FORM - a creative problem-solving endeavor that transforms

- shape and structure something as distinguished from its ideas and visions into 3- dimensional reality
substance or material o Starring: Client-Owner & Architect
- the manner of arranging and coordinating the parts of a o Supported by: Engineer, Contractor, Supplier
composition so as to produce a coherent image - brainstorm:
• Client-Owner - sets the: - Site Details
Conceptual Clarity
- Goals - Space Requirements
- is when your main idea and the intentions behind it
- Budget - Other Preferences
makes its way clearly into the architectural form
• Architect - must know the: - Zoning/ Building
ITERATIVE DESIGN PROCESS ⁃ Site Research/ Analysis Codes
⁃ Iteration is a methodology that focuses on the users ⁃ Zoning/ Building Codes - Estimated Budget
input to the product being designed or developed ⁃ Initial Size, Space Location and Relationships
⁃ cyclic process of testing analyzing and refining product

Why is it important?
1. User Feedback - collection of resources and references
2. Solve Problems - understand what works for you
whenever you improve the use and design
3. Best Results - produce a better product
Design Thinking Process: 4 Phases of the Architectural Design Process
1. Emphatize - learn about the audience 1. Schematic - programming
⁃ uncover emotions; seek stories • Vision, Concept (bubble diagrams)
⁃ who is my user? • Space, Relationship, Areas, Sizes, Location, Orientation
2. Define – what are their needs? • Site development - info about site
- create a point of view based on user needs and • Studies, Sketches
insights • Style, motif
3. Ideate - brainstorming
- come up with possible solutions 2. Design Development - refine and ideate
4. Prototype - representation of ideas • scheme refined to final design
⁃ to understand context and key features • space requirements and layout are satisfied - choices
5. Test - to refine solution and gather data • drawings include details of suggested finishes, fixtures,
windows, doors
⁃ gain deeper empathy
• design is clear and ready for technical details
⁃ what worked and what didn’t?
6. Assess - guidelines for evaluating work 3. Contract Documents - finalize; prototyping
⁃ openly giving + receiving and integrating feedback • details communicating design to construction drawings
• detailed drawings prepared for submission to all
engineering disciplines and specialty contractors
• includes systems and components, materials selection,
appliances, fixtures, and all other items needed for an
accurate cost estimate
4. Construction - implementation
• assist in bidding and contractor selection of client
• visit site to ensure designs are followed acc. to plans
• reviews the accomplishment and completion of works
• consultant to maternal choices
• These steps can be repeated as many times as needed
• offer interior services as an allied service
• Continue process until the desired results are achieved
SEMIOTICS - study of signs and symbols
Architectural Design Process
 ⁃ study and interpretation of signs
Semiology - nature of signs and the laws governing them
Charles Sanders Peirce & Ferdinand de Saussure
⁃ fathers of semiology
⁃ signs are part of social life; a part of social psychology:
⁃ signs and symbols can be studied:
⁃ written/ spoken language; rituals; culture; images; art
signifier = concept signified = form
Concept Development
denotation - surface meaning - happens after dermining what the client needs
⁃ what you understand at first glance - context, location, basic code review, initial thought in a
connotation - deeper meaning central idea
⁃ begin to form judgements based on what you see
Problem has to be framed in order to become
why is it relevant to architecture? something architecture can solve
⁃ forms and spaces of architecture all have meaning o Observable realities
⁃ make sure that all meanings are understood by users o problems in the community
forms beauty o recommendations based on research
spaces < strength o trends or market research
ornament function o perceived trajectories (for conceptual projects)
- communicate beauty, strength, function
Part of a Concept Sheet
Evidence-Based Design 1. Project Title - brief description
2. Project Name
3. Project Brief
4. Project Goal - usually objectives are supplied by clients
5. Project Objectives - outline aims/ end-goals of project
6. Design Philosophy - explains the designer’s design POV
- a general idea about architecture that applies to
how a designer approaches design in general
- can relate to different architectural problems
Analysis - fundamental parts of the design problem are 7. Design Concept - explains intent of the designer
separated and identified - speaks of an idea on how to solve the architectural
Synthesis - parts are put together to form coherent solution problem at hand that is in line with the philosophy
(Having it the other way around is not impossible) - influences
- innovation of framework:
CONCEPT SHEET • theory - a new way of seeing
⁃ is a textual and graphical explanation containing the • process - a new way of using
intentions and conceptual development leading to a • technology - a new way building
design solution • form - a new way of composing
⁃ is like a map of ideas using this was storytelling this 8. Design Objectives - how aims will be achieved
showed the evolution of your ideas into your architectural ⁃ how you answer the Project Objectives based on
solution it has the following characteristics: your design concept
1. logical - solid argumentation from the problem
9. Design Consideration - abstract ideas
toward a solution
2. based on research - past and present information 10. Design Strategies - fragmented architectural solution
about its typology architect’s process:
3. has sketches and illustrations - visually explain parts/ idea > abstraction > architectural form
central idea to create cohesive architectural solution
