Chapter 2 Static Characteristic
Chapter 2 Static Characteristic
CHAPTER 2:
• Environmental factor
• Sensor characteristic
• Economic factor
SENSOR AND ACTUATOR
Sensor characteristic
Static characteristic
SENSOR AND ACTUATOR
1. Definition
• The set of criteria defined for the instruments,
which are used to measure the quantities which are
slowly varying with time or mostly constant, i.e.,
do not vary with time, is called ‘static
characteristics’.
• Range
• Sensitivity
• Resolution
• Hysteresis
SENSOR AND ACTUATOR
• Linearity/Non-linearity
• Repeatability
• Threshold
• Drift
• Stability
• Tolerance
• Error
SENSOR AND ACTUATOR
A. Range
FSI=xmax xmin
xmax
Dynamic range=20log( )
xmin
SENSOR AND ACTUATOR
B. Sensitivity
Output
y
FSO S=
x 𝛥𝑦
𝛥𝑥
Offset
Input
FSI
SENSOR AND ACTUATOR
C. Resolution
Output
200mV
300mV
Input
0.1Kpa
SENSOR AND ACTUATOR
Resolution=0.6V
Output
600mV
500mV
200mV
Input
0.1Kpa
SENSOR AND ACTUATOR
Example:
S=10mV/C Resolution=30mV
Input=0-50oC Input range=0-1V
D. Accuracy
y m yt
Percentage of reading (%)= 100%
yt
y m yt
Percentage of full scale (%)= 100%
FSO
Where ym is the measurement value, yt is the true
value or expected value and FSO is full scale
output.
SENSOR AND ACTUATOR
Output
True value
Input
SENSOR AND ACTUATOR
E. Precision
F. Reproducibility
Example:
Example:
Presure sensor (mV)
Trail No
A B C
1 10.02 11.5 10
2 10.96 11.53 10.03
3 11.2 11.52 10.02
4 9.39 11.47 9.93
5 10.5 11.42 9.92
6 10.94 11.51 10.01
7 9.02 11.58 10.08
8 9.47 11.5 10
9 10.08 11.43 9.97
10 9.32 11.48 9.98
Maximum 11.2 11.58 10.08
Average 10.09 11.494 9.994
Minimum 9.02 11.42 9.92
SENSOR AND ACTUATOR
Example:
Sensor A
11.5
11.2
10.96 10.94
11
10.5
10.5
10.08
10.02
10
Output
9.47
9.5 9.39
9.32
9.02
9
8.5
8
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
Number of trial
SENSOR AND ACTUATOR
Example:
Sensor B
12
11
10.5
Output
10
9.5
8.5
8
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
Number of trial
SENSOR AND ACTUATOR
Example:
Sensor C
11
10.8
10.6
10.4
10.2
Output
10.08
10 10.03 10.02 10.01 10 9.97 9.98
10 9.93 9.92
9.8
9.6
9.4
9.2
9
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
Number of trial
SENSOR AND ACTUATOR
Example:
Measured average
Measured value
Random error
Systematic error
Or biased error
Trial No
SENSOR AND ACTUATOR
G. Hysteresis
yincrease ydecrease
Hysteresis h(%)= 100%
ytrue
yincrease ydecrease
Hysteresis h(%)= 100%
FSO
SENSOR AND ACTUATOR
Example:
I. Linearity/ Non-linearity
y measurement yLinear
Linearity L(%)= 100%
FSO
SENSOR AND ACTUATOR
Example:
Maximum
nonlinearity
Output (%FSO)
Example:
Maximum
Output (%FSO) nonlinearity
Terminal-based line
I. Threshold
J. Drift
Example:
Zero drift
Ideal characteristic
Example:
Sensitivity drift
Ideal characteristic
Sensitivity drift
K. Stability
L. Tolerance
M. Error
END