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Chapter 9 SISD

COA Morris Mano Chapter 9

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8 views2 pages

Chapter 9 SISD

COA Morris Mano Chapter 9

Uploaded by

sevenhills4u
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
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SECTION 9-1 Parallel Processing

301

tion associated with the operands. The operation performed in each


functional unit is indicated in each block of the diagram. The adder and
integer multiplier perform the arithmetic operations with integer numbers.
The floating-point operations are separated into three circuits operating in
parallel. The logic, shift, and increment operations can be performed
concurrently on different data. All units are independent of each other, so
one number can be shifted while another number is being incremented. A
multifunctional organization is usually associated with a complex control
unit to coordinate all the activities among the various components.

There are a variety of ways that parallel processing can be classified. It


can be considered from the internal organization of the processors, from
the interconnection structure between processors, or from the flow of
information through the system. One classification introduced by M. J.
Flynn considers the organization of a computer system by the number of
instructions and data items that are manipulated simultaneously. The
normal operation of a computer is to fetch instructions from memory and
execute them in the processor. The sequence of instructions read from
memory constitutes an instruction stream. The operations performed on
the data in the processor constitutes a data stream. Parallel processing
may occur in the instruction stream, in the data stream, or in both. Flynn's
classification divides computers into four major groups as follows:

Single instruction stream, single data stream (SISD)

Single instruction stream, multiple data stream (SIMD)

Multiple instruction stream, single data stream (MISD)

Multiple instruction stream, multiple data stream (MIMD)

SISD represents the organization of a single computer containing a control


unit, a processor unit, and a memory unit. Instructions are executed
sequentially, and the system may or may not have internal parallel
processing capabilities. Parallel processing in this case may be achieved
by means of multiple functional units or by pipeline processing.

SIMD

SIMD represents an organization that includes many processing units


under the supervision of a common control unit. All processors receive the
same instruction from the control unit but operate on different items of
data. The shared memory unit must contain multiple modules so that it
can communicate with all the processors simultaneously. MISD structure is
only of theoretical interest since no practical system has been constructed
using this organization. MIMD organization refers to a computer system
capable of processing several programs at the same time. Most
multiprocessor and multi-

MIMD

computer systems can be classified in this category. Flynn's classification


depends on the distinction between the performance of the control unit
and the data-processing unit. It emphasizes the be-

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