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Physical Science Q4 LESSON 8

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14 views29 pages

Physical Science Q4 LESSON 8

Uploaded by

habulinngbakla6969
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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PHYSICAL

SCIENCE
Photon Concept
and Its Practical
Application
QUARTER 4– LESSON 8
LEARNING OBJECTIVE
Explain how the photon concept and the fact that the energy of a photon is
directly proportional to its frequency can be used to explain why red light is
used in photographic dark rooms, why we get easily sunburned in
ultraviolet light but not in visible light, and how we see colors
(S11/12PS-IVf-61)

At the end of the lesson, students will be able to:


• explain how photon theory accounts for photoelectric effect and atomic
spectra;
• explain how the photon concept can be used to explain photographic dark
rooms, sunburns, and our perception of colors.
1. In what ways can light’s behavior be described?

a. Curve and linear motions


b. Projectile motion
c. Waves and particles
d. Waves and shadows
2. A sheet of paper is illuminated with white light
(ROYGBIV). It is capable of absorbing ROYBIV. What
color does the paper reflect and what is the color of
the paper?

a. blue
b. green
c. red
d. yellow
3. Who proposed that light is composed of particles
that are travelling in a straight line?

a. Christiaan Huygens
b. Louis de Broglie
c. Max Planck
d. Sir Isaac Newton
4. What term refers to the bouncing off of light waves
when they hit an obstacle?

a. diffraction
b. reflection
c. refraction
d. transmission
5. A student placed a pencil in a glass of water as in
the figure at the right. Why did the pencil appear to be
broken?

a. Light always travels in a straight line.


b. Light makes the water evaporate into the air.
c. Light reflects the pencil on the water’s surface.
d. Light bends when it passes through changing
medium like air and water.
Photon
• It is the smallest discrete
amount or quantum of
electromagnetic radiation.

• It is the basic unit of light.


Photon
Photons are continuously
in motion and travel in a
vacuum at a constant
Albert Einstein speed of 3.0 x 108 m/s.
Photons are always
electrically neutral; and
have no electrical charge.

Gilbert N. Lewis
A. Particle Nature of Light

Light behaves mainly like a


wave and consist of tiny
packages of energy known as
photons.
Its energy depends on its
wavelength.
A. Particle Nature of Light
Blackbody Radiation

Blackbody radiation is a term used


to describe the relationship
between an object’s temperature
and the wavelength of
electromagnetic radiation it emits.
A. Particle Nature of Light
Blackbody Radiation
The wavelength (i.e. color) of radiant energy emitted by a
blackbody depends only on its temperature, its surface or
composition.
Particle Nature of Light
Blackbody Radiation

Planck equation:
It is given as E=hf
E here is the energy of radiation;
h is the Planck’s constant (6.626 X 10-34Js)
f is the frequency (in Hertz)
Particle Nature of Light
Photoelectric Effect

The photoelectric effect is the result


of collisions between photons and
electrons that knock the electrons
out of the metal.
The electron that gets kicked out of
the metal gets its energy from that
photon. Some of energy is used to
break the electron from the metal.
Particle Nature of Light
Atomic Spectra

Atomic spectra are the spectrum of


frequencies of electromagnetic
radiation emitted or absorbed in
transitions of electrons between
energy levels within an atom.
Particle Nature of Light
Atomic Spectra
The set of frequencies of electromagnetic spectrum emitted by excited
atom is referred to as the atomic emission spectra. Every element emits a
specific energy and wavelength producing a unique set of banding pattern;
thus, we can say that atomic spectra serves as fingerprints of every
element.

• Wavelength (λ) in nanometers


• Figure1. Emission spectrum of hydrogen atom
B. Relationship of Wavelength and Energy

Wavelength can be expressed using the equation c= λf where c is


the speed of light, λ is the wavelength and f is the frequency.
B. Relationship of Wavelength and Energy
C. Practical Application of Photon Theory

Why is red light commonly used in dark


room?

Darkrooms used red lighting to allow


photographers to control light
carefully, so that light-sensitive
photographic paper would not
become overexposed and ruin the
pictures during the developing
process.
C. Practical Application of Photon Theory
C. Practical Application of Photon Theory
Why do people get easily sunburned by
ultraviolet (UV) light but not by visible
light?

The energy of photons is


proportional to their frequency.
Ultraviolet light has a higher
frequency than visible light which
indicates that it has higher energy
also. This means that UV is
sufficiently energetic to cause skin
damage while visible light is not.
Particle Nature of Light
Electromagnetic spectrum
C. Practical Application of Photon Theory

How do human eyes perceive colors?

Light travels into the eye to the retina,


located on the back of the eye. The
retina is covered with millions of light
receptive cells known as rods and
cones.
C. Practical Application of Photon Theory

How do human eyes perceive colors?

• L cone is photosensitive to red (long


wavelength)
• M cone is photosensitive to green
(middle wavelength)
• S cone is photosensitive to blue
(short wavelength)
Spectral sensitivity curve of the cones of the human eye
Say TRUE is the statement is correct and FALSE if it is not.

1. In what ways can light’s behavior be described?


2. Blackbody radiation is a term used to describe the relationship
between an object’s temperature, and wavelength of
electromagnetic radiation it emits.
3. Wein’s Displacement Law is a formula to determine the
spectral energy density of the emission at each wavelength (E
λ
) at a particular absolute temperature (T).
4. The wavelength of radiant energy by a blackbody depends
only on its temperature and not its surface or composition.
5. An excited state of an atom is a state where its potential
energy is lower than the ground state.
Short Essay Questions
Directions: Answer the following questions briefly.
Write your answers on a separate sheet of paper.
Why is ultraviolet radiation commonly used
1.

in sanitizing hospital and operating rooms?


Using the photon theory, explain how atomic
2.

spectra are formed.

• Give the contribution of Max Planck and Albert


Einstein in the current understanding of the
particle nature of light.

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