Timber and Steel Design

Lecture 13 Welded Connections I

Advantages of Welding

Types of Welding

Welding Symbols

Groove & Fillet Welds

Allowable Strength of Welds

Slot and Back Welds

Mongkol JIRAVACHARADET
SURANAREE INSTITUTE OF ENGINEERING
UNIVERSITY OF TECHNOLOGY SCHOOL OF CIVIL ENGINEERING
Advantages of Welding
- Economic : save gusset and spice plates

- Applicability : such as connection of steel pipe column

- Rigidity & Continuity : strong joint makes one-pieces construction

- Easier to make changes during construction

- Relative silence

Disadvantages of Welding
- Fatique
- Inspection Cost
Welding Process

Electric arc produces 3600oC

between section to be welded
and the electrode.

Filler and Base metal are melt in a weld pool and join into one
homogeneous solid

Arc is shielded by slag to protect molten metal from air

Welding Inspection

1. Visual inspection

2. Liquid penetrants

3. Magnetic particles

4. Ultrasonic testing

5. Radiographic procedures
Classification of Welds
Types of welds made:

Fillet welds Groove welds

Slot welds Plug welds

Fillet welds
Classification of Welds
Positions of welds:

Horizontal
Vertical
weld
weld Overhead
welds

Flat weld
Types of joint:

Lap Butt

Tee Edge Corner

 FILLET WELD
Throat size

Troat size = 0.707 × Leg size

Root
Leg size

Weld face Weld face

Theoretical face
Leg Theoretical throat
Theoretical throat

Root Leg

(a) Convex (b) Concave


  
#$,-" 

  

'(
#)    
*  
F * + &$ 

  !"#
A   



  


#&   

R


S(E) $  L-P
 T
  



 
Reference line & Arrow

Arrow side & Other side

below=arrow and above=other arrow other

side side

Weld-all-around
The open circle at the
arrow/reference line junction

 &
 



 

 







 

 
Fillet Welds - For lap joints, corner joints and T joints

- Triangular in cross-section

Transverse fillet weld Longitudinal fillet weld

Example of Fillet Welds
8 mm

8 8 mm

Symbol As built

10 mm

6 mm
6 x 10

Symbol As built
Example of Fillet Welds

8 mm 8 mm
8 15
15 cm

Symbol As built

6 mm

6 mm
6 5-10

5 cm 10 cm

Symbol As built
 - Commonly used to make edge-to-edge joints
Groove Welds
8 mm max.

(a)

Reinforcement

(b) (c)

Reasons for having reinforcement:

(a) To take care of pits and other irregularities
(b) Too difficult to make weld surface equal to material

Land

(a) (b)
Spacer

(c) (d)
Types of Groove Weld
3
Square groove weld
"groove" is created by either a tight fit
or a slight separation of the edges. The
amount of separation, if any, is given on
the weld symbol. 3 mm

V-groove weld, in which the edges of both pieces are chamfered, either
singly or doubly
3

60o 60o

60o 60o

3 mm
If the depth of the V is not the full thickness--or half the thickness in the
case of a double V--the depth is given to the left of the weld symbol.
o
10 60
6 10
60o

60o 60o
6 mm 10 mm

10 mm
60o

The bevel groove weld, in which the 40o

edge of one of the pieces is chamfered
and the other is left square.
40o
 60o
15

The U-groove weld, in which the edges

of both pieces are given a concave
treatment.
15 mm

60o

15
The J-groove weld, in which the edge of 40o
one of the pieces is given a concave
treatment and the other is left square.
40o
15 mm
The flare-V groove weld, commonly used to join two round or curved parts.
The intended depth of the weld itself are given to the left of the symbol, with
the weld depth shown in parentheses.

25 (16)

16 25

The flare bevel groove weld, commonly used to join a round or curved
piece to a flat piece.
20 (10)

10 mm
20 mm

20 mm
10 mm
 - Used to join overlapping members, one of which has
Plug & Slot Welds holes in it.

