Republic of the Philippines

Technological University of the Philippines

Ayala Blvd. cor. San Marcelino St. Ermita, Manila
• MODULE 5

COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING - ELECTRICAL DEPARTMENT

ELECTRICAL WORKSHOP 2

LECTURE NOTES
ON
BASIC MOTOR CONTROL

SUBJECT CODE: ESW 2

Prepared by: Engr. Edwin C. Espinas, for TUP COE-EE Department

1
Republic of the Philippines
Technological University of the Philippines
Ayala Blvd. cor. San Marcelino St. Ermita, Manila
• MODULE 5

COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING - ELECTRICAL DEPARTMENT

ELECTRICAL WORKSHOP 2

Disclaimer

This document does not claim any originality and cannot be used as a substitute for prescribed
textbooks. The information presented here is merely a collection by the faculty assigned for their respective
teaching loads assignments. Various sources are cited and mentioned at the end of document as well as freely
available open access material from internet were utilized for preparing this document. The ownership of the
information lies with the respective authors or institutions. Further, this document is not indented to be used
for commercial purpose and the faculty are not accountable for any issues, legal or otherwise, arising out of
use of this document. The faculty make no representations or warranties with respect to the accuracy or
completeness of the contents of this document and specifically disclaim any implied warranties of
merchantability or fitness for a particular purpose. The faculty member shall not be liable for any loss of profit
or any other commercial damages, including but not limited to special, incidental, consequential, or other
damages.

Acknowledgement

The Faculty member gratefully acknowledge all references utilized for preparing this lecture note also
wants to express gratitude to the person out there who think knowledge should be free and be accessible and
sharable without any restrictions so that every single students on this university has the same opportunity to
explore, expand and become enlightened.

However apart from this lecture notes students are strongly recommended to follow the listed
references at the end of each modules and above all confer and consult with the concern faculty for through
understanding of the given subject in electrical engineering.

Prepared by: Engr. Edwin C. Espinas, for TUP COE-EE Department

2
Republic of the Philippines
Technological University of the Philippines
Ayala Blvd. cor. San Marcelino St. Ermita, Manila
• MODULE 5

COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING - ELECTRICAL DEPARTMENT

ELECTRICAL WORKSHOP 2
Activities / Instructions

For the Orientation:

- Accomplish the student’s profile survey form. Link will be posted to your chat box.

- I will discuss the course syllabus, course requirements, student’s handbook, house rules, and basic use of
MS Teams for your familiarization.

- Course Duration: We have 6 hours session per week. For one to two hours per meeting, we will be having
a live online video discussion for the scheduled topic and the remaining hours will be a self-pace study of
additional materials, sources and exercises posted on your MS Teams.

- House Rules: Mute your microphone and off your video so as lagging of presentation can be minimize due
to bandwidth constrain and to avoid unnecessary distraction if the lecture is ongoing especially if your
surrounding area had a lot of unusual sound. Just unmute and open your video when you called to recite,
you can use the virtual raising hand if you want to answer. For any questions or clarifications, you can use
the chat box for any concerns.

- For Offline students: Study in advance or with-in given time schedule for the subjects and a lot data
allowance for your quizzes and exams for an hour or two. All of you will be given a softcopy via your TUP
e-mail add or hard copy via EE Department distribution of Lectures Notes.

- On our last day or week Final examination will be given online.

For the Topics:

- We will be having a live video online lecture and problem-solving discussion. Have your scientific calculator
or E-calculator ready.

- For interactive discussion, participate on the Q&A portion during end or pausing of lecture.

- Jot down important lesson notes for you will be able to answer correctly short quizzes given at the end of
each lecture.

- Link to your quiz will be posted after our live discussion. Kindly accomplish the quiz after the link was
posted for it will expire after one to two hours or less.

- Recorded online video discussion, additional resources and materials will be given to you as well for your
self-pace study. Please study these lessons.

