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Assignment - Solution 1

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Assignment - Solution 1

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parmodrtk
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© © All Rights Reserved
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Assignment_Solution:1

1. A heat rate of 3 kW is conducted through a section of an


insulating material of cross-sectional area 10 m2 and
thickness 2.5 cm. If the inner (hot) surface temperature is
415ºC and the thermal conductivity of the material is 0.2
W/m·K, what is the outer surface temperature?
(1 mark)
a) 300ºC
b) 378ºC
c) 350ºC
d) 390ºC
Ans:-Option (b)

Solution:-
KNOWN: Heat rate, q, through one-dimensional wall of
area A, thickness L, thermal conductivity k and inner
temperature, T1.
FIND: The outer temperature of the wall, T2.
SCHEMATIC:

ASSUMPTIONS:(1)One-dimensional conduction in the x-


direction, (2) Steady-state conditions, (3) Constant
properties.
ANALYSIS :The rate equation for conduction through the
wall is given by Fourier’s law,

qcond = qx = qx’’·A
 T2
= -k dT ·A  kA T 1
·
dx L

solving for T2 gives

q L
T2 = T1 - cond .
kA

Substituting numerical value, find

3000W  0.025m
T2 = (415+273)K -
0.2W / m·K  10m 2

T2 = (415+273)K – 37.5 K

T2 = 650.5K = 377.50C
= 378ºC.

2. The S.I. unit of thermal diffusivity ‘  ’ is _______.


(1 mark)
a) m2/s b)m/s2
c) m/s d)m s
Solution:-
The S.I. unit of thermal diffusivity is m2/s.
3. The heat flux thought a wood slab 50 mm thick, whose
inner and outer surface temperature are 40oC and 20ºC,
respectively, has been determined to be 40 W/m2. What is
the thermal conductivity of the wood?
(2 marks)

a) 0.20 W/mK
b) 0.15 W/mK
c) 0.10 W/mK.
d) 0.01 W/mK
Ans:-Option (c)
Solution:-
KNOWN: Heat flux and surface temperatures associated
with a wood slab of prescribed thickness.
FIND: Thermal conductivity k of the wood.
SCHEMATIC:

ASSUMPTIONS:(1) One-dimensional conduction in the x-


direction, (2) Steady-state conditions,
ANALYSIS: Subject to the foregoing assumptions, the
thermal conductivity may be determined from Fourier’s law.
Rearranging,
'' L W 0.05m
K = qx  40 2
T1  T2 m 313  293K

K = 0.10 W/m·K.

4. The composite wall of an oven consists of three materials A,


B and C, as shown in figure below. Thermal conductivities
kA =20 W/m·K and kc = 50 W/m. K. and thickness, LA =
0.30 m and LC = 0.15m. The third material B, which is
sandwiched between material A and C, is of known
thickness, LB = 0.15 m, but unknown thermal conductivity
kB.

Under steady-state operating conditions, measurement


reveal an outer surface temperature of Ts,o = 20ºC, an inner
surface temperature of Ts,i = 600ºC, and an oven air
temperature of T∞ = 800ºC. The inside convection
coefficient h is known to be 25 W/m · K. What is the value of
kB?
(2 marks)
a) 1.53 W/m.K
b) 1.00 W/m.K
c) 1.75 W/m.K
d) 1.75 W/m.K
Ans:-Option (a)
Solution:-
KNOWN:Thicknesses of three materials which form a
composite wall and thermal conductivities of two of the
materials. Inner and outer surface temperatures of the
composite; also, temperature and convection coefficient
associated with adjoining gas.
FIND: Value of unknown thermal conductivity, Kb
SCHEMATIC:

ASSUMPTIONS: (1) Steady-state conditions, (2) One-


dimensional conduction, (3) Constant properties, (4)
Negligible contact resistance, (5) Negligible radiation effects.
ANALYSIS: Referring to the thermal circuit, the heat flux may
be expressed as
T T
(873  293) K
q’’ = L
s, i
L
s, o
L

0.3m 0.15m 0.15m
A B  C  
k k k 20W / m  K k 50W / m  K
A B C B

q’’ = 580
W / m2
0.018  0.15 / k
B …eq.(1)
The heat flux may be obtained from
q’’ = h(T∞-Ts,i) = 25W/m2 ·K(1073 – 873 )K
q’’ = 5000 W/m2. …eq(2)
Substituting for the heat flux from Eq. (2) into Eq. (1), find
0.15 580 580
  0.018   0.018  0.098
k q' ' 5000
B
KB = 1.53W/m·k.

5. Consider a plane composite wall that is composed of two


material of thermal conductivities kA = 0.1 W/m·K and
kB = 0.04 W/m·K and thicknesses LA = 10 mm and LB = 20
mm. The contact resistance at the interface between the two
material is known to be 0.30 m2·K/W. Material A adjoin is
fluid at 200ºC for which h = 10 W/m2 · K, and material B
adjoins a fluid a 40ºC for which h = 20 W/m2 · K. What is
the rate of heat transfer thought a wall that is 2 m high by 2.5
m wide?
(2 marks)
a) 590 W
b) 710 W
c) 762 W
d) 850 W
Ans:- option ( c)

Solution:-
KNOWN: Temperatures and convection coefficients
associated with fluids at inner and outer surfaces of a
composite wall. Contact resistance, dimensions, and thermal
conductivities associated with wall materials.
FIND:(a) Rate of heat transfer through the wall,
SCHEMATIC

ASSUMPTIONS: (1) Steady-state conditions, (2) One-


dimensional heat transfer, (3) Negligible radiation, (4)
Constant properties.
ANALYSIS: (a) Calculate the total resistance to find the heat
rate,
1 L L 1
Rtot =  A R  B 
h A k A t, c k A h A
1 A B 2

 1 0.01 0.3 0.02 1  K


Rtot = 
10  5 0.1  5   
 5 0.04  5 20  5  W

Rtot = 0.02  0.02  0.06  0.10  0.01 K  0.21


K
W W

T
,1 ,2 473  313K
T
q=   762W .
R 0.21K / W
tot

6. The inner and outer surface temperature of a glass window 5


mm thick are 150C and 5ºC. What is the heat loss through a
window having a length and breadth of 3 m and 1 m,
respectively? The thermal conductivity of glass is 1.4 W/m ·
K.
(2 marks)
a) 7800 W
b) 8990 W
c) 8000 W
d) 8400 W
Ans:- Option (d)

Solution:-
KNOWN: Inner and outer surface temperatures of a glass
window of prescribed dimensions.
FIND: Heat loss through window.
SCHEMATIC:

ASSUMPTIONS:(1) One-dimensional conduction in the x-


direction, (2) Steady-state conditions, (3) Constant properties.
ANALYSIS: Subject
to the foregoing conditions the heat flux
may be computed from Fourier’s law,
'' T T
q x =k 1 2
L
'' W 288  278K
q x = 1.4
m·K 0.005m

q = 2800 W/m2
Since the heat flux is uniform over the surface, the heat loss
(rate) is

q=q  A
q = 2800W/m2  3 m2
q = 8400 W.

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