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    IW LabAssignment1

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    Saeessh Patil

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    IW LabAssignment1

    Uploaded by

    Saeessh Patil
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    IW_LabAssignment1

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    2 views6 pages

    IW LabAssignment1

    Uploaded by

    Saeessh Patil

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as docx, pdf, or txt
    of 6

    Name – Aditya Patil

    Roll No-PA02
    PRN-1032210569
    Batch-A1

    Course: IT Workshop Course Code: CET1066B

    ASSIGNMENT NO: 1

    Title: Introduction to Matlab and various Image Arithmetic and Logical Operations on
    Image using MATLAB

    Aim: To implement various Image Arithmetic and Logical Operations on Image using
    MATLAB
    Objectives:
    1. To become familiar with Matlab environment.
    2. To study basic Image Arithmetic and Logical Operations on Image
    Theory (Describe the following):
    ● Key Features of MATLAB for Image Processing.
    1. MATLAB is a powerful tool for image processing, offering a range of features
    that make it suitable for this purpose:
    2. Image Processing Toolbox:
    a. Functions and Apps: Provides tools for image segmentation,
    enhancement, noise reduction, geometric transformations, and image
    registration.
    b. Interactive Tools: Allows for region-of-interest (ROI) operations,
    thresholding, and more through user-friendly interfaces.
    3. Image Acquisition and Visualization:
    a. Support for Various Formats: Handles common image file formats like
    JPEG, PNG, TIFF, BMP, and more.
    b. Image Visualization: Offers functions for displaying images, adjusting
    contrast, and creating histograms.
    4. Filtering and Transformations:
    a. Spatial and Frequency Domain Filters: Includes convolution, Gaussian
    filtering, Fourier transform, and wavelet transforms for image smoothing,
    sharpening, and noise reduction.
    b. Morphological Operations: Provides dilation, erosion, opening, closing,
    and other operations for shape analysis.
    5. Segmentation and Analysis:
    a. Edge Detection and Thresholding: Functions for detecting edges and
    segmenting images based on intensity values.
    b. Region Properties: Calculates properties of segmented regions like area,
    perimeter, and centroid.
    6. Geometric Transformations:
    a. Affine and Projective Transformations: Tools for rotating, scaling,
    translating, and warping images.
    b. Image Registration: Aligns images from different times or sensors.
    7. Scripting and Automation:
    a. Custom Scripts and Functions: Allows users to write custom scripts and
    functions to automate repetitive tasks.
    b. Batch Processing: Processes multiple images in a loop for large-scale
    analysis.
    8. Integration with Other Tools:
    a. Simulink Integration: Works seamlessly with Simulink for model-based
    design.
    b. Interoperability: Communicates with other programming languages and
    tools, such as Python, C/C++, and Java.

    ● Explain Image Arithmetic and Logical Operations

    Image Arithmetic Operations involve mathematical manipulations performed on the pixel


    values of images. These operations are used to combine, enhance, or analyze images in
    various ways.

    1. Addition:
    ○ Formula: Ioutput=I1+I2I_{output} = I_1 + I_2Ioutput=I1+I2
    ○ Use: Brightening images, creating composite images, and enhancing
    features.
    2. Subtraction:
    ○ Formula: Ioutput=I1−I2I_{output} = I_1 - I_2Ioutput
    =I1−I2
    ○ Use: Detecting changes between images, motion detection, and
    background subtraction.
    3. Multiplication:
    ○ Formula: Ioutput=I1×I2I_{output} = I_1 \times I_2Ioutput=I1×I2
    ○ Use: Adjusting contrast, masking, and blending images.
    4. Division:
    ○ Formula: Ioutput=I1/I2I_{output} = I_1 / I_2Ioutput=I1/I2
    ○ Use: Normalizing images, correcting illumination, and ratio-based
    enhancement.