- For those who are offline, study and accomplished the exercises given on each Modules hard copy or
Learning Material soft copy. But still you need to go on-line during quizzes and Exams upon receiving the
link on our group chat via messenger.

- Lesson Proper

Prepared by: Engr. Edwin C. Espinas, for TUP COE-EE Department

3
Republic of the Philippines
Technological University of the Philippines
Ayala Blvd. cor. San Marcelino St. Ermita, Manila
• MODULE 5

COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING - ELECTRICAL DEPARTMENT

ELECTRICAL WORKSHOP 2
Introduction
Module 5 will last for a week only it is somewhat a bonus topic and the last one, it covers the basic
sizing of motor controls components and protection requirements so as wiring design for motor control will
be based on set standard of our latest edition of Philippine Electrical Code (PEC).
Objectives:
After this last two weeks the students will be able to size motor controls and protection requirement
base on PEC set standards:
a. Conduit and Conductor size including Grounding wire
b. Over Current Protection Device (CB)
c. Magnetic Contactor
d. Disconnecting Switch
e. Thermal Overload Protection (OL)
Topic/Content:
A. Sizing of Motor Controls and Protection
Lesson # 1:
So, on all our previous lessons from Modules 1-4 we were able to learn all the components required
to be able to control and protect a motor. Let say we have a given 3ø squirrel cage induction motor, 460 V, 60
Hz, 10-Hp to be connected for full voltage starting. Assuming 100% power factor let’s start determining the
required size for each component by starting to draw the power circuit diagram as shown in Figure 1.

FIGURE 1. Basic Power Circuit Diagram

Prepared by: Engr. Edwin C. Espinas, for TUP COE-EE Department

4
Republic of the Philippines
Technological University of the Philippines
Ayala Blvd. cor. San Marcelino St. Ermita, Manila
• MODULE 5

COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING - ELECTRICAL DEPARTMENT

ELECTRICAL WORKSHOP 2

Prepared by: Engr. Edwin C. Espinas, for TUP COE-EE Department

5
Republic of the Philippines
Technological University of the Philippines
Ayala Blvd. cor. San Marcelino St. Ermita, Manila
• MODULE 5

COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING - ELECTRICAL DEPARTMENT

ELECTRICAL WORKSHOP 2

Prepared by: Engr. Edwin C. Espinas, for TUP COE-EE Department

6
Republic of the Philippines
Technological University of the Philippines
Ayala Blvd. cor. San Marcelino St. Ermita, Manila
• MODULE 5

COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING - ELECTRICAL DEPARTMENT

ELECTRICAL WORKSHOP 2

Prepared by: Engr. Edwin C. Espinas, for TUP COE-EE Department

7
Republic of the Philippines
Technological University of the Philippines
Ayala Blvd. cor. San Marcelino St. Ermita, Manila
• MODULE 5

COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING - ELECTRICAL DEPARTMENT

ELECTRICAL WORKSHOP 2

1. For the conductor size calculation use the formula (Full Load Current) FLC x 125% see section
4.30.2.2(A) page 347 of PEC 2017 edition, FLC is based on given rated Hp and rated voltage of motor
and can be taken at PEC Table 4.30.14.4 Full Load Current, Three Phase Alternating Current Motors,
page 372. Also, if ambient temperature is more than 30°C, correction factor is required. See Table
3.10.2.6(B)(2)(a) page 170.

So, FLC is 14 A and no need to multiply by any multiplier since we assume the power factor to be 100%
but if power factor is at 90% and 80% a multiplier of 1.15 and 1.25, respectively is required. Base on
PEC Table 3.10.2.6(B)(16) page 174 of 2017 edition conductor size can be taken, since 17.5 A falls
within 20 A with a minimum conductor size of 2.0 mm² for THW Cu wire for example, since this is a
motor load it will be much safer if one to two step higher be applied.

