CLASS-12

SUBJECT-INFORMATICS
PRACTICES
UNIT : 1
Numpy Array
NUMPY - ARRAY
NumPy stands for Numerical Python.It is the core library for
scientific computing in Python. It consist of multidimensional
array objects, and tools for working with these arrays.
Arrays
Numpy Array is a grid of values with same type, and is indexed
by a tuple of nonnegative integers. The number of dimensions of
it ,is the rank of the array; the shape of an array depends upon a
tuple of integers giving the size of the array along each
dimension.

Note:- Befor numpy based programming ,it must be installed. It can be

installed using >pip install numpy command at command prompt
NUMPY - ARRAY
1 D ARRAY
Any arrays can be single or multidimensional. The number of
subscript/index determines dimensions of the array. An array of one
dimension is known as a one-dimensional array or 1-D array

In above diagram num is an array ,it’s first element is at 0 index

position ,next element is at 1 and so on till last element at n-1 index
position.At 0 index position value is 2 and at 1 index position value
is 5.
NUMPY - ARRAY
1 D ARRAY
Creation of 1D array
One dimension array can be created using array method with list object
with one dimensional elements.

e.g.program

import numpy as np
a = np.array([500, 200, 300]) # Create a 1D Array
print(type(a)) # Prints "<class 'numpy.ndarray'>"
print(a.shape) # Prints "(3,)" means dimension of array
print(a[0], a[1], a[2]) # Prints "500 200 300"
a[0] = 150 # Change an element of the array
print(a)
 NUMPY - ARRAY
1 D ARRAY
Creation of 1D array Using functions
import numpy as np
p = np.empty(5) # Create an array of 5 elements with random values
print(p)

a1 = np.zeros(5) # Create an array of all zeros float values

print(a1) # Prints "[0. 0. 0. 0. 0.]"

a2 = np.zeros(5, dtype = np.int) # Create an array of all zeros int values

print(a2) # Prints "[0. 0. 0. 0. 0.]"

b = np.ones(5) # Create an array of all ones

print(b) # Prints "[1. 1. 1. 1. 1.]"

c = np.full(5, 7) # Create a constant array

print(c) # Prints "[7 7 7 7 7]"

e = np.random.random(5) # Create an array filled with random values

print(e)
NUMPY - ARRAY
1 D ARRAY
Difference between Numpy array and list

NUMPY ARRAY LIST

Numpy Array works on Python list are made for

homogeneous types heterogeneous types

Python list support adding and numpy.Array does not support

removing of elements adding and removing of elements

Can’t contain elements of different can contain elements of different

types types

smaller memory consumption more memory consumption

better runtime Runtime not speedy

NUMPY - ARRAY
1 D ARRAY
Create 1D from string
import numpy as np
data =np.fromstring('1 2', dtype=int, sep=' ')
print(data)

Note:- in fromstring dtype and sep argument can be changed.

Create 1D from buffer

numpy array from range

numpy.arange(start, stop, step, dtype)
#program 1
import numpy as np
x = np.arange(5) #for float value specify dtype = float as argument
print(x) #print [0 1 2 3 4]
#program 2
import numpy as np
x = np.arange(10,20,2)
print (x) #print [10 12 14 16 18]
NUMPY - ARRAY
1 D ARRAY
Create 1D from array
Copy function is used to create the copy of the existing array.
e.g.program

import numpy as np
x = np.array([1, 2, 3])
y=x
z = np.copy(x)
x[0] = 10
print(x)
print(y)
print(z)

Note that, when we modify x, y changes, but not z:

NUMPY - ARRAY
1 D ARRAY SLICES
Slicing of numpy array elements is just similar to
slicing of list elements.
e.g.program

import numpy as np
data = np.array([5,2,7,3,9])
print (data[:]) #print [5 2 7 3 9]
print(data[1:3]) #print [2 7]
print(data[:2]) #print [5 2]
print(data[-2:]) #print [3 9]
NUMPY - ARRAY
1 D ARRAY JOINING
Joining of two or more one dimensional array
is possible with the help of
concatenate() function of numpy object.

