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Intro to Data Analytics

Achmad Rozie
Data Analyst at Flip
Wednesday, 11th January 2022
 Outline
Data Analytics

Steps in Data Analysis

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 Data Analytics

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 Data Analytics
(?)

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 Simple definition
Process of examining raw data to extract useful information

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 Steps in Data Analysis
❏ Define problems

❏ Confirm the analysis point first! with your business user ofc.

❏ Find the data

❏ Preprocess the data

❏ Do the analysis

❏ Interpret the result

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 Define Problems

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 What is problem?

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 Problem = Gap

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 Example
❏ You are the manager of a cafe. The sales on Q4 2022 is decreased if compared
with with Q3 2022. The sales is only achieved IDR 100 Mio while the target is
150 Mio.

Ideal Condition:
Sales of cafe is achieved by
IDR 150 Mio on end Q4

Gap:
IDR 50 Mio
Existing Condition:
Sales of cafe is achieved by
IDR 100 Mio on end Q4

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 Remember!

● Good gap / problem is able to be quantified.

● If you can’t measure it, you can’t improve it!

● How if the problem is subjective?

○ try to look the benchmark,
○ or set your own threshold!

● Redefine the problem with your own stakeholder!

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 Define Problems
❏ Related to “why do you do this analysis”?

❏ Refine and realign the problems with all stakeholders

❏ Cutting as much assumptions as possible

❏ Stating the hypotheses

❏ Setting the priority and urgency

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 What are problem statements of these cases?

❏ You are the director of a hospital. Lately you feel that the hospital is more
crowded than usual and the rooms are unusually full, but the number of patients
seems steady from the record. What problem will you need to address to your
analysts?

❏ You are the manager of a cafe. The sales of coffee is decreased 20% if
compared with last month. What problem will you address to your analysts?

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 What metrics can you propose to these cases?

❏ How to rank best students in the class?

❏ How to categorize consumers loyalty?

❏ How to measure our delivery speed?

❏ How to know the users satisfaction?

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 Confirm your analysis point first!

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 Why?

In order to minimize your rework.

Remember, most of analysis is never ending process, we
need to minimize it.

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 How? we can use / optimize through analysis framework!

After you got the problem (gap):

1. Define your analysis point. It can be:
a. Hypotheses,
b. Point that may be affected
c. Factor / event that may cause the problem

2. Discuss with business user

confirm is it enough or is there anything else that not inserted on your
analysis framework

3. Also confirm the constraints

It can be the:
a. the data should we used
b. The time period
c. the condition

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 Analysis Framework Component
Analysis Framework that usually I used is contained of 8 steps problems and problem tree. I
usually divide to 3 things. Problem Setting, Problem Breakdown, Root Cause analysis

1. Problem Setting 3. Root cause Analysis / Problem Tree

2. Problem Breakdown (Optional)

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Example of Analysis Framework (1) - easier to be used
Problem Setting Root cause Analysis / Problem Tree

Ideal Condition
The target sales of Hypotheses 1: There is out of stock
Maxue, branch of Ice at the prime time (material)
Pulogebang is IDR 3
Billion rupiah
Gap
There is IDR 1 billion gap Hypotheses 2 : The online customer
that make this branch is
not reached the target
is slowly response (man, method)
Actual Condition
The sales of Maxue,
branch Pulogebang is Analysis
achieved only IDR 2
Billion rupiah
Hypotheses 3 : Customer receive
bad treatment from the employee
(method)

Hypotheses 4 : Our food quality is

bad (material)
Example of Analysis Framework (2) - more targeted
Problem Setting Root cause Analysis / Problem Tree

Ideal Condition
The target sales of Hypotheses 1: There is out of stock
Maxue, branch of Ice at the prime time (material)
Pulogebang is IDR 3
Billion rupiah
Gap
There is IDR 1 billion gap Hypotheses 2 : The online customer
that make this branch is
not reached the target
is slowly response (man, method)
Actual Condition
The sales of Maxue,
branch Pulogebang is Analysis
achieved only IDR 2
Billion rupiah
Hypotheses 3 : Customer receive
bad treatment from the employee
(method)
2.Food Beverage
Problem Breakdown (Optional)
The food is IDR 200 Mio The food is IDR 800 Mio
below the target below the target Hypotheses 4 : Our food quality of
ice cream is bad (material)
Juice & Latte Ice Cream
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This cluster is achieved 150
mio below the target
This cluster is achieved IDR
550 mio below the target
 Additional tips for “confirm your analysis point first!”

1. At the beginning, usually i write it on a piece of

paper / tab first!
→ help to organize what we want to look for

2. Don’t make it too complex!

→ because the analysis will come and come continuously, we must
finish it quickly (of course still within our work pace)

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 Continue your previous problem definition (5 mins)
At least 3 hypotheses

❏ You are the director of a hospital. Lately you feel that the hospital is more
crowded than usual and the rooms are unusually full, but the number of patients
seems steady from the record. What problem will you need to address to your
analysts?

❏ You are the manager of a cafe. The sales of coffee is decreased 20% if
compared with last month. What problem will you address to your analysts?

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 Find the Data

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 External
Data
Internal Data

❏ Google analytics
❏ Competitors data
❏ Vendors data

❏ App tracking Open

❏ Business logs
❏ Customers data Data
❏ Public holidays
❏ Postal codes
❏ Landmark locations

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 This is what we do, daily …

Raw sources Analytics databases Analytics tools

(Big Query, Google
Sheets, Python, Redash,
Looker, or even your
note)

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 Common issues

❏ Are the data available?

❏ Are the data ready to use?

❏ Are the data reliable?

❏ Are the data restricted?

❏ Are the data condition is right? (underrated but important)

❏ etc

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 Preprocess the Data

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 Data preprocessing

❏ Remove duplicates

❏ Handle anomalies and dirty data

❏ Take action on missing data

❏ Standardize the format and types

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 Do the analysis

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 SQL based Spreadsheet based Coding based

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 Common statistics in data analysis

❏ Count
❏ Count distinct
❏ Sum
❏ Min
❏ Max
❏ Average
❏ Median
❏ Percentile
❏ etc

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 Interpret the Result

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 Problem = Gap. Know the gap first!

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 Problem = Gap. Know the gap first!

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