Conductor size: 14 A x 1.25 = 17.5 A, so use three 3.5 mm² THW Cu wires @ 25 A ampacity

2. For the Over Current Protection Device, circuit breaker calculation use FLC x 250% for the Inverse
Time Delay (ITD) see section 4.30.4.2 and Table 4.30.4.2 pages 355-356 of PEC 2017 edition. While
for Instantaneous Trip (IT) use the calculation FLC x 800%.

ITD CB: 14 x 2.5 = 35 A, so use 35 A, ITD Circuit Breaker

IT CB: 14 x 8 = 112 A, so use 110 A, IT Circuit Breaker

Note: Table 2.40.1.6(A) shows the standard ampere ratings of Inverse Time Circuit Breakers and Fuses

3. For the Disconnecting Switch base on Section 4.30.9.10 page 365 of PEC 2017 edition, the
disconnecting means for motor circuits rated 1000 V, nominal or less shall have an ampere rating not
less than 115% of the FLC of the motor.

So, 14 x 1.15 = 16.1 A, use 20 A Disconnecting switch

4. For the Magnetic Contactor base on Section 4.30.7.3 page 360 of PEC 2017 edition, controllers other
than inverse time circuit breakers and molded case switches, shall have horsepower ratings at the
application voltage not lower than the horsepower rating of the motor.

10 𝑥 746
So, if our motor is rated 10-Hp converting to kW rating = = 7.46 𝑘𝑊
1000
Use 8 kW rated Magnetic Contactor

5. For the Thermal Overload Relay in determining the rating multiply also the FLC by 115% base on
section 4.30.3.2(A) pages 351-352 of PEC 2017 edition, if no given service factor it is consider less than
1.15 so the FLC shall be multiply by 115% only.

So, 14 x 1.15 = 16.1 A, set your overload to 16 A and use a 20 A maximum range TOL

Prepared by: Engr. Edwin C. Espinas, for TUP COE-EE Department

8
Republic of the Philippines
Technological University of the Philippines
Ayala Blvd. cor. San Marcelino St. Ermita, Manila
• MODULE 5

COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING - ELECTRICAL DEPARTMENT

ELECTRICAL WORKSHOP 2
6. For Conduit Size base on Table C.5 page 991 of PEC 2017 edition for Maximum Number of Conductors
or Fixtures wires in Liquidtight Flexible Nonmetallic-Conduit (Type LFNC-A). For three 3.5 mm² plus
one for grounding conductor so total of 4 wires;

Use 3/8” (12 mm ø OD) LFNC-A Type Conduit

7. For Equipment Grounding Conductor, based on Table 2.50.6.13 page 124 of PEC 2017 edition,
grounding equipment conductor size can be taken.

Use one 5.5 mm² THW Cu wire @ 30-60 A ampacity

Prepared by: Engr. Edwin C. Espinas, for TUP COE-EE Department

9
Republic of the Philippines
Technological University of the Philippines
Ayala Blvd. cor. San Marcelino St. Ermita, Manila
• MODULE 5

COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING - ELECTRICAL DEPARTMENT

ELECTRICAL WORKSHOP 2

Prepared by: Engr. Edwin C. Espinas, for TUP COE-EE Department

10
Republic of the Philippines
Technological University of the Philippines
Ayala Blvd. cor. San Marcelino St. Ermita, Manila
• MODULE 5

COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING - ELECTRICAL DEPARTMENT

ELECTRICAL WORKSHOP 2
Lesson # 2: SAMPLE CALCULATIONS FROM PEC 2017 EDITION
1. A 3ø 460 V, 60 Hz, 25-Hp squirrel cage induction motor is to be connected for full voltage starting. It has
a full load current of 31.6 A, a service factor of 1.15 and a Code Letter “F” in its nameplate. The ambient
temperature of the place of installation is 40°C.