- Weld metal is deposited in the holes and penetrates

and fuses with the base metal.
Det. B
22 8 25 15 8-12
(3) (2)

25
Det. B
8 cm

22 mm 25 mm
12 cm
8 8 cm
8

15 mm

Section thru plug Section thru plug

 

45o

Throat = 0.707 × leg

P P

(a)     (b)     

  

For equal leg fillet weld:

Leg
at Throat = Leg × sin 45o = 0.707 Leg
hro
T
45o

Leg

! "" : Fv = 0.30 Fu

$   !%: P = Fv (0.707) (



   E60: Fu = 60 ksi = 4,200 kg/cm2


   E70: Fu = 70 ksi = 4,900 kg/cm2

    13.3 $   (../(.)

 
E60 E70
(..)
3 267 310
5 445 520
6 530 620
8 710 830
10 890 1040
12 1070 1250
16 1425 1660

E70 leg 5 mm: 0.707 (0.5) (0.3) (4,900) = 520 kg/cm

-
 

1) Min. length of fillet weld ≥ 4 leg size

≥4x
x
2) Max. weld size : t = Material
- t ≤ 6 mm, weld size = t thickness

- t > 6 mm, weld size = t - 2 mm Weld

size
3) Min. weld size :

Material thickness Min. size

t ≤ 6 mm 3 mm

6 mm < t ≤ 12 mm 5 mm

12 mm < t ≤ 19 mm 6 mm

t ≤ 19 mm 8 mm
-
  ( !)

4) End return length ≥ 2 weld size

End
P P
Return

5) Longitudinal fillet: weld length ≥ weld distance

weld distance ≥ 20 cm

Weld
distance
P

Weld length

6) Min. lap joint ≥ 5 thickness ≥ 25 mm

P
P
t
33"4
  13-1 - .  (+$* & .
#'
A36, #

3* E70 *# 
* 7 10 .
15 cm PL 2 x 20

P 20 cm P

10 mm

!" #$ 
:;#
# 10 .. = 1,040 ./?.

* )   
 = (15+20+15)(1,040)/1,000 = 52 $
* )  *"
#' = (2 x 20)(0.60 x 2.5) = 60 $
P = 52 
  13-2  
#' A36 *##
 E70 * 
* 7

7  $ +
'  *"
#' 1 x 10 ?. $* &
PL 1 x 10

P P

!" P = (1.0)(10)(0.6)(2.5) = 15 $

 
I+ = 10 J 2 = 8 .,  

#'+ = 5 .
' (  - . 8 . #$   
 = 830 ./?.
  
  = 15(1,000)/830 = 18 ?.

# G  2 x 0.8 = 1.6 ?. (' ( 2 ).)
  
*# = 18/2-2 = 7.0 ?. (' ( 10 ).)
 Slot and Back Welds
when welds length not sufficient
L Slot weld
P P
load
L=
(width)(allowable stress)
Weld on back
15 cm
of channel
-(" 0.
" 0 1 2113. 4 :
1. 6 ( - 4 G *"
#'  8 . *#G
 2 14

 

2. - .    $ *"
#'G
 16 .,  

$ 
*"
#' *# $ *"
#' 16 .,  
G  ))
*"
#'  16 .
3. 6   
3.- 4 (
$ 
 

  13-3 * 
* 7
7$  C380x54.5 $
*"
#'$* & $ + 80 $  #
 E70 $ 
 .  *"
#'G
7  15 ?.
(
 ($ *#G .

 #$$ G
C380x54.5 (tw=10.5 mm) Slot weld
80 t 80 t

Weld on back 15 cm
!"
(
 ($
of channel
I+ 
 = tw J 2 = 10.5 J 2 = 8.5 . (' ( 8 ..)
#$ 
 8 . = 830 ./?.
  
  = 80(1,000)/830 = 96 ?. > 68 ?. 
.' (  211 4 
  + &  = 10.5 + 8 = 18.5 .
+ &  = 2 1/4 x  

= (2.25)(tw  ) = 2.25(10.5)
= 24 . (' ( 25 .)

#$ 
* 7 8 .=(830)(15+15+38-2.5)/1,000=54.4 $

$ +  $  
 &  = 80 J 54.4 = 25.6 $
  &  = 25.6/(2.5 x 0.30 x 4.9) = 7.2 ?. (' ( 7.5 ).)
 +   = 10(1.05) = 10.5 ?. > 7.5 ?. OK
' (  211 4 - . 2.5 x 7.5 ).