NEPAL OIL CORPORATION, KATHMANDU, NEPAL

CONSTRUCTION OF POKHARA AVIATION FUEL STATION (AFS) AT

POKHARA
REGIONAL INTERNATIONAL AIRPORT, POKHARA, GANDAKI
PRADESH, NEPAL
Contract no: NCB/WORKS/NOC/POKHARA-04/2077-78

A report on
Structural analysis and design
Of
FIRE PUMP MACHINE FOUNDATION

Prepared By:
Religare-Samanantar-BNH JV
(June 2024)

1
Contents
List of Figures.........................................................................................................................................3
List of Abbreviations and Symbols.........................................................................................................4
Background............................................................................................................................................5
Machine data.....................................................................................................................................5
Vibration data....................................................................................................................................5
Fo , peak amplitude .............................................................................................................................5
Criteria for design..............................................................................................................................6
Introduction...........................................................................................................................................7
Material properties...............................................................................................................................8
Concrete............................................................................................................................................8
Steel reinforcement...........................................................................................................................8
Structural steel..................................................................................................................................8
Soil.....................................................................................................................................................8
Structural analysis and modelling procedures.......................................................................................9
Loads.................................................................................................................................................9
Dead loads:....................................................................................................................................9
Dynamic loads:..............................................................................................................................9
Seismic design parameters..................................................................................................................10
Equivalent static method.................................................................................................................10
Response spectrum method............................................................................................................11
Seismic load calculation...................................................................................................................11
Load Combinations:.............................................................................................................................12
Structural response:............................................................................................................................12
Modal analyses:...........................................................................................................................12
Structural parameters check :.............................................................................................................13
Check weight (mass) ratio................................................................................................................13
Check for soil bearing capacity........................................................................................................13
Dynamic amplitude check................................................................................................................15
Rebar check from moment calculation............................................................................................15
Mode of vibration check for foundation sizing....................................................................................16

2
List of Figures
Figure 1 Vertical vibrations of a machine foundation a) actual case, b) equivalent model with
damping, c)model without damping.....................................................................................................5
Figure 2 Possible modes for cyclic displacement of foundation............................................................6
Figure 3 concept of high of low tuned foundations...............................................................................7
Figure 4: 3D view of the foundation block for fire pump......................................................................8
Figure 5: horizontal base shear coefficient curves...............................................................................11

3
List of Abbreviations and Symbols
A g = Gross areas of concrete.
Acc = Core area of concrete.
A st = Area of reinforcement
C d ( T ) = Horizontal base shear coefficient.
C h ( T )=¿ Spectral shape factor
E = Modulus of elasticity
f ck = Characteristic compressive strength of concrete
f y = Characteristic yield strength of concrete
H = Height of the structure
I = Importance factor
k = Constant or coefficient or factor
K v =¿vertical subgrade modulus ( K v ¿ equals
Ld = Development length
M u = Ultimate moment
M ulim = Limiting Moment of resistance
M ux = Design moment about xx axis
M uy = Design moment about yy axis
Pb = Axial load corresponding to the condition of maximum compressive strain
Pu = Design axial load for limit state design (factored load)
p = percentage of reinforcement
R = Response reduction factor
Ru=¿Ductility factor
T = Empirical fundamental amplified time period
T1 = Empirical fundamental time period of the structure
V u = Shear force due to factored loads
x u = depth of neutral axis
x u ,lim ¿ ¿ = Limiting value of depth of neutral axis
Z = Seismic zoning factor
α =¿ Spectral shape factor
τ v = Nominal shear
τ bd = Design bond stress
τ c = Shear stress in concrete
τ c, max = Maximum shear stress in concrete with shear reinforcement
Ω s=¿Over-strength factor under serviceability conditions
Ωu =¿Over-strength factor
µ = Poission’s Ratio
γ = Weight per unit volume
ρ = Density

4
Background
The overall sizes of the machine foundation are determined on the plant layout requirement,
from machine and geotechnical data and dynamic characteristics/response of the foundation.
Machine data
 The technical characteristics of machines(name, type, no of rotations per minute,power, total
weight etc)
 Outline dimension of machine base and anchor bolt layout.
 Weight and location of cg for the combined machine assembly and for each component,
especially rotating mass.
 For centrifugal machines the dynamic unbalanced forces are required for each rotor to be
applied at respective CG location.