e.g.program

import numpy as np
a = np.array([1, 2, 3])
b = np.array([5, 6])
c=np.concatenate([a,b,a])
print(c) #print [1 2 3 5 6 1 2 3]
NUMPY - ARRAY
Print all subsets of a 1D Array
If A {1, 3, 5}, then all the possible/proper subsets of A are { }, {1}, {3}, {5}, {1,
3}, {3, 5}
e.g.program
import pandas as pd
import numpy as np
def sub_lists(list1):
# store all the sublists
sublist = [[]]
# first loop
for i in range(len(list1) + 1):
# second loop
for j in range(i + 1, len(list1) + 1):
# slice the subarray
sub = list1[i:j]
sublist.append(sub)
return sublist OUTPUT
x = np.array([1, 2, 3,4]) [[], array([1]), array([1, 2]),
# driver code array([1, 2, 3]), array([1, 2, 3, 4]),
print(sub_lists(x)) array([2]), array([2, 3]), array([2, 3, 4]),
array([3]), array([3, 4]), array([4])]
NUMPY - ARRAY
Basic arithmetic operation on Aggregate operation on 1D
1D Array Array
e.g.program e.g.program

import numpy as np import numpy as np

x = np.array([1, 2, 3,4])
y = np.array([1, 2, 3,4]) x = np.array([1, 2, 3,4])
z=x+y
print(z) #print [2 4 6 8] print(x.sum()) #print 10
z=x-y
print(z) #print [0 0 0 0] print(x.min()) #print 1
z=x*y
print(z) #print [ 1 4 9 16] print(x.max()) #print 4
z=x/y
print(z) #print [1. 1. 1. 1.] print(x.mean())#print 2.5
z=x+1
print(z) #print [2 3 4 5] print(np.median(x))#print 2.5
NUMPY - ARRAY
2 D ARRAY
An array of one dimension/index/subscript is known as a one-
dimensional array or 1-D array

In above diagram num is an array of two dimension with 3 rows and

4 columns.subscript of rows is 0 to 2 and columns is 0 to 3.
NUMPY - ARRAY
2 D ARRAY
Creation of 2D array
Two dimension array can be created using array method with list object
with two dimensional elements.

e.g.program

import numpy as np
a = np.array([[3, 2, 1],[1, 2, 3]]) # Create a 2D Array
print(type(a)) # Prints "<class 'numpy.ndarray'>"
print(a.shape) # Prints (2, 3)
print(a[0][1]) # Prints 2
a[0][1] = 150 # Change an element of the array
print(a) # prints [[ 3 150 1] [ 1 2 3]]
 NUMPY - ARRAY
2 D ARRAY
Creation of 2D array Using functions
import numpy as np
p = np.empty([2,2]) # Create an array of 4 elements with random values
print(p)

a1 = np.zeros([2,2]) # Create 2d array of all zeros float values

print(a1) # Prints [[0. 0.][0. 0.]]

a2 = np.zeros([2,2], dtype = np.int) # Create an array of all zeros int values

print(a2) # Prints [[0 0] [0 0]]

b = np.ones([2,2]) # Create an array of all ones

print(b) # Prints [[1. 1.] [1. 1.]]

c = np.full([2,2], 7) # Create a constant array

print(c) # Prints [[7 7] [7 7]]

e = np.random.random([2,2]) # Create 2d array filled with random values

print(e)
NUMPY - ARRAY
2D ARRAY
Creation of 2D array from 1D array
We can create 2D array from 1d array using reshape() function.

e.g. program

import numpy as np
A = np.array([1,2,3,4,5,6])
B = np.reshape(A, (2, 3))
print(B)

