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What Is Scatter Plot

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26 views4 pages

What Is Scatter Plot

Uploaded by

praveen.ojha014
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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What is Scatter plot?

Scatter plots are visual representations of data points plotted on a graph, with one variable plotted on the x-axis and
another on the y-axis. Each data point is represented by a dot, which allows us to see the relationship between the two
variables. Scatter plots are commonly used to identify patterns, trends, and correlations in data.

Creating Scatter Plots


With Pyplot, you can use the scatter() function to draw a scatter plot.
The scatter() function plots one dot for each observation. It needs two arrays of the same length, one for the values of
the x-axis, and one for values on the y-axis:

A simple scatter plot:

import matplotlib.pyplot as plt


import numpy as np
x = np.array([5,7,8,7,2,17,2,9,4,11,12,9,6])
y = np.array([99,86,87,88,111,86,103,87,94,78,77,85,86])
plt.scatter(x, y)
plt.show()

The observation in the example above is the result of 13 cars passing by.
The X-axis shows how old the car is.
The Y-axis shows the speed of the car when it passes.
Are there any relationships between the observations?
It seems that the newer the car, the faster it drives, but that could be a coincidence, after all
we only registered 13 cars.

Compare Plots( that is drawing two plots on same plot area)


In the example above, there seems to be a relationship between speed and age, but what if we plot the observations
from another day as well? Will the scatter plot tell us something else?

Example
Draw two plots on the same figure:
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
import numpy as np
#day one, the age and speed of 13 cars:

x = np.array([5,7,8,7,2,17,2,9,4,11,12,9,6])
y = np.array([99,86,87,88,111,86,103,87,94,78,77,85,86])
plt.scatter(x, y)
#day two, the age and speed of 15 cars:
x = np.array([2,2,8,1,15,8,12,9,7,3,11,4,7,14,12])
y = np.array([100,105,84,105,90,99,90,95,94,100,79,112,91,80,85])
plt.scatter(x, y)
plt.show()
By comparing the two plots, I think it is safe to say that they both gives us the same
conclusion: the newer the car, the faster it drives.
Note: The two plots are plotted with two different colors, by default blue and orange, you will
learn how to change colors later in this chapter.

Specifying marker Colors in Scater chart


You can set your own color for each scatter plot with the color or the c argument:
Example
Set your own color of the markers in scatter chart:

import matplotlib.pyplot as plt


import numpy as np

x = np.array([5,7,8,7,2,17,2,9,4,11,12,9,6])
y = np.array([99,86,87,88,111,86,103,87,94,78,77,85,86])
plt.scatter(x, y, color = 'hotpink')

x = np.array([2,2,8,1,15,8,12,9,7,3,11,4,7,14,12])
y = np.array([100,105,84,105,90,99,90,95,94,100,79,112,91,80,85])
plt.scatter(x, y, color = '#88c999')

plt.show()

Color Each Dot in scatter plot


You can even set a specific color for each dot by using an array of colors as value for the c argument:

Note: You cannot use the color argument for this, only the c argument.

Example
Set your own color of the markers:

import matplotlib.pyplot as plt


import numpy as np
x = np.array([5,7,8,7,2,17,2,9,4,11,12,9,6])
y = np.array([99,86,87,88,111,86,103,87,94,78,77,85,86])
colors =
np.array(["red","green","blue","yellow","pink","black","orange","purple","beige","brown","gr
ay","cyan","magenta"])
plt.scatter(x, y, c=colors)
plt.show()
Sizeof marker
You can change the size of the dots with the s argument.

Just like colors, make sure the array for sizes has the same length as the arrays for the x- and y-axis:

Example
Set your own size for the markers:

import matplotlib.pyplot as plt


import numpy as np

x = np.array([5,7,8,7,2,17,2,9,4,11,12,9,6])
y = np.array([99,86,87,88,111,86,103,87,94,78,77,85,86])
sizes = np.array([20,50,100,200,500,1000,60,90,10,300,600,800,75])

plt.scatter(x, y, s=sizes)

plt.show()

Alpha
You can adjust the transparency of the dots with the alpha argument.

Just like colors, make sure the array for sizes has the same length as the arrays for the x- and y-axis:

Example
Set your own size for the markers:

import matplotlib.pyplot as plt


import numpy as np

x = np.array([5,7,8,7,2,17,2,9,4,11,12,9,6])
y = np.array([99,86,87,88,111,86,103,87,94,78,77,85,86])
sizes = np.array([20,50,100,200,500,1000,60,90,10,300,600,800,75])

plt.scatter(x, y, s=sizes, alpha=0.5)

plt.show()

Combine Color Size and Alpha


You can combine a colormap with different sizes of the dots. This is best visualized if the dots are transparent:
Example
Create random arrays with 100 values for x-points, y-points, colors and sizes:

import matplotlib.pyplot as plt


import numpy as np
x = np.random.randint(100, size=(100))
y = np.random.randint(100, size=(100))
colors = np.random.randint(100, size=(100))
sizes = 10 * np.random.randint(100, size=(100))

plt.scatter(x, y, c=colors, s=sizes, alpha=0.5, cmap='nipy_spectral')

plt.colorbar()

plt.show()

C:\Users\JCIPS18\anaconda3\Lib\site-packages\holoviews\tests\plotting

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