Vibration data
The operation of the machine produces a vertical unbalanced force which passes through the
combined center of gravity of the machine foundation system.Vibration are time dependent
displacements of a particle or system of particles w.r.t an equilibrium position. Each structure
has its own natural frequency for a series of different modes which control its dynamic
behavior. The vibration induced is undamped harmonic excitation studied by the equation
∙∙
m y + ky=F o sinw ' t

F o , peak amplitude
'
w , angular frequency of force

Figure 1 Vertical vibrations of a machine foundation a) actual case, b) equivalent model with damping, c)model
without damping

5
A typical concrete block is regarded as rigid as compared to the soil over which it rests. The
cyclic displacement of a foundation can have six possible modes:
1. Translation in the vertical direction
2. Translation in the longitudinal direction
3. Translation in the lateral direction
4. Rotation about the vertical axis(yawing)
5. Rotation about the longitudinal axis(rocking)
6. Rotation about the lateral axis(pitching)

Figure 2 Possible modes for cyclic displacement of foundation

Criteria for design

The basic requirements that must be met in the foundations for dynamic machines:

Static loads
1. It should be safe against shear failure
2. Basement settlement within normal limits

Dynamic loads
 There should be no resonance; that is, the natural frequency of the machine foundation-soil
system should not coincide with the operating frequency of the machine. A zone of resonance
is generally defined and the natural frequency of the system must lie outside this zone.

 The amplitudes of motion at operating frequencies should not exceed the limiting amplitudes,
which are generally specified by machine manufacturers. If the computed amplitude is within
tolerable limits, but the computed natural frequency is close to the operating frequency, it is
important that this situation be avoided.

 The natural frequency of the foundation-soil system should not be whole number multiple of
operating frequency of the machine to avoid resonance with higher harmonics.

6
Figure 3 concept of high of low tuned foundations

With all constant parameters, the static weight of machine affect the foundation-machine-soil
system resonance check. The weight of the machine must be too large not to pass the
resonance check.

Introduction
This report outlines the general methods implemented to analyze and design of Fire Pump
foundation(Figure 4). The RCC structure consists of 3d solid element with 8 nodes, the CG of
machine parts are modelled as node connected by rigid element to foundation block. The CG
of the motor is 1.852m and the CG of the pump is 2.121m.

7
 Figure 4: 3D view of the foundation block for fire pump

Material properties
The material specifications of the structural components of the buildings follow IS 875 (Part
1) [2] and are as follows.

Concrete
Concrete of M25 (with E=25000 MPa, μ=0.2, and γ =25 kN/m3) has been adopted for grade
all structural components. The sections are assumed as cracked with following reductions to
moments of inertia.

Steel reinforcement
HYSD bars of grade Fe500 [11] (with E=200000 MPa, μ=0.3, and ρ=7850 kg/m3) has
been adopted for the structure.

Structural steel
Indian standard steel sections of grade Fe250 has been adopted herein.

Soil
As per IS 2794-1-1969, the soil type is medium soil. The coefficient of elastic uniform
compression (cu) is 5000 t/m3 and coefficient of elastic uniform shear (ce=0.5*cu)=2500
t/m3.
70 points are present in the solid model.

1) vertical
direction 2) Horizontal direction

8
 kz=CuxA kx=CexA
kz= 54750 t/m = 27375 t/m
per node= 782.142 t/m per node= = 391.07 t/m
= 7821.42 kN/m = 3910.7 kN/m

Structural analysis and modelling procedures

A full three-dimensional solid finite element model is created in SAP2000 24. Machine dead
load are assigned at centre of gravity axis with rigid beam connected to the foundation. The
end supports are modelled as spring with vertical and horizontal springs.

Loads

Dead loads: The dead loads applied to the structure are distinguished into two components,
i.e. (a) self-weight, and (b) superimposed dead loads. The data are considered from the
catalogue as provided.
rotar wt Total wt*3
item kg kn Remarks
Assuming 10%
fuel load
remains in the
pump 700 34 102 pump
motor 1300 13 39
coupling 18 0.18 0.54
baseplate 5 0.05 0.15

Dynamic loads: The dynamic loads applied to the structure are based on IS 2974-3.

as per calculation considered for

Rotar Wt.(m) Angular velocity eccentricity design
dynamic dynamic
Item kg w m force(kg) force(kg)
(normal (emerg

9
 operation) operation)
Fo=m*e*w^2/10 Fo=6*Fo
3.34395E-
pump 700 188.400 05 83.0844 498.5064
1.67197E-
motor 1300 188.4 05 77.1498 462.8988
3.34395E-
coupling 18 188.4 05 2.136456 12.818736