OUTPUT
[[1 2 3]
[4 5 6]]
NUMPY - ARRAY
2 D ARRAY SLICES
Slicing of numpy 2d array elements is just similar to
slicing of list elements with 2 dimension.
e.g.program

import numpy as np
A = np.array([[7, 5, 9, 4],
[ 7, 6, 8, 8],
[ 1, 6, 7, 7]])
print(A[:2, :3]) #print elements of 0,1 rows and 0,1,2 columns
print(A[:3, ::2]) #print elements of 0,1,2 rows and alternate column
position
print(A[::-1, ::-1]) #print elements in reverse order
print(A[:, 0]) #print all elements of 0 column
print(A[0, :]) #print all elements of 0 rows
print(A[0]) #print all elements of 0 row
NUMPY - ARRAY
2 D ARRAY JOINING
e.g.program

import numpy as np
A = np.array([[7, 5],
[1, 6]])
# concatenate along the first axis OUTPUT
print(np.concatenate([A, A])) [[7 5]
# concatenate along the second [1 6]
axis (zero-indexed) [7 5]
[1 6]]

print(np.concatenate([A, A], axis=1)) [[7 5 7 5]

x = np.array([1, 2]) [1 6 1 6]]
# vertically stack the arrays
print(np.vstack([x, A])) [[1 2]
# horizontally stack the arrays [7 5]
y = np.array([[99], [1 6]]
[99]])
print(np.hstack([A, y])) [[ 7 5 99]
[ 1 6 99]]
 NUMPY - ARRAY
2 D ARRAY – ARITHMATIC OPERATION
Arithmetic operation over 2d array is possible with
add,substract,multiply,divide () functions.
E.G.PROGRAM
import numpy as np
a = np.array([[7, 5, 9], OUTPUT
[ 2, 6, 8]]) [[7 5 9]
print(a) [2 6 8]]
b = np.array([10,10,10])
c=np.add(a,b) # c=a+b, similar [[17 15 19]
print(c) [12 16 18]]
c=np.subtract(a,b) # c=a-b, similar [[-3 -5 -1]
print(c) [-8 -4 -2]]
c=np.multiply(a,b) # c=a*b, similar
print(c) [[70 50 90]
c=np.divide(a,b) # c=a/b, similar [20 60 80]]
print(c) [[0.7 0.5 0.9]
[0.2 0.6 0.8]]
Note:-
1. if both 2d arrays are with same dimension[matrix form] then one to one
arithmetic operation will be performed.
2. No of elements of a dimension must match otherwise error message thrown
NUMPY - ARRAY
2 D ARRAY – ARITHMATIC OPERATION
Arithmetic operation over 2d array can be done with single value
also.
E.G.PROGRAM

import numpy as np
a = np.array([[7, 5, 9], OUTPUT
[ 2, 6, 8]]) [[7 5 9]
print(a) [2 6 8]]
c=np.add(a,2)
print(c) [[ 9 7 11]
c=np.subtract(a,2) [ 4 8 10]]
print(c)
[[5 3 7]
[0 4 6]]
c=np.multiply(a,2)
print(c) [[14 10 18]
[ 4 12 16]]
c=np.divide(a,2)
print(c) [[3.5 2.5 4.5]
[1. 3. 4. ]]
NUMPY - ARRAY
2 D ARRAY – Mathematical Functions
Maths functions like power,abs,ceil,floor,around and trigonometric
functions like sin,cos,tan,asin etc are supported by numpy

E.G.PROGRAM
import numpy as np
a = np.array([[7.333, 5.223],
[ 2.572, 6.119]]) OUTPUT
print(np.power(a,2)) [[53.772889 27.279729]
[ 6.615184 37.442161]]

print(np.ceil(a)) [[8. 6.]

[3. 7.]]

print(np.floor(a)) [[7. 5.]

[2. 6.]]

print(np.around(a,1)) [[7.3 5.2]

[2.6 6.1]]