Answer all the questions in the spaces provided.

1. State the name given to the study of

a) Chemical changes in living organisms. (1 mark)

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b) Insects (1 mark)

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2. Below is a diagram of an organelle that is involved in respiration.

a) Name the organelle. (1 mark)

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b) Name the part labeled X. (1 mark)

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c). What is the purpose of the part labeled Y. (1 mark)

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3. a) State the category of variation into which the following traits fall. (2 marks)

i. Skin pigmentation

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ii. Blood group

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b) Give two possible genotypes of blood group A. (1 mark)

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4. a) Name two excretory products produced by both plants and animals. (2 marks) ............................
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b) What is the name given to the process in which excess amino acids are broken down in the
liver. (1mark) ......................................................................................................................................

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5.
a) What is meant by the following terms?

i. Autoecology (1 mark)

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ii. Habitat (1 mark)

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b) State one way in which floating leaves of aquatic plants are adapted to gaseous
exchange.(1mark)
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6. a) Define the term ‘Parthenocarpy’. (1 mark)

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b) Name one plant growth hormone that promotes parthenocarpy. (1 mark) ....................................
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7. During a biological excursion, a group of form three students collected a plant specimen, whose
reproductive organ is shown below.

a) Name the sub-division of the plant from which the above specimen was obtained. (1 mark) ........
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b) Other than the presence of the above characteristic, state TWO characteristics of the plants in
the sub division named above. (2 marks) ...........................................................................................
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8. The shirt of a student was stained by a solution of DCPIP. A friend advised him to wash with lemon
juice. Explain. ......................................................................................................................................
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9. The diagram below shows a cell undergoing a stage in cell division.

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 a) With reason, identify this stage. (2 marks)

Identify

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Reason

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b) Draw a diagram to show the next stage of cell division. (1 mark)

10. a) Name an end product of photosynthesis that may be found in the intercellular air spaces of a
leaf. (1 mark) ......................................................................................................................................
.............................

b. State what happens to the product named in (a) above. (1 mark) .................................................
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11. What characteristics do gills of a fish and the mouth cavity of a frog have in common that enable
them to be efficient in gaseous exchange. .........................................................................................
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12. An experiment was set up as shown below to investigate a certain process.

After 20 minutes, a student tested the sample from the beaker for starch and glucose. The results
were recorded in the table below.

a) Explain the presence of glucose in the water sample. (1 mark) .....................................................

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b) What change occurred in volume of liquid in: i. Beaker (1 mark)

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 ii. Visking tubing. (1 mark)

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13. Give the role of the following parts of the male reproductive system.

a) Epididymis...................................................................................................................................

b) Prostate gland...............................................................................................................................

14. Below are cross sectional diagrams of fruits.

Identify the type of placentation present in the three diagrams.

P...........................................................................................................................................................
..... Q....................................................................................................................................................
............ R..............................................................................................................................................
..................

15. State three functions of mammalian blood.

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16. Fill the blanks in the table below.

Organ/gland Hormone Function Pituitary

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............................................

i) Causes ovulation

ii) Stimulates production of progesterone. Ovarian tissue Oestrogen

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Pituitary Follicle stimulating hormone

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17. Enzymes are important in various physiological processes in living things.

a) Differentiate between an enzyme and a hormone.

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b) Name the property of an enzyme exhibited by the lock and key hypothesis. ................................
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18. a) Define immunity. (1 mark)

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b) Distinguish between natural immunity and acquired immunity. (1 mark) ......................................

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c) Identify one immunizable disease in Kenya. (1 mark)

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19. State the functions of the following parts of a light microscope.

a) Condenser (1 mark)

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b) Diaphragm. (1 mark)

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20. The diagram below shows part of a plant tissue.

a) Name the cell labeled X and part labeled W. (2 marks)

X....................................................................................................................................................
W...................................................................................................................................................

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 b) State one adaptation of cell labeled X to its function. (1 mark) ......................................................
.............................................................................................................

21. a) Differentiate between hypogeal and epigeal germination. (1 mark) ..............................................

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b) State two causes of dormancy in seeds. (2 marks)

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22. a) Define polyploidy. (1 mark)

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b) Name two disorders resulting from gene mutations. (2 marks) ......................................................

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23. The following is a food chain that was presented by a pupil in a class.

State errors that are made in the food chain.

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24. Below is an experiment set to investigate a factor necessary for photosynthesis.

a) Suggest the aim of the experiment above. (1 mark)

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b) Give a reason for:

i) Using sodium hydroxide pellets. (1 mark)

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ii Testing leaf B for starch. (1 mark)

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....

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25. a) Name two components of blood that are not present in the glomerular filtrate. (2 marks) ............
....................................................................................................................................................... .....
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.

b) Explain why they are not present in the glomerular filtrate. (1 mark) ............................................
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26.
Name animal organs that are rich in.

a) Lysosomes (1 mark)

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b) Golgi body (1 mark

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.. .......................................................................................................................................................

27. a) Distinguish between transpiration and guttation. (1 mark)

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b) State the importance of guttation in hydrolytes. (1 mark)

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28. What causes the following diseases?

i) Diabetes mellitus. (1 mark)

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ii) Diabetes inspidus (1 mark)

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29. Study the diagram of the mammalian tooth below and answer the questions that follow.

a) Identify the tooth. (1 mark)

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....

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 b) Give a reason for your answer in (a) above. (1 mark)

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..

c) State one adaptation of the tooth to its function. (1 mark)

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...

30. a) What is the meaning of the term organic evolution? (1 mark) ........................................................
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b) Explain the following terms:

i. Analogous structures (1 mark)

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ii. Comparative embryology. (1 mark)

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