Seismic design parameters

The seismic load at ultimate limit and serviceability limit states are adopted as per NBC
105:2020 [1]. Two methods, i.e. (a) equivalent static method, and (b) response spectrum
method, are implemented in the analyses. The structure is of moment resisting frame
configuration. Specific parameters adopted for the structure are:
Seismic zoning factor: 0.3 for Pokhara
Importance factor: 1.00
Soil type: C
Over-strength factor (Ωu ): 1.3
Over-strength factor under serviceability conditions (Ω s): 1.15
Ductility factor ( Ru): 3

Equivalent static method

Height of the structure, H=1.5 m
Empirical fundamental time period of the structure,
3
T 1=k t H =0.05 ×1.5 3/ 4=0.067 seconds
4

Empirical fundamental amplified time period:

T =1.25 ×T 1=0.084 seconds
Since T lies below T c =1seconds, the spectral shape factor is thus:
C h ( T )=α=2.5
The horizontal base shear coefficient at ultimate state is then
C (T ) ZI 2.5× 0.3 ×1
Cd (T )= h = =0.192
R μ Ωu 3 ×1.3

10
 Figure 5: horizontal base shear coefficient curves

Similarly, the horizontal base shear coefficient at serviceability state is:

0.2 C h ( T ) ZI 0.2× 2.5× 0.3 ×1
Cd (T )= = =0.13
Ωs 1.15

Response spectrum method

The horizontal base shear coefficient (i.e. C d ( T ) ) curve for ultimate limit state is defined in
ETABS. The C d ( T ) curve is obtained from the following equation:
C (T ) ZI 0.3 ×1.0
Cd (T )= h = C ( T )=0.05 Ch (T )
R μ Ωu 4 ×1.5 h
Similarly, the horizontal base shear coefficient curve for serviceability limit state is defined in
ETABS, using the following equation:
0.2 C h ( T ) ZI 0.2× 0.3× 1
Cd (T )= = C h ( T )=0.048 C h (T )
Ωs 1.25
The response spectrum loads are oriented along the principal axes of the building. Note that
the principal axes correspond to the direction of the first two modal base reactions.

Seismic load calculation

Output case Global Fx ‘kN’ Global Fy ‘kN’ Global Global My

11
 Mx‘kNm’ ‘kNm’
EQx -66.745 -8.228E-12 1.257E-10 7.0354
EQy -2.044E-12 -66.745 -7.0354 -2.465E-10

Load Combinations:
Load combinations for seismic case as per NBC 105:2020 are as follows:
foundation DL+machine operationfoundation DL+machine operation+¿−seismic X /Y

where,
DL: dead load (self-weight + super-imposed dead load),
LL: live load,
EL: earthquake load (equivalent static),
RL: earthquake load (response spectrum),
Note that the subscripts x , y , and z denote the direction of applied forces. The earthquake
loads are applied under both serviceability and ultimate conditions.

Structural response:
Modal analyses: The response spectrum method uses Ritz vector modes with accelerations
along x, y and z directions. Sufficient number of mode shapes are taken to ensure mass
participation of at least 90% for translation along all three directions.

Frequency,
Hz period sec ux uy uz sum ux sum uy sum rz
7.488E- 3.095E-
1 6.103 0.163867 0.0493 0.22719 0.02642 2.6E-08
10 10
7.828E- 5.969E- 5.272E-
2 7.638 0.130923 0.47709 0.02494 0.50191
08 08 08
1.686E- 2.155E-
3 9.464 0.10566 0.68488 0.66489 0.50191 0.10002
09 07
7.853E-
4 15.683 0.063763 0.35991 0.00025 0.66491 0.91049 0.10014
06
2.494E- 2.643E-
5 17.277 0.057881 0.22123 0.91604 0.91054 0.66979
05 08
6 21.817 0.045836 0.00113 0.00035 0.72921 0.9719 0.91063 0.98983
7 22.119 0.045209 0.05772 0.00015 0.01409 0.97227 0.91083 0.99202
4.712E- 1.846E-
8 25.085 0.039864 0.11035 0.97235 0.99523 0.99227
05 05
9 29.225 0.034217 0.01423 0.00189 0.00245 0.97383 0.9999 0.99228
10 30.294 0.03301 0.0207 0.00093 0.00154 0.99998 1 0.99998
3.583E- 2.705E- 4.823E-
11 48.377 0.020671 0.99999 1 0.99998
05 06 05
1.644E- 7.398E-
12 54.212 0.018446 0.00013 1 1 0.99999
05 07

12
 The natural frequency of the soil is kept lower than the disturbing frequency ie 30Hz as per
vendor specification. The frequency ratio in max load participation for 90% mass
participation for mode 5 is lesser than 30% and within permissible range .