4. shows the essential ideas that inform the design Abstraction - enables reality or actuality to be codified in
decisions - clearly mapping out how your idea came the manner of independent of it particularity and
to be step-by-step therefore aids in the communication concepts
5. easy to understand; has brief explanations codified – create a pattern of it or have vocabulary that is
easily determined
Initial idea could be rooted in simple abstraction, yet 6. Wall - partitions off and determines the inner “shell”
initiates a process that ends with the complete architectural - primary to define, separate and protect interior
proposal a. Kalyados: Allows air to cross rooms.
11. Evolution of Form b. Sawali Walls: Woven walls
- Concept Board - Floor Plan
7. Roof - divides and protects a place from forces of sky
- Diagrams - Elevations
- may become a unifying element in a neighborhood
- Site Development Plan - Sections Perspective
Ex: Filipino Roof: Voluminous thatched roof that
CONCEPTUALIZATION allows warm air to rise and provides shade. The steep
How do we start? profile protects from heavy rains.
- Be empathetic
- Get inspiration 8. Path - where one moves; may be straight or irregular in
- Understand people and your surroundings route that courses the ground, avoiding obstacles.
- Research and/or watch videos a. May go upwards, circular, or zigzag.
- Have a pen and sketchbook or go digital b. Bahay na Bato: Staircases separates the private
upstairs (to the anti-sala) and public downstairs.
Ways to Explore Ideas:
- Model 9. Openings - doorway or window that allows the passage
- Photo Montage / Collage of people, light, or air.
- Brainstorm – Word Cloud a. Bahay na Bato: Multiple windows such as the
Ventanilla, Capiz sliding windows and the fixed
Flaneur - a person who strolls the city in order to
experience it; deliberately aimless window at the top called Espejo.
b. Special Hallway: It as double wall protection.
3 Important Factors: Which can be from the outside and its many doors
1. Site – location area
where the biggest was for carriages or floats.
2. Project brief – client’s requirements
3. Typology – function of the building DRAWING ELEMENTS OF ARCHITECTURE
Drawing as Communication:
o sketches make the project unique a. Rendering the likeness of things or elements for
understanding
ELEMENTS OF ARCHITECTURE
b. Information rich by nature
Architecture as a Visual Language
c. Must be clear, explicit and utilize conventions to be
- one must be familiar with its own unique vocabulary,
easily understood.
to decipher the meaning, one should master the
d. Diagram - simplifies drawing process that illustrates
language of its form - Dr. Gerard Lico
relationships, patterns of growth
a. Word or Vocabulary [Elements of Architecture]
- uses symbols and icons.
b. Syntax/ Particular Arrangements [Parts of the Building]
c. Message or Architecture [The Structure] Drawing Process:
a. Seeing - vision, which is elective, from different
Evidence-Based Design
viewpoints in context
Architecture = something the world needs
b. Visualizing - site for data gathering by seeing with
+ Innovation today and tomorrow
mind’s eye; draw from memory or beyond present
1. Ground Area - site where the buildings sit and define c. Expressing - through drawing and the expressive
areas (floors, pavements, lawns) for various purposes qualities of lines and visual signatures. (pen, pencil,
- may not always be flat experimentation, communication, subject, and
graphic content)
2. Platform - raised plane above the natural ground level.
- connote importance or keep area safe from flooding Shape - definition of form
a. Calligraphic Lines f. Visual Judgement
3. Pit - lowers a defined area below the ground around it
b. Positive and Negative Shapes g. Organizing Shapes
and is made by excavation
c. Drawing Shapes h. Projection
4. Marker - defines a place in a particular spot and stand
d. Proportion and Scale i. Shape & Meaning
out from its surroundings Ex: An Obelisk or Columns
e. Sighting Techniques
5. Focus - any element where concentration is brought to
Shape as an Image:
bear Ex: Fireplace, Altar, Throne,
a. Naturalistic Shapes c. Shapes as Symbol
Work of Art, Distant Mountain
b. Abstract Shapes d. Shapes as Visual Concepts
Architectural Drawings:
a. Schematic diagrams of buildings.
b. Has scale and projection
c. Serves as a plan in designing the structure.
d. technical drawings of a house, building, site, and
other kinds of structure.
e. lines and symbols as graphical representations
f. furniture, orientation, landscaping, road networks

Importance of Architectural Drawings:

a. Document owned by the Architect.
b. Guide for the construction.
c. Guide for construction cost.
d. Without it, the construction will go astray or out of
direction.

Floor Plan
a. top view of structure
b. shows the labels of rooms
c. shows measurements
d. shows the furniture or fit out layout
e. shows details for electrical, plumbing, mechanical
etc
Elevations
a. Shows all four sides of a structure
b. Shows measurements
c. Shows labels
d. Shows details like the make of doors, windows,
walls, roofs, gutters.
e. Shows the grid (indication of height, column
location or distance, etc.)
f. Adjusted based on location

Sections:
a. Shows details (Blow-up Sections).
b. Shows the interior of the structure.
c. Shows the fit out or furniture.
d. Shows the measurements like height per floor or
ceiling.
e. Shows the rooms or labels of each area covered.

Perspective:
a. The finished look of the structure.
b. For the convenience of the layman.
c. What you see, is what you get.
d. Consistency is key.

Orthographic Projection:
a. AKA Orthogonal projection
b. Represents 3D objects or drawings (LxWxH + Depth) to
2D Drawings (LxWxH)
c. Top view as reference (Plan) to project the front, rear,
right and left side view of an object.
d. Shows the top view and all the sides.