    Image Logical Operations

    Image Logical Operations involve pixel-wise logical operations between binary images
    or between a binary image and a mask. These operations are essential for tasks like
    segmentation, masking, and feature extraction.
    1. AND Operation:
    ○ Formula: Ioutput=I1∧I2I_{output} = I_1 \land
    I_2Ioutput=I1∧I2
    ○ Use: Isolating common regions between two images, noise reduction.
    2. OR Operation:
    ○ Formula: Ioutput=I1∨I2I_{output} = I_1 \lor
    I_2Ioutput=I1∨I2
    ○ Use: Combining regions of interest from multiple images.
    3. XOR Operation:
    ○ Formula: Ioutput=I1⊕I2I_{output} = I_1 \oplus
    I_2Ioutput=I1⊕I2
    ○ Use: Highlighting differences between images, edge detection.
    4. NOT Operation:
    ○ Formula: Ioutput=¬II_{output} = \neg IIoutput=¬I
    ○ Use: Inverting binary images, creating negative images.

    Platform:
    ● Matlab

    Code:
    clc;

    %clear all;

    close all;

    %We will perform arithmetic operations on images.

    %First read 2 images

    x=imread('image1.jpg');

    y=imread('image2.jpg');

    %convert these images to black and white and resize the image for
    bitwise

    %operation

    u=rgb2gray(x);

    v=rgb2gray(y);

    m=imresize(u,[256,256]);

    n=imresize(v,[256,256]);

    %displaying the image

    subplot(4,4,1)

    imshow(m);

    title('image1');
    subplot(4,4,2)

    imshow(n);

    title('image2');

    %performing addition

    sum=imadd(m,n);

    subplot(4,4,3)

    imshow(sum);

    title('Arithmetic Addition');

    %performing subtraction

    diff1=imsubtract(m,n);

    subplot(4,4,4)

    imshow(diff1);

    title('Img1 - Img2');

    diff2=imsubtract(n,m);

    subplot(4,4,5)

    imshow(diff2);

    title('Img2 - Img1');

    %Performing multiplication

    m1=im2double(m);

    n1=im2double(n);

    mul=immultiply(m1,n1);

    subplot(4,4,6)

    imshow(mul);

    title('Multiplied Image');

    %performing division

    div1=imdivide(m1,n1);

    subplot(4,4,7)

    imshow(div1);

    title('Div of img1 by img2');

    div2=imdivide(n1,m1);

    subplot(4,4,8)

    imshow(div2);
    title('Div of img2 by img1');

    %performing logical operations

    %Logical AND

    and=bitand(m,n);

    subplot(4,4,9)

    imshow(and);

    title('Logical AND');

    %Logical OR

    or=bitor(m,n);

    subplot(4,4,10)

    imshow(or);

    title('OR operation');

    %Logical NOT

    not1=bitcmp(m); %bitwise complement

    subplot(4,4,11)

    imshow(not1);

    title('Complement of Img 1');

    not2=bitcmp(n); %bitwise complement

    subplot(4,4,12)

    imshow(not2);

    title('Complement of Img 2');

    %Logical XOR

    xor=bitxor(m,n);

    subplot(4,4,13)

    imshow(xor);

    title('EX OR operation');

    %Logical NAND

    nand=bitcmp(and);

    subplot(4,4,14)

    imshow(nand);

    title('Logical Nand');

    %Logical NOR
    nor=bitcmp(or);

    subplot(4,4,15)

    imshow(nor);

    title('NOR operation');

    %Logical EX NOR

    xnor=bitcmp(xor);

    subplot(4,4,16)

    imshow(xnor);

    title('EX NOR operation');

    OUTPUT

    Conclusion:
    This assignment helped to understand the working environment of Matlab and various
    Image Arithmetic and Logical Operations.

    FAQs:
    1. What is MATLAB and what is it used for?
    2. What are image arithmetic operations and why are they important?
    3. What are image logical operations and how are they useful?

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