Structural parameters check :

Check weight (mass) ratio

249.37
total mass of foundation = 5 kN
mass of machine = 117.5 kN
>2,
Hence
ratio 2.112 okay

Check for soil bearing capacity

Equipment Weight

Wt
Item no Description (oper) coordinate moments,kN-m
Wi 'kN' xc yc zc Wi.xc Wi.Yc Wi.Zc
fire pump
A Pump 85 1.25 1.683 1.952 106.25 143.055 165.92
B Motor 32.5 1.25 0.44 2.221 40.625 14.3 72.182
117.5 146.875 157.355 238.103

CG calculation
calculation of CG of foundation system

Wt
Item no Description (oper) coordinate moments,kN-m
Wi 'kN' xc yc zc Wi.xc Wi.Yc Wi.Zc
machine
A platform 148.6125 1.25 1.339 2.026 140.6250 150.659 277.9705
foundation
B base 136.875 1.825 1.5 0.25 249.7969 205.3125 34.2188
285.4875 390.4219 355.972 262.189

x= (∑WixXc)/ y= (∑WixYc)/ z= (∑WixZc)/∑Wi

13
 ∑Wi ∑Wi
= 1.5656 1.42745 1.051

calculation of CG of loading system

(∑WixXc)/
x= ∑Wi y= (∑WixYc)/∑Wi z= (∑WixZc)/∑Wi
1.250 1.339 2.026

Calculation of CG of combined foundation and loading system

Wt coordinat moments,kN-
Description (oper) e m
Wi 'kN' xc yc zc Wi.xc Wi.Yc Wi.Zc
equipment 1.339 2.026 238.102
load 117.5 1.2500 2 4 146.875 157.355 5
foundation 1.427 355.97154
load 249.375 1.56560 5 1.051 390.42 3 262.19
366.875 537.30 513.33 500.292

x= (∑WixXc)/∑Wi y= (∑WixYc)/∑Wi z= (∑WixZc)/∑Wi

1.4645 1.3992 1.364

cg of foundation, x= 1.5656 m y= 1.427455 m

cg of combined foundation and loading system

x= 1.4645 m y= 1.399 m

eccentricity in x direction = 0.1011 m 0.1825 m

eccentricity in y direction = 0.028 m 0.15 m

check for SBC:

total mass of foundation = 366.875 kN
mass/area = 33.5046 kN/m2

soil bearing pressure check long term check

long term case

Foundation DL+machine operation
max
comp(kN/m2)=P/a+Mx/zx+Mz/zz 36.8564
max uplift(kN/m2)==P/a-Mx/zx-
Mz/zz 30.1528

14
 Dynamic amplitude check
The maximum amplitude of vibration of the forced vibration for SRSS dynamic machine
load case is calculated taking root square of three directional amplitude at a node.

x amp(E=3 y amp (E=3

mm) mm) z amp (E=3 mm) resultant amp mm/sec disp rms (mm)

sqrt(x.^2+y.^2+z.^2) (0.707*res amp)

0.093202 0.079243 0.058107 0.1354 0.0948

Rebar check from moment calculation

momen min
momen t (M2) shear longitudinal
Directio t (M1) (kN- b d force(k rebar reqd
load combo Type n (kN-m) m) (mm) (mm) N),F1 along face 1
DL+Machin
e
operation+eq 336.72
x Wall X 210 3000 1500 3 1728
DL+Machin
e
operation+eq 336.72
y Wall Y 119 1500 3000 3 1758
DL+Machin
e
operation+eq foundatio
x n bottom X 276.44 3000 500 227.19 1800
DL+Machin
e
operation+eq foundatio
y n bottom Y 183.88 3650 500 227.19 2190

15
Mode of vibration check for foundation sizing
Weight of Foundation, Wf = 25.420 Tons
Weight of Machine, Wm = 0.8279 Tons
117.864819
Area of Foundation, Af = 1 ft2
Shear Modulus of Soil, G = 326.198 kg/cm2
Poisson's Ratio, ϑ = 0.25
Unit weight of soil, ϒ = 0.0018 kg/cm3
Natural Frequency Machine, f = 1800 RPM
Angular Freq. of Machine, ω = 188.50 CPS
Length x Breadth x Height of
Machine Foundation = 365 x 300 x 50
cm cm cm
a) Vertical Mode of Vibration
Damping
Total Wt. ro Bz ao Ratio Kz ωn ω/ωn
(kg) (cm) (ηz) (kg/cm) (cps)
26248.38 186.694757 44.60615
9 7 0.420 2.64 0.6556 53238.184 5 4.22577