A. Total Load:
Base on Table 4.30.14.4 page 372, FLC of a 3ø, 25-Hp = 34 A

B. Branch Circuit Conductors:

See section 4.30.2.2(A) page 347-349, 125% of FLC.
34 A x 1.25 = 42 A, use three 14 mm² THW wires with one to two step higher
Note: Ampacity of 14 mm² at 40°C ambient temperature is 65 A x 0.88 = 57.2 A see Table
3.10.1.16 page 170.

C. Motor and Branch Circuit Overload Protection:

See section 4.30.3.2(A) page 351-352, 125% of rated FLC for a motor with as service factor of 1.15
31.6 A x 1.25 = 39.5 A (Maximum setting), use a 35-40 A range TOL and set TOL to 39 A only.

D. Branch Circuit Short-Circuit and Ground Fault Protection:

See Section 4.30.4.2 page 355, the branch circuit may be protected by any of the four common
types of protective devices, namely:
a. Nontime delay fuse
b. Time delay fuse
c. Instantaneous trip breaker
d. Inverse time breaker
For the protection of a squirrel cage breaker with Code Letter “F” see Table 4.30.4.2 page 356, the
protective device can be any of the following:
a. Nontime Delay (NTD) Fuses: (See Table 4.30.4.2)
300% of FLC, 34 A x 3 = 102 A: so; use 100 A, NTD fuse.
Note: If 100 A fuse is not enough for the motor starting current, (See section 4.30.4.2(C)(1)
Exception No. 2a) page 354.
b. Time Delay (TD) Fuses: (See Table 4.30.4.2)
175% of FLC, 34 A x 1.75 = 59 A: so; use 60 A TD fuse (See Section 4.30.4.2(C) Exception No.2b)
c. Instantaneous Trip (IT) Breaker: (See Table 4.30.4.2)
800% of FLC, 34 A x 8 = 272 A: so; use 300 A, IT CB (See section 4.30.4.2(C) Exception No. 1)
d. Inverse Time Delay (ITD) Breaker: (See Table 4.30.4.2)
250% of FLC, 34 x 2.5 = 85 A: so; use 100 A, ITD CB (For me 80 AT will be enough)

Prepared by: Engr. Edwin C. Espinas, for TUP COE-EE Department

11
Republic of the Philippines
Technological University of the Philippines
Ayala Blvd. cor. San Marcelino St. Ermita, Manila
• MODULE 5

COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING - ELECTRICAL DEPARTMENT

ELECTRICAL WORKSHOP 2
E. Diagram:

Prepared by: Engr. Edwin C. Espinas, for TUP COE-EE Department

12
Republic of the Philippines
Technological University of the Philippines
Ayala Blvd. cor. San Marcelino St. Ermita, Manila
• MODULE 5

COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING - ELECTRICAL DEPARTMENT

ELECTRICAL WORKSHOP 2
2. Three squirrel cage induction motors: 25-Hp, 20-Hp and 10-Hp, all rated at 460 V, 3ø, 60 Hz
are to be served by a feeder circuit. Ambient temperature does not exceed 30°C.

A. Total Load:
Base on Table 4.30.14.4 page 372,
1 - 3ø, 460 V, 25-Hp motor = 34 A
1 - 3ø, 460 V, 20-Hp motor = 27 A
1 - 3ø, 460 V, 10-Hp motor = 14 A
25% of largest Motor = 34 x 0.25 = 8.5 A (See Section 4.30.2.4) pages 349-350
Net Computed Load = 83.5 A

