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XI Function 2

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24 views27 pages

XI Function 2

Uploaded by

unik.paudel.official
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Inverse image of an element:

Let f: A→B be a function . Then the inverse image of an element y ∈ B is the set
of elements of A whose image is y. It is denoted by 𝑓 −1 (y) .
∴ 𝑓 −1 (y) = { x : f(x) = y where x ∈ A and y ∈ B }.
Examples: f
0 6
1 7 ∴ 𝑓 −1 (6) = { 0}
2 8
3 9 𝑓 −1 (7) = { 1 , 2 , 3 }
4 10 𝑓 −1 (8) = ϕ
5
A B 𝑓 −1 (9) = { 4 , 5 }
Inverse function:
Let f: A→B be a bijective function i.e. one to one and onto both. Then the inverse
function of f denoted by 𝑓 −1 : B → A , is defined as
𝑓 −1 (y) = x for x ∈ A and y ∈ B.
Example:
Let f : R→R be a function defined as f(x) = 3x+2 , x ∈ R. Find 𝑓 −1 .
Solution:
Given function is f: R→R defined as f(x) = 3x + 2 .
Let y = f(x )
or , y = 3x + 2
Interchanging x and y , we get
x = 3y + 2
or , x – 2 = 3y
𝑥 −2 𝑥 −2 𝑥 −2
or , =y i.e. y = ∴ 𝑓 −1 (x) = .
3 3 3

C.W.
i) Let f : R→R defined by f(x) = 4x -5 , find 𝑓 −1 .
ii) Let f : R→R defined by f(x) = 𝑥 3 + 1, find 𝑓 −1 .
Composition of functions:
f g

x Y= f(x) Z= g(y)
= g(f(x))

A B C
g∘f

Let f: A→ B and g: B → C be two functions. Then the composite function of f and g ,


denoted by g∘f : A→ C is defined as
(g∘f) (x) = g(f(x)) for all x ∈ A.
Similarly, (f∘g) (x) = f(g(x)) for all x.
Example:
Let f: R→R and g: R→R be defined as f(x) = 3x+4 and g(x) = 2x respectively.
∴ (g∘f)(x) = g(f(x)) and , (f∘g)(x) = f(g(x))
= g(3x+4) = f(2x)
= 2(3x+4) = 6x+ 8 = 3(2x) + 4 = 6x+ 4
Properties:
a) Not commutative:
Let f: A→B and g: B→C be two functions so that
f∘g ≠ g∘f
b) Associative:
If f , g and h be three functions then f∘(g∘h)=(f∘g)∘h
c) The composite functions f∘g and g∘f are one to one if both of the functions f and
g are one to one.
Similarly, they are onto if both of the functions f and g are onto.

C.W.
i) Let f:R→R and g: R→R be two functions defined by f(x) = 2x+3 and
g(x) = 3𝑥 2 +1.
Find (f∘g)(x), (g∘f)(x) and (f∘f)(x).
Real valued function:
A function f : A → B is said to be real valued function if B ⊆ R i.e. all image
elements of the function are real numbers.
Examples: f
i) ii) f : R→R defined by f(x) = 3x+5
1 4
2 5 iii) f: R→R defined by f(x) = 𝑥 3
3 6
A B

Properties:
Let f : D→R and g: D→R be two real valued functions and k be a constant. Then
i) (f±g) (x) = f(x)± g(x)
𝑓 𝑓(𝑥)
ii) (fg)(x) = f(x)g(x) vi) (x) = , g(x)≠0
𝑔 𝑔(𝑥)

iii) (f+k)(x)= f(x) + k


iv) (kf)(x) = k f(x)
v) (𝑓 𝑛 )(x) = *𝑓 𝑥 +𝑛

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