Qo Qo/kz Az
Check
(kg) (cm) (cm) (mm)
2624.838
9 0.049304 0.002779 0.027785 OK
5249.677
9 0.098607 0.005557 0.055570 OK
7874.516
8 0.147911 0.008336 0.083356 OK
10499.35
6 0.197215 0.011114 0.111141 OK
13124.19
5 0.246518 0.013893 0.138926 OK

b) Horizontal Mode of Vibration

Damping
Total Wt. ro Bx ao Ratio Kx ωn ω/ωn
(kg) (cm) (ηx) (kg/cm) (cps)
26248.38 104.5226
9 186.6948 0.467 0.421499 292317.174 3 1.803

Qo Qo/kx Ax
Check
(kg) (cm) (cm) (mm)
2624.838
9 0.008979 0.003305 0.033045 OK
5249.677
9 0.017959 0.006609 0.066091 OK
7874.516
8 0.026938 0.009914 0.099136 OK
10499.35
6 0.035918 0.013218 0.132181 OK
13124.19
5 0.044897 0.016523 0.165227 OK

c) Rocking Mode of Vibration

Total Wt. ro Bψ Iψ Damping Kψ ωn ω/ωn
 Ratio
(kg) (cm) kg.cm.sec2 (ηψ) (kg.cm) (cps)
26248.38 198.349988 905075857 3852.144 0.048932
9 7 0.065 609.93 0.5533 3 7 6

Qo Qo/kψ Aψ
Check
(kg.cm) (rad) (rad) (mm)
2624.838 2.90013E- 2.90282E- 0.00014514
9 07 07 1 OK
5249.677 5.80026E- 5.80564E- 0.00029028
9 07 07 2 OK
7874.516 8.70039E- 8.70846E- 0.00043542
8 07 07 3 OK
10499.35 1.16005E- 1.16113E- 0.00058056
6 06 06 4 OK
13124.19 1.45007E- 1.45141E- 0.00072570
5 06 06 5 OK

d) Yawning Mode of Vibration

Damping
Total Wt. ro Bθ Iθ Ratio Kθ ωn ω/ωn
(kg) (cm) kg.cm.sec2 (ηθ) (kg.cm) (cps)
26248.38 189.764057 0.27355846 1.1888E+1 252.2238 0.747334
9 1 0.414 186874.14 8 0 7 3

To Qo/kθ Aθ
Check
(kg.cm) (rad) (rad) (mm)
2624.838 2.20791E- 3.66918E- 0.00018345
9 07 07 9 OK
5249.677 4.41582E- 7.33835E- 0.00036691
9 07 07 8 OK
7874.516 6.62373E- 1.10075E- 0.00055037
8 07 06 7 OK
10499.35 8.83163E- 1.46767E- 0.00073383
6 07 06 5 OK
13124.19 1.10395E- 1.83459E- 0.00091729
5 06 06 4 OK

References
[1] NBC 105 (2020): Nepal national building code
[2] IS:875 (Part 1) – (1987) Code of practice for design loads (other than earthquake) for
buildings and structures, part 1, dead loads – unit weight of building materials and stored
materials (second revision)
[3] IS:875 (Part 2) – (1987) Code of practice for design loads (other than earthquake) for
buildings and structures, part 2 imposed load (second revision)
[4] IS 456:2000 Code of practice for plain and reinforced concrete (fourth revision)
[5] Bowles, J. E. (1988). Foundation analysis and design.
[6] Murthy, V. N. S. (2002). Geotechnical engineering: principles and practices of soil
mechanics and foundation engineering. CRC press.
[7] IS 1893 (Part 1) – (2016) Criteria for earthquake resistant design, part 1, general
provisions and buildings

17
[8] IS 1893 (Part 2) – (2014) Criteria for earthquake resistant design, part 2, liquid retaining
tanks
[9] IS 1893 (Part 3) – (2014) Criteria for earthquake resistant design, part 2, bridges and
retaining walls
[10] SP 7 – (2005) National building code of India
[11] IS 1786 – (2008) High strength deformed steel bars and wires for concrete reinforcement
[12] Subramanian, N. (2013). Design of reinforced concrete structures. Oxford University
Press.
[13] IS SP 16 – (1980) Design Aids for Reinforced Concrete.
[14] Manual for Design and Detailing of Reinforced Concrete to the Code of Practice for
Structural Use of Concrete 2013 (Hong Kong Code)

18