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Lecture 01 (CNC Inro & Classification)

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0% found this document useful (0 votes)
12 views34 pages

Lecture 01 (CNC Inro & Classification)

Uploaded by

Dilshan Sampath
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Introduction to CNC Machining

• Course Outline
Introduction & CNC Process
1. Manufacturing Process
2. What is machining?
3. Manual Machining (Lathe/Milling/Single Point Cutting)
4. What is CAD/CAM/CNC?
5. History of CNC
6. Machine Construction in detail (Ball Screw/Linear Bearing/Servo
Motors)
7. CNC Machining Centers Classifications
8. How to Select CNC machine
1). Manufacturing Process

Primary Secondary
•Casting Process
•Forging Process
•Rolling Process
Subtractive(-) Additive(+)
•Drawing Process •Powder Bed Fusion
•Extrusion Process Machining •Directed Energy Deposition
•Bending Process •Binder Jetting
Conventional Non Conventional •Sheet Lamination
CNC Laser •Material Extrusion
Manual Machining CNC Machining CNC Plasma •Material Jetting (3D Printing)
Lathe CNC EDM •Vat Photopolymerization
CNC Lathe
Milling CNC Milling CNC Water Jet Cutting
Grinding CNC Grinding
What is conventional machining?
Machining is a subtractive manufacturing process that involves the
use of cutting tools, discs, abrasive wheels, and more to remove
excess material from a workpiece.

• Grinding
• 3D Printing
• Drilling
• Stereo Lithography
• Milling
• Sintering
Manual Machining (Lathe/Milling)

Manual Milling Machining

Manual Lathe Machining


History
The first NC machines were built in the 1940s and 1950s, based on
existing tools that were modified with motors that moved the tool or part
to follow points fed into the system on punched tape. These
early servomechanisms were rapidly augmented with analog and digital
computers, creating the modern CNC machine tools that have
revolutionized machining processes

The first CNC machine was credited to James Parsons in 1949. Parsons
was a computer pioneer who worked on an Air Force Research Project.
The research was on how to produce helicopter blades and better aircraft skin.
Advantages of CNC Machines
• CNC Machining Produces Little to No Waste.
• Zero Defects and Greater Accuracy.
• Faster and Efficient Production.
• Enhanced Personnel Safety.
• Reduction in Energy Consumption.
• CNC Machining Leads to Lower Production Costs.
What is CAD/CAM/CNC?
CNC (Computer Numeric Control)

•Master CSM
•GibbsCAM
•Fusion 360
•SolidWorks CAM
•NX CAM
CAD (Computer-Aided Design) •SolidCAM

•SolidWorks CAM (Computer-Aided Manufacturing) Sinumerik


•Inventor Funuc
•Catia Haas
•Auto CAD Mitsubishi
•Siemense NX
CNC Subtractive
rapid prototyping
method
Machine Construction in detail

• Ball Screw / Ball nut


• Linear bearing / Linear guide
• Servo Motors / Drive
• CNC Controller
Guide Ways

Sliding guide Linear Bearing


• Sliding friction • Rolling friction
Ball Screw / Rack and Pinion

Ball Screw Screw / Ball nut Rack & Pinion


Lead Screw
Rack and Pinion
Servo Motor
Stepper Motor
CNC Controller
Main Components of CNC
Retrofitted CNC Machines
CNC Machining Centers Classifications
1. Vertical Machining Centers
1. Vertical Milling
a) Three Axis Milling (X,Y,Z)
b) Four Axis Milling (X,Y,Z,A)
c) Five Axis Milling (X,Y,Z,A,C)
2. Vertical Turning
a) Two Axis Turning (X,Z)
b) Three Axis Turning (X,Z,C)

2. Horizontal Machining Centers


1. Horizontal Milling
a) Three Axis Milling ( X,Y,Z)
b) Four Axis Milling (X,Y,Z,A)
2. Horizontal Turning
a) Two Axis Turning (X,Z)
b) Three Axis Turning (X,Z,C)
c) Four Axis Turning (X,Z,C,Y)
CNC Machining Centers Classifications

3. Multi Axis Machining


1. Universal Machines
2. Mill-Turn Machines
3. Sliding Head Machines
1.Vertical Machining Center (VMC)
1. Vertical Milling
a). Three axis milling (X,Y,Z)
1.Vertical Machining Centers
2.Vertical Milling
b). Four Axis Milling (X,Y,Z,A)
1.Vertical Machining Centers
1). Vertical Milling
c). Five Axis Milling (X,Y,Z,A,C) (X,Y,Z,B,C)
1. Vertical Machining Centers
2. Vertical Turning
a). Two Axis Turning (X,Z)
1. Vertical Machining Centers
2. Vertical Turning
b). Three Axis Turning (X,Z,C)
2. Horizontal Machining Centers
1 Horizontal Milling
a). Three Axis Milling ( X,Y,Z)
2. Horizontal Machining Centers
1. Horizontal Milling
b). Four Axis Milling (X,Y,Z,B)
2.Horizontal Machining Centers
2. Horizontal Turning
• Two Axis Turning (X,Z)
2. Horizontal Machining Centers
2. Horizontal Turning
• Three Axis Turning (X,Z,C)
C
2. Horizontal Machining Centers
2. Horizontal Turning
• Four Axis Turning (X,Z,C,Y)
3. Multi Axis Machining
1). Universal Machines
1.Multi Axis Machining
2). Mill-Turn Machines (70% Milling 30% Turning)
1.Multi Axis Machining
3). Sliding Head Machines
How to Select a CNC Machine

How to select a milling machine


https://www.haascnc.com/machines/vertical-mills/vf-smedium/vf-4.htmleries/models/

How to select a Lathe machine

https://www.haascnc.com/machines/lathes/st/models/standard/st-10.html

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