Software

1 Tick (/) the appropriate column, in the following table, to indicate whether the named software is an
example of system software or application software.
✓)
Software System ( Application (✓)
Photo editing software
Graphics manipulation software
Compiler
Spreadsheet software
Printer driver
QR code reader

Anti-virus software
Screensaver

2 a Give three of the general features of system software.

1 ....................................................................................................................................................................

2 .............................................................................................................................................................

3 ..............................................................................................................................................................

b Give three of the general features of application software.

1 ....................................................................................................................................................................

2 ..............................................................................................................................................................

3 ..............................................................................................................................................................
c Give three examples of utility programs.

1 .............................................................................................................................................................

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2 .............................................................................................................................................................

3 ..............................................................................................................................................................

3 Use the following list of words and phrases to complete the paragraph below.

Each word or phrase can be used once, more than once or not at all.
» anti-virus » disk defragmenter » infected » security system
» background » file compression » locked » smaller
» blocks » file management » quarantine » tracks
» bootstrap » head movements » screensavers » user
» contiguous » heuristic checking » sectors » utility

Running................................ software in the......................................on a computer will constantly check

for virus attacks. Many ....................................utilities check software for certain behaviour which would

indicate a possible virus; this is known as .........................................Any possible files or programs which
are infected are put into..................................until deleted by the ..................................... or automatically
deleted.

As a hard disk drive (HDD) becomes full,......................................... used for data and files will become
scattered over different...................................and................................... on the disk surface. A ..............
...........................will rearrange the.................................. of data and files into................................... sectors

wherever possible, thus reducing the scattering of data. It also reduces the number of HDD

Many computers use which automatically launch when a computer has

been inactive for a period of time. They form part of the.......................................... , so that a user is

automatically logged out after a certain period of time and the............................................. will indicate that

the computer is now........................................

4 a Write down five of the functions of a typical operating system.

1 ....................................................................................................................................................................

2 .............................................................................................................................................................

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3 .................................................................................................................................................................

................................................................................................................................................................ z

4 .................................................................................................................................................................

b The interface between a computer and a user is either a command line interface (CLI) or graphical user
interface (GUI).

i Explain the terms CLI and GUI.

CLI:

ii In the table below, six statements about interfaces are given. Tick (/) the appropriate box to indicate
whether each statement refers to a CLI or GUI interface.
✓
Statement CLI ( ) GUI (✓)
The user is in direct communication with the computer
The user is limited to the icons shown on the screen

The user needs to learn a number of commands to carry out any operation
Commands need to be typed in using the correct format and spelling
There is no need for the user to learn any commands to use the interface
The interface needs a complex operating system, such as Windows, to operate, which uses
considerable amounts of memory

5 Explain the function of each of the following in an operating system.

a Multitasking management

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b Management of user accounts

c Security management

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6 a i Explain what is meant by an interrupt.

ii Give three examples of what can cause an interrupt.

1 .............................................................................................................................................................

2 ..............................................................................................................................................................

3 ..............................................................................................................................................................

b i Explain what is meant by a buffer.

ii Explain why buffers are needed.

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c The flowchart shows the use of interrupts and buffers when printing out a document. Some of the boxes in
the flowchart are blank. Use each of the following statements to complete the flowchart. In each case, only
write the number of the correct statement in the appropriate box.

1 Meanwhile, the processor is able to carry out other tasks while the (printer) buffer is being emptied.

2 Has all the data been sent to the printer?

3 The current task is suspended while the interrupt is serviced.

4 The contents of the (printer) buffer are emptied to the printer and the data from the document is
printed.

5 When all the data has been printed, the (printer) buffer becomes empty; an interrupt signal is then sent
to the processor requesting its attention.

6 Data from the document to be printed is sent to the (printer) buffer from the computer memory.

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7 Memory management, security management and hardware management are three functions of an
operating system. The following table shows eight statements. By ticking (/) the appropriate box, indicate
which statements refer to memory, security or hardware management.

Management type
Statement Memory (/) Security (/) Hardware (/)
Keeps a track of all memory locations
Ensures that anti-virus software is regularly updated
Prevents competing applications using the same memory locations at the
same time

Ensures that the appropriate device driver takes data from memory/file
and translates it into a format the device can understand

Management of devices to control the use of queues and buffers holding

data temporarily

Receives and handles error messages and interrupts from devices

connected to the computer

Manages RAM and allows data to be moved between RAM and devices,
such as HDD or SSD
Maintains access rights for all users of a computer system

8 a Explain the function of a device driver.

b Explain the use of descriptors in a device driver.

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c Explain the role of a descriptor when a new device is plugged into a USB port of a computer for the first
time.

9 a State what is meant by firmware.

b Give two examples of firmware used in computer devices.

1 .............................................................................................................................................................

2 .............................................................................................................................................................

10 a State three benefits of writing a program in a high-level programming language.

1 .............................................................................................................................................................

2 ....................................................................................................................................................................

3 .............................................................................................................................................................

b Explain why a programmer would choose to write a program in a low-level programming language.

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c Steve is writing a program to use his laptop to control the lighting system in his
house. State, with reasons, which type of programming language would be most suitable for him to use.

Type of language:..........................................................................................................................................

Reasons: .......................................................................................................................................................

11 Use the following list of words and phrases to complete the paragraph below.

Each word or phrase can be used once, more than once or not at all.
assembler machine code
compilers programmer
high-level programs
interpreters translates
language translators

Programs written in a low-level......................................are translated into ..................................... by an...........

............................ beforethey can be run on a computer. Programs written in a....................................... are

........also translated intobefore...................................................................................................................they can

be run on a computer.

There are two types of for ...................................languages and

12 a Describe the purpose of a compiler.

b Describe the purpose of an interpreter.

c Describe the purpose of an assembler.

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13 A program is being developed in a high-level language. Both a compiler and an interpreter are being used
for translation.

a i State when it is appropriate to use the compiler.

ii State when it is appropriate to use the interpreter.

b State two advantages of using an interpreter.

1 ..............................................................................................................................................................

2 .............................................................................................................................................................

c State two advantages of using a compiler.

1 ....................................................................................................................................................................

2 .............................................................................................................................................................
14 a Describe the purpose of an IDE.

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b Error diagnostics is a feature of an IDE. Identify three other features of an IDE.

1 ....................................................................................................................................................................

2 ..............................................................................................................................................................

3 .............................................................................................................................................................

c State the purpose of error diagnostics in an IDE. Give an example of its use.

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