Scribd
Upload
27 views54 pages

Iron - Carbon System

Uploaded by

Mohan Nallusamy
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
27 views54 pages

Iron - Carbon System

Uploaded by

Mohan Nallusamy
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
You are on page 1/ 54

UNIT-I

CONSTITUTION OF ALLOY AND PHASE


DIAGRAMS
SOLID SOLUTON
IMPURITIES IN SOLIDS
• A pure metal consists of only one type of atom
is almost impossible . Practically impurities or
foreign atoms always present in all materials.
TYPES OF SOLID SOLUTIONS
1. Substitutional solid solutions
a) Random b)Ordered

2.Interstital solid solutions


2.Interstital solid solutions
PHASE DIAGRAM
COOLING CURVE
Cooling curve
• The solidification of molten metal is plotted as
a graph is called cooling curve.

• X – axis – Temperature
• Y – axis - Time
Types of cooling curve

1. Cooling curve for Pure metal or compound


2. Cooling curve of a binary solution
3. Cooling curve of a binary Eutectic system
.
1.Cooling curve for Pure metal or
compound

PQ -- Molten Metal Looses Its Temp

Q – Starting Point For Crystal Structure

QR –Latent heat is liberated Temp remains constant

RS – Solid metal formation


CONSTRUCTION OF PHASE DIAGEAMS
PHASE REACTIONS

• Eutectic reaction
• Peritectic reaction
• Eutectoid reaction
• Peritectoid reaction
Eutectic reaction
Peritectic reaction
Eutectoid reaction
Peritectoid reaction
• Two metals A and B have melting points at 9000C
and 8000C. The alloy pair forms an eutectic at
6000C of composition 60% B and 40%A.A and B
have unlimited mutual liquid solubilities. Their
solid solubilities are as follows: 10%B in A at
6000C and 5%B in A at 00c. Assume liquidus,
solidus and solvus lines to be straight: no solid
state reactions other than solubility changes occur
in the series.
• (i) Draw the phase diagram for series and label all
the temperatures, compositions and fields.
• (ii) Find the number, type, extent and
composition of the phases present in an alloy of
composition 60%A and 40%B at 2000C.
• In diagram Line AE and EF represents liquidus
• Line AB, BG and GF represents solidus
• Line BC and GH represents solvus.
(ii) Characteristics of the phases for an alloy of
60%A – 40%B at room temperature.
• At 60%A – 40%B, draw a vertical line to
designate the alloy line and at 200OC draw a
horizontal point. Now we obtain the intersection
alloy point M.
• To find the number of phase present:
• At point M, the number of phases,
P=2(α+β phases).
• To find the relative amount of phases present:
• Through point M, draw a horizontal to cut the solvus line and the
eutectic line at points O and P respectively.

• Phase fraction = opposite arm of lever


• Total length of tie line
• The % of solid phase = MP x 100
OP
• = 60-40 x 100
92-40
= 38.5%
• % Eutectic (α+β)
• = OM x 100
OP
92-60 ×100
92-40
• = 61.5%
Metal A has melting point of 10000C. Metal B
has melting point of 5000C. Draw one phase
diagram (between the elements A and B ) for
each of the following conditions.
(i) The Two elements exhibit unlimited
solid solubility.
(ii) The alloy system shows formation of
two terminal solid solutions and a eutectic point
at 50% A and at7000C.
(iii) The alloy system shows formation of
an intermetallic phase with the chemical
formula A2B.
IRON- CARBON SYSTEM
Allotropic Forms of pure iron
Micro-constituents of Iron- Carbon
alloys
1. Ferrite
2. Pearlite
3. Austenite
4. Cementite
5. Ledeburite
6. Martensite
7. Troostite
8. Sorbite
9. Bainite
Definition of structures
• Ferrite is known as α solid solution.
• It is an interstitial solid solution of a small amount
of carbon dissolved in α (BCC) iron.
• stable form of iron below 912 deg.C
• The maximum solubility is 0.025 % C at 723C and
it dissolves only 0.008 % C at room temperature.
• It is the softest structure that appears on the
diagram.
Definition of structures

Ferrite
• Average properties are:
– Tensile strength = 40,000 psi;
– Elongation = 40 % in 2 in;
– Hardness > Rockwell C 0 or
> Rockwell B 90
Definition of structures
• Pearlite is the eutectoid mixture
containing 0.80 % C and is formed
at 723°C on very slow cooling.
• It is a very fine platelike or lamellar
mixture of ferrite and cementite.
• The white ferritic background or
matrix contains thin plates of
cementite (dark).
Definition of structures

Pearlite
• Average properties are:
– Tensile strength = 120,000 psi;
– Elongation = 20 % in 2 in.;
– Hardness = Rockwell C 20, Rockwell B
95-100, or BHN 250-300.
Definition of structures

• Austenite is an interstitial solid solution of


Carbon dissolved in  (F.C.C.) iron.
• Maximum solubility is 2.0 % C at 1130°C.
• High formability, most of heat treatments begin
with this single phase.
• It is normally not stable at room temperature.
But, under certain conditions it is possible to
obtain austenite at room temperature.
Definition of structures

Austenite
• Average properties are:
– Tensile strength = 150,000 psi;
– Elongation = 10 percent in 2 in.;
– Hardness = Rockwell C 40,
approx; and
– toughness = high
Definition of structures
• Cementite or iron carbide, is very hard, brittle
intermetallic compound of iron & carbon, as
Fe3C, contains 6.67 % C.
• It is the hardest structure that appears on the
diagram, exact melting point unknown.
• Its crystal structure is orthorhombic.
• It is has
– low tensile strength (approx. 5,000 psi), but
– high compressive strength.
Definition of structures
• Ledeburite is the eutectic
mixture of austenite and
cementite.
• It contains 4.3 percent C and is
formed at 1130°C.
Definition of structures
Martensite - a super-saturated solid solution of
carbon in ferrite.
It is formed when steel is cooled so rapidly that the
change from austenite to pearlite is suppressed.
The interstitial carbon atoms distort the BCC ferrite
into a BC-tetragonal structure (BCT).; responsible for
the hardness of quenched steel
.
.
.
.

You might also like