MOUNT ZION INTERNATIONAL SCHOOL(CBSE)

MATHEMATICS

QUESTION BANK (PREVIOUS YEAR QUESTIONS WITH SOLUTIONS)

CHAPTER 1 – RELATIONS AND FUNCTIONS

SECTION – A(MCQ,AR)

1. A relation in a set A is called ------------ relation, if each element of A is related to itself.

[Ans: Reflexive]. (2020)

2. Relation R in a set A is called as ------------ if (a,b) € R, (b,c) € R then (a,c) € R for a,b,c €
A.

[Ans: Transitive] (2020)

3. The maximum number of equivalence relations on a set A = {1,2,3} is ------- [Ans: (C)]

a) 1 b) 2 c) 3 d) 5

4. If a relation R on a set {1,2,3} be defined by R = {(1,2)} then R is --------------- [Ans:

(C)]

a) Reflexive b) Symmetric c) Transitive d) None of these.

5. Let A = {1,2,3}, relation R = {(1,1), (2,2), (3,3), (1,2), (1,3), (2,3)} is ------------ [Ans:
(A)]

a) Reflexive but not symmetric b) Reflexive but not transitive c) Symmetric and
transitive

d) None

6. If set A contains 5 elements, set B contains 6 elements, then the number of bijective
mappings from A to B is --------- [Ans: (C)]

a) 720 b) 120 c) 0 d) None

{ Hint: The number of one to one and onto mapping from A to B is n! if m=n OR 0 if
m≠n}

7. If A = {1,2,3,4,…….,n} and B = {a,b}, then the number of surjective functions from A to

B is ------- [Ans: (B)]

a) 𝑛2𝑃 b) 𝟐𝒏 − 𝟐 c) 2𝑛 − 1 d) None

{ Hint: The total number of functions from A to B is 𝟐𝒏 . The total number of into
function is 2. The total number of surjective functions is 𝟐𝒏 − 𝟐 }
 ASSERTION AND REASON

Directions: A statement of Assertion (A) is followed by a statement of Reason (R). Mark the
correct choice as:

(A) Both A and R are correct and R is the correct explanation of A.

(B) Both A and R are correct and R is not the correct explanation of A.

(C) A is true and R is false.

(D) A is false and R is true.

1. Let W be the set of words in a dictionary. A relation R is defined as: 𝑅 =

{(𝑥, 𝑦): 𝑊 𝛸 𝑊 𝑠𝑢𝑐ℎ 𝑡ℎ𝑎𝑡 𝑥 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑦 ℎ𝑎𝑣𝑒 𝑎𝑡𝑙𝑒𝑎𝑠𝑡 𝑜𝑛𝑒 𝑙𝑒𝑡𝑡𝑒𝑟 𝑖𝑛 𝑐𝑜𝑚𝑚𝑜𝑛}. [Ans: Option
B]

Assertion(A): R is reflexive.

Reason(R): R is symmetric.

2. Consider the set A = {1,3,5}. [Ans: Option D]

Assertion(A): The number of reflexive relations on a set A is 29 .

Reason(R): A relation is said to be reflexive if 𝑥𝑅𝑥 for all 𝑥€𝐴.

𝟐
{Hint: The total number of reflexive relations in a set is 𝟐𝒏 − 𝒏}.

3. Consider the function f: R→R defined as (𝑥) = 𝑥 3 . [Ans: Option C]

Assertion (A): 𝑓 (𝑥 ) 𝑖𝑠 𝑎 𝑜𝑛𝑒 − 𝑜𝑛𝑒 𝑓𝑢𝑛𝑐𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛.

Reason (R): 𝑓 (𝑥 ) 𝑖𝑠 𝑎 𝑜𝑛𝑒 − 𝑜𝑛𝑒 𝑓𝑢𝑛𝑐𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛 𝑖𝑓 𝑐𝑜 − 𝑑𝑜𝑚𝑎𝑖𝑛 = 𝑟𝑎𝑛𝑔𝑒.

{Hint: 𝒇(𝒙) 𝒊𝒔 𝒂 𝒐𝒏𝒆 − 𝒐𝒏𝒆 𝒇𝒖𝒏𝒄𝒕𝒊𝒐𝒏 𝒊𝒇 𝒇(𝒙𝟏 ) = 𝒇(𝒙𝟐 ) then 𝒙𝟏 = 𝒙𝟐 . Hence R is

false}

4. If A = {1,2,3}, B = {4,5,6,7}. Then f = {(1,4),(2,5),(3,6)} is a function from A to B. [Ans:

Option C]

Assertion (A): 𝑓 (𝑥 ) 𝑖𝑠 𝑎 𝑜𝑛𝑒 − 𝑜𝑛𝑒 𝑓𝑢𝑛𝑐𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛.