B. Feeder Conductors: (See Table 3.10.2.6(B)(16)) page 174 & 113

So, use Three 22 mm² THW Cu wires + One 8 mm² THW Grounding wire

C. Feeder Circuit Protection: (See Section 4.30.4.3(C)) pages 356-357

Largest Protective Device:
The 25-Hp motor being the largest motor, has the largest protective device. For the values of
the different device, see 1st Example.
a. Nontime Delay Fuses:
Largest NTD Fuse = 100 A
Full load current of 20-Hp motor = 27 A
Full load current of 10-Hp motor = 14 A
Total Computed Current = 141 A: so; use 150 A, NTD Fuse
b. Time delay (TD) Fuses:
Largest TD Fuse = 60 A
Full load current of 20-Hp motor = 27 A
Full load current of 10-Hp motor = 14 A
Total Computed Current = 101 A: so; use 100 A, TD Fuse
c. Inverse Time Delay (ITD) Breaker:
Largest ITD CB = 80 A
Full load current of 20-Hp motor = 27 A
Full load current of 10-Hp motor = 14 A
Total Computed Current = 121 A: so; use 125 A, ITD CB

Note: Only Fuses and/or inverse time circuit breaker are allowed for this type of installation
(See Section 4.30.4.3(C))

Prepared by: Engr. Edwin C. Espinas, for TUP COE-EE Department

13
Republic of the Philippines
Technological University of the Philippines
Ayala Blvd. cor. San Marcelino St. Ermita, Manila
• MODULE 5

COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING - ELECTRICAL DEPARTMENT

ELECTRICAL WORKSHOP 2
D. Diagram:

E. Assignment:
Calculate all the requirement for the remaining 20-Hp motor. Handwritten calculation and all
reference table and section of PEC 2017 edition shall be cited or shown, attach a print screen or
draw the complete schematic diagram of motor control devices and protection.

Prepared by: Engr. Edwin C. Espinas, for TUP COE-EE Department

14
Republic of the Philippines
Technological University of the Philippines
Ayala Blvd. cor. San Marcelino St. Ermita, Manila
• MODULE 5

COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING - ELECTRICAL DEPARTMENT

ELECTRICAL WORKSHOP 2

Prepared by: Engr. Edwin C. Espinas, for TUP COE-EE Department

15
Republic of the Philippines
Technological University of the Philippines
Ayala Blvd. cor. San Marcelino St. Ermita, Manila
• MODULE 5

COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING - ELECTRICAL DEPARTMENT

ELECTRICAL WORKSHOP 2

Prepared by: Engr. Edwin C. Espinas, for TUP COE-EE Department

16
Republic of the Philippines
Technological University of the Philippines
Ayala Blvd. cor. San Marcelino St. Ermita, Manila
• MODULE 5

COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING - ELECTRICAL DEPARTMENT

ELECTRICAL WORKSHOP 2
Assessment Procedures

- Participate on the Q&A portion

- You will be having an online quiz using MS Forms after the live discussion. Please attach the scanned
image of your handwritten solution on the quiz form if required. Write your solution legibly.

- Assignment must be submitted on your MS Team notebook or files on or before our next live online
meeting.

- For Offline submit accomplish assignments soft copy thru my TUP e-mail add
[email protected] or thru messenger on or before given deadline. Portfolio type hardcopy
is required via LBC or other courier services if totally no net availability but subject for approval.

Learning Resources

References:
Carroll, L. (2013). Motor Control Phase 2 Module No. 2.4 Trade of Electrician Standards Based Apprenticeship
COURSE NOTES (pp. 1-42). 27-33 Upper Baggot Street Dublin 4 Ireland: SOLAS.

Csanyi, E. (2016, November 7). 6 Lockout Operations Every Electrician MUST Perform And Respect. Retrieved
from electrical-engineering-portal.com

Dr. Shahl, S. I. (n.d.). Three-Phase Induction Machines. Retrieved from

https://www.uotechnology.edu.iq/dep-eee/lectures

Electrical 4 U. (2019, June 2). Fleming's Left and Right Hand Thumb Rules Explained. Retrieved from E4U:
https://www.electrical4u.com

Electrical 4 U. (2019, July 11). Single-Phase Induction Motors. Retrieved from E4U:
https://www.electrical4u.com

Formisano, B. (2020, January 2). Multi-meter or Volt-ohmmeter. Retrieved from The Spruce:
https://www.thespruce.com

Herman, S. L. (2010). Electric Motor Control, 9th ed. 5 Maxwell Drive Clifton Park, NY 12065-2919 USA: Delmar,
Cengage Learning.

