SENSOR-BASED GAS LEAKAGE DETECTOR SYSTEM

BY

AHMAD IBRAHIM HNDEET/PM/021/267

ABDULLAHI MUHAMMED AHMED HNDEET/PM/021/268
KHALID SANI HNDEET/PM/021/269
MUHAMMAD ALHAJI UMAR HNDEET/PM/021/270

SUBMITTED TO THE DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRICAL AND

ELECTRONICS ENGINEERING, NIGER STATE POLYTECHNIC

ZUNGERU IN PARTIAL FULFILMENT FOR THE REQIUREMENT

OF THE AWARD OF HIGHER NATIONAL DIPLOMA IN

ELECTRICAL AND ELECTRONICS ENGINEERING.

APRIL, 2023.
 ABSTRACT

Liquefied Petroleum Gas (LPG) is a main source of fuel, especially in urban areas because it is clean compared
to firewood and charcoal. Gas leakage is a major problem in the industrial sector, residential premises, etc.
Nowadays, home security has become a major issue because of increasing gas leakage. Gas leakage is a source
of great anxiety with ateliers, residential areas and vehicles like Compressed Natural Gas (CNG), buses, and
cars which are run on gaspower. One of the preventive methods to stop accidents associated with the gas
leakage is to install a gas leakage detection kit at vulnerable places. The aim of this paper is to propose and
discuss a design of a gas leakage detection system that can automatically detect, alert and control gas leakage.
This proposed system also includes an alerting system for the users. The system is based on a sensor that easily
detects a gas leakage.

Keywords: LPG (liquefied petroleum gas); gas sensor MQ-6; buzzer (alarm); LED (light)
INTRODUCTION

Gas leakage is a serious problem and nowadays it is observed in many places like residences, industries, and

vehicles like Compressed Natural Gas (CNG), buses, cars, etc. It is noticed that due to gas leakage, dangerous

accidents occur. The Liquefied petroleum gas (LPG), or propane, is a flammable mixture of hydrocarbon gases

used as fuel in many applications like homes, hostels, industries, automobiles, and vehicles because of its

desirable properties which include high calorific value, less smoke, less soot, and meager harm to the

environment. Liquid petroleum gas (LPG) is highly inflammable and can burn even at some distance from the

source of leakage. This energy source is primarily composed of propane and butane which are highly flammable

chemical compounds. These gases can catch fire easily. In homes, LPG is used mainly for cooking purposes.

When a leak occurs, the leaked gases may lead to an explosion. Gas leakage leads to various accidents resulting

in both material loss and human injuries. Home fires have been occurring frequently and the threat to human

lives and properties has been growing in recent years. The risks of explosion, fire, suffocation are based on their

physical properties such toxicity, flammability, etc. The number of deaths due to the explosion of gas cylinders

has been increasing in recent years. The Bhopal gas tragedy is an example of accidents due to gas leakage.

The reason for such explosions is due to substandard cylinders, old valves, no regular checking of gas cylinders,

worn out regulators and a lack of awareness of handling gas cylinders. Therefore, the gas leakage should be

detected and controlled to protect people from danger. An odorant such as ethane thiol is added to LPG, so that

leaks can be detected easily by most people. However, some people who have a reduced sense of smell may not

be able to rely upon this inherent safety mechanism. A gas leakage detector becomes vital and helps to protect

people from the dangers of gas leakage.

To make our environment clean and away from all kind of dangerous gases we must take some steps like we

would like to create a project which leads to detection of gases. So we design gas leakage detector to reduce the

problem up to some extent. Gas leakage detection will not only provide us the significance in health department

but also it will lead to raise our economy because when gas gets leaked it not only contaminates the atmosphere

but also wastage of gases will down our economy.

AIM AND OBJECTIVES

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The aim of the study is to design a sensor-based gas leakage detector system. To achieve this aim, the following

objectives must be carried out;

1) To analyse the sensor for natural gas leakage detection.

2) To design automatic arduino based device for natural gas leakage detection.

3) The device will show an alert message on LCD display along with buzzer activation.

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LITERATURE REVIEW

Carbon Monoxide (CO) poisoning is a seamless and dangerous problem in steel mill's hot-process areas where

the dirty and hazardous environment offers unique challenges to any deployed gas detection system. Slow

accumulation of the gas causes headaches, dizziness, nausea and confusion which are harmful for workers'

safety and environmental protection. The gas detection solution needs to be wireless and instantly deployable,

as the steel mill could not afford the down time to install shielded cables. CO poisoning prevention system

based on a Wireless Sensor Network (WSN) which continuously detects the CO level in a restrained space like

in steel mills and upon alarming conditions, automatically activates countermeasure system to lower the CO

concentration level. Implementation of a WSN monitoring system connected to a customized actuator circuit

which can switch the exhaust and alarm systems on and off autonomously.

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METHOD AND MATERIALS

Semiconductor sensors will be used to detect LPG gas. An MQ6 semiconductor sensor will be used. Sensitive

material of the MQ-6 gas sensor is SnO2, which has lower conductivity in clean air. When the target

combustible gas exists, the sensor conductivity increases along with the rising gas concentration. The MQ6 gas

sensor has a high sensitivity to Propane, Butane and LPG, and response to Natural gas. The sensor could be

used to detect different combustible gasses, especially Methane; it has a low-cost and is suitable for different

applications. The MQ-6 can detect gas concentrations anywhere from 200 to 10,000 ppm. The sensor’s output is

an analog resistance. Figure 1 shows the block diagram of the gas leakage detection and alert system.

Figure 1. Block diagram of gas leakage detection and alert system.

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DESIGN / ANALYSIS:

First the sensor will sense the leakage on the basis of gas density which is then sent to the arduino in the form of

electrical signal and further through programming/coding fed in arduino, a signal will be sent to the peripheral

components and a specific message will be displayed on LCD Display and also a buzzer will be activated.

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CONCLUSIONS

The design of a sensor-based automatic gas leakage detector with an alert and control system has been proposed

and discussed in this paper. This is a low-cost, low power, lightweight, portable, safe, user friendly, efficient,

multi featured and simple system device for detecting gas. Gas leakage detection will not only provide us with

significance in the health department but it will also lead to raise our economy, because when gas leaks it not

only contaminates the atmosphere but also wastage of gases will hurt our economy. In the open literatures it is

noticed that much work has not been done for a smart gas detection system. In future, more advanced features

will be integrated with this system which will provide users with more safety and relaxation. The proliferation

of handheld devices has led to developments in the field of smart gas sensors, which has considerably widened

their scope of application. The need for ensuring safety in workplaces is expected to be the key driving force for

the market over the coming years.

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