Reason (R): 𝑓 (𝑥 ) 𝑖𝑠 𝑎 𝑜𝑛𝑡𝑜 𝑓𝑢𝑛𝑐𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛.

𝑥
5. Consider the function f: R→R defined as (𝑥 ) = . [Ans: Option B]
𝑥 2 +1

Assertion (A): 𝑓 (𝑥 ) 𝑖𝑠 𝑎 𝑛𝑜𝑡 𝑜𝑛𝑒 − 𝑜𝑛𝑒 𝑓𝑢𝑛𝑐𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛.

Reason (R): 𝑓 (𝑥 ) 𝑖𝑠 𝑎 𝑛𝑜𝑡 𝑜𝑛𝑡𝑜 𝑓𝑢𝑛𝑐𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛.

 SECTION – B(2 MARKS)

1. Check if the relation R on the set A = {1,2,3,4,5,6} is defined as 𝑅 = {(𝑥, 𝑦) ∶

𝑦 𝑖𝑠 𝑑𝑖𝑣𝑖𝑠𝑖𝑏𝑙𝑒 𝑏𝑦 𝑥} is (i) symmetric (ii) transitive? (2020)

2. Check if the relation R in a set A is defined as 𝑅 = {(𝑎, 𝑏) ∶ 𝑎 < 𝑏} is (i) symmetric

(ii) transitive?

(2020)

3. If 𝑅1 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑅2 are equivalence relations on a set A, show that 𝑅1 ∩ 𝑅2 is also an

equivalence relation?
4. Let R be a relation on the set A of ordered pairs of positive integers defined by (x,y) R
(u,v) if and only if xv=yu. Show that R is an equivalence relation? [NCERT]

5. Show that the number of equivalence relations in the set {1,2,3} containing (1,2) and (2,1)
is two? [NCERT]
 SECTION – C( 3 MARKS)

1. Prove that the relation R on Z defined by 𝑅 = {(𝑥, 𝑦) ∶ (𝑥 − 𝑦) 𝑖𝑠 𝑑𝑖𝑣𝑖𝑠𝑖𝑏𝑙𝑒 𝑏𝑦 5} is an

equivalence relation? (2020)

𝑥
2. Show that the function f : R→R defined by 𝑓(𝑥) = ¥ 𝑥 ∈ 𝑅 is neither one-one nor
𝑥 2 +1
onto? (2020)
3. Check whether the relation R defined on the set A = {1,2,3,4,5,6} as R = {(a,b) : b=a+1}
is reflexive, symmetric or transitive? (2019)
4. Show that the relation R on a set A defined as R {(a,b) : a≤b} is reflexive, transitive but
not symmetric. (2019)

5. Prove that the function f : N→N defined by f(x) = 𝑥 2 + 𝑥 + 1 is one-one but not onto.
(2019)
 SECTION – D(5 MARKS)

1. Let 𝐴 = {𝑥€𝑍 ∶ 0 ≤ 𝑥 ≤ 12}. Show that 𝑅 = {(𝑎, 𝑏): |𝑎 − 𝑏| 𝑖𝑠 𝑑𝑖𝑣𝑖𝑠𝑖𝑏𝑙𝑒 𝑏𝑦 4} is an

equivalence relation. Find the set of all the elements related to 1. Also find the equivalence
class of [2]? (2018)
 −4 4 4𝑥+3
2. Consider f : R - { } → R - { } given by 𝑓(𝑥) = . Show that f is bijective. (2017)
3 3 3𝑥+4
 3. Consider f : 𝑅+ → [−5, ∞) given by f(x) = 9𝑥 2 + 6𝑥 − 5. Show that f is bijective ?
(2017)
4. Let N denotes the set of natural numbers and R be the relation N x N defined by (a,b) R
(c,d) if ad(b+c) = bc(a+d). Show that R is an equivalence relation? (2015)
 SECTION – E(CASE BASED QUESTIONS)

Read the following text and answer the following questions on the basis of same:

I. Sherlin and Danju are playing Ludo at home during Covid-19. While rolling the dice,
Sherlin sister Raji observed and noted the possible outcomes of the throw every time belongs
to set {1,2,3,4,5,6}. Let A be the set of players while B be the set of all possible outcomes.
Let A = {S,D}, B = {1,2,3,4,5,6}

1. Let R: B→B be defined by 𝑅 = {(𝑥, 𝑦): 𝑦 𝑖𝑠 𝑑𝑖𝑣𝑖𝑠𝑖𝑏𝑙𝑒 𝑏𝑦 𝑥}. Check whether R is

reflexive, symmetric and transitive?
2. Raji wants to know the number of functions from A to B. How many functions are
possible? [Ans: 𝟔𝟐 ]

{Hint: If Set A has m elements, Set B has n elements, then the number of functions
from A to B is 𝒏𝒎 }.