Herman, S. L. (2017). Understanding Motor Control, 3rd ed. 20 Channel St., Boston, MA 02210: Cengage
Learning.

Holt, M. (2009). Basic Principles of Motor Controls. Retrieved from

https://www.mikeholt.com/instructor2/img/product/pdf/1245861713sample.pdf

Prepared by: Engr. Edwin C. Espinas, for TUP COE-EE Department

17
Republic of the Philippines
Technological University of the Philippines
Ayala Blvd. cor. San Marcelino St. Ermita, Manila
• MODULE 5

COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING - ELECTRICAL DEPARTMENT

ELECTRICAL WORKSHOP 2
Hydro One Network Inc.,. (2013). Electrical Safety Handbook for Emergency Responders. Ontario, Canada:
Hydro One Networks Inc.

HyperPhysics. (n.d.). Variations of Faraday's Law. Retrieved from http://hyperphysics.phy-

astr.gsu.edu/hbase/electric/farlaw2.html

Ibraheem Alnaib, A. M. (2019, May). Single-Phase Induction Motors. Retrieved from ResearchGate:
https://www.researchgate.net/publication/332835297

IIEE. (2017). Philippine Electrical Code Part 1. Cubao, Quezon City: Institute of Integrated Electrical Engineers
of the Philippines, Inc.

Kuphaldt, T. R. (2007, July 25). Lessons In Electric Circuits, Volume II – AC, 6th ed. Retrieved from
https://www.ibiblio.org/kuphaldt/electricCircuits/AC/AC.pdf

RV TechMag Electrical Tutorial. (2017). Chapter 1. Introduction to Elecricity. Retrieved from RV TechMag:
https://www.rvtechmag.com

Safety Management Group. (2016, February 2). Eight steps for safer lockout tagout programs. Retrieved from
https://safetymanagementgroup.com//

Service Titan. (2020, May 22). 25 Essential Electrician Tools for 2020. Retrieved from
https://www.servicetitan.com/blog

Siskind, C. S. (1966). Electrical Machines Direct and Alternating Current, 2nd ed. McGraw-Hill.

Theraja, B. a. (2005). A Textbook of Electrical Technology Vol. II AC & DC Machineries, 1st Multicolor ed.
Retrieved from https://www.engbookspdf.com/Electrical-Books

U.S. Department of Labor. (2001, December 09). Basic Electrical Safety. Retrieved from OSHA Office of
Training and Education: http://www.labtrain.noaa.gov/osha600/refer/menu12a.pdf

Prepared by: Engr. Edwin C. Espinas, for TUP COE-EE Department

18
Republic of the Philippines
Technological University of the Philippines
Ayala Blvd. cor. San Marcelino St. Ermita, Manila
• MODULE 5

COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING - ELECTRICAL DEPARTMENT

ELECTRICAL WORKSHOP 2

Other Resources
- Power Point Lecture, Module 1-5 Lecture Notes
- YouTube Videos
EATON (Motor Controls 101)
Automation Academy (Motor Controls 101)
Jun Aux TV
Electrical PH Tutorial
RYB Electrical
Pinoy Teknisyan
Pinoy Electrisyan
Electric City
MikeHoltNEC
Shulerruler
Master JO Tutorial TV
Master The NEC

- EKTS Simulation Software Link

https://veppa.com/ekts

Thank you, Hoping this Modules 1-5 will guide all of your learnings in our subject Electrical Shop Work 2.

Engr. Edwin C. Espinas, REE

Faculty Instructor
TUP COE-Electrical Engineering Dept.

Prepared by: Engr. Edwin C. Espinas, for TUP COE-EE Department

19