3. Let R be a relation on B defined by R = {(1,2), (2,2), (1,3), (3,4), (3,1), (4,3), (5,5)}.
Check whether R is reflexive, symmetric and transitive? [Ans: Neither reflexive nor
symmetric nor transitive]

4. Raji wants to know the number of relations possible from A to B. How many such
relations possible? [Ans: 𝟐𝟏𝟐 }

{Hint: If set A has m elements, set B has n elements, then the number of relations from
A to B is 𝟐𝒎𝒏 }.

II. An organization conducted bike race under 2 different categories – boys and girls. Totally
there were 250 participants. Among all of them finally three from category 1 and two from
category 2 were selected for the final race. Ravi forms two sets B and G with these
participants for his college project. Let B = {𝑏1 , 𝑏2 , 𝑏3 } and G = {𝑔1 , 𝑔2 } where B represents
the set of boys selected and G the set of girls who were selected for the final race.

Ravi decides to explore these sets for various types of relations and functions.

1. Ravi wishes to form all the relations possible from B to G. How many such relations are
possible? [Ans: 𝟐𝟔 ]

2. Let R: B→B be defined by 𝑅 = {(𝑥, 𝑦): 𝑥 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑦 𝑎𝑟𝑒 𝑠𝑡𝑢𝑑𝑒𝑛𝑡𝑠 𝑜𝑓 𝑠𝑎𝑚𝑒 𝑠𝑒𝑥}, then
check whether R is reflexive, symmetric and transitive?
3. Ravi wants to know among these relations, how many such functions can be formed from
B to G? [Ans: 𝟐𝟑 ]

4. Let R: B→G be defined by R = {(𝑏1 , 𝑔1 ), (𝑏2 , 𝑔2 ), (𝑏3 , 𝑔1 )} then check whether the given
R is injective or surjective or bijective function? [Ans: Surjective]

5. Ravi wants to find the number of injective functions from B to G. How many number of
injective functions are possible? [Ans: 0]

{Hint: If set A has n elements and set B has m elements , if m ≥ n, then the number of
𝒎!
injective functions(one-one) from A to B is given by (𝒎−𝒏)!, otherwise number of
injective functions is 0}

III. Students of Grade 9 has planned to plant saplings along straight lines, parallel to each
other to one side of the playground ensuring that they had enough play area. Let us assume
that they planted one of the rows of the saplings along the line 𝑦 = 𝑥 − 4. Let L be the set of
all lines which are parallel on the ground and R be a relation on L.

1. Let relation R be defined by R = {(𝐿1 , 𝐿2 ): 𝐿1||𝐿2 𝑤ℎ𝑒𝑟𝑒 𝐿1 , 𝐿2 ∈ 𝐿}. Check whether R is

reflexive, symmetric and transitive or equivalence? [Ans: Equivalence relation].

2. Let R = {(𝐿1, 𝐿2 ): 𝐿1 ⊥ 𝐿2 𝑤ℎ𝑒𝑟𝑒 𝐿1, 𝐿2 ∈ 𝐿}. Check whether R is reflexive, symmetric

and transitive or equivalence? [Ans: Symmetric but neither reflexive nor transitive]

3. The function f: R→R defined by 𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑥 − 4. Check the function is one-one, onto or
bijective? [Ans: Bijective]
4. Let the function f: R→R defined by 𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑥 − 4. Then find the range of 𝑓 (𝑥 )? [Ans: R]

IV. Raji visited the Exhibition along with her family. The Exhibition had a huge swing,
which attracted many children. Raji found that the swing traced the path of a parabola as
given by 𝑦 = 𝑥 2.

1. Let f: R→R be defined by 𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑥 2 . Check whether the function is injective, surjective
or bijective? [Ans: Neither injective nor surjective]

2. Let f: N→N be defined by 𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑥 2 . Check whether the function is injective, surjective
or bijective? [Ans: Injective]

3. Let f: {1,2,3,……..} → {1,4,9,……} be defined by 𝑓 (𝑥 ) = 𝑥 2 . Check whether the

function is injective, surjective or bijective? [Ans: Bijective]

4. Let f: N→R be defined by 𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑥 2 . What is the range of f? [Ans: {1,4,9,16,…..]

5. Let f: Z→Z be defined by 𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑥 2 . Check whether the function is injective, surjective
or bijective? [Ans: Neither injective nor surjective]