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Models of Communication

A presentation on the 8 major models of communication, classified in 3 categories.

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32 views21 pages

Models of Communication

A presentation on the 8 major models of communication, classified in 3 categories.

Uploaded by

2023303867
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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THE MODELS OF

COMMUNICATION
What is a Communication Model?
They are a representation of the processes of communication
that are simplified to facilitate smoother learning. Often times, the
concepts of “sender”, “encoding”, “channel”, “decoding”, “receiver”,
and “feedback” can be seen in most of the models considering that
they are the most basic elements in daily communication. Currently,
there are 8 major models of communication and they are divided into
3 categories, which will be further discussed in this presentation.
Linear Models
◦ Linear models are designed to depict the flow of one-way communication.

◦ The communication models under Linear Models are as follows:

➢ Aristotle’s Model
➢ Lasswell’s Model
➢ Shannon-Weaver Model
➢ Berlo’s Model
Aristotle’s Model
◦ One of the oldest communication models, originating from the year 300 BC.
It focuses on improving persuasive communication skills. It emphasizes the
importance of clear, meaningful content, and the speaker's wise choice of
words for the intended audience, as they are in charge of communication.
◦ It consists of three main components:
- “Rhetor” or the speaker, is an individual that initially starts the
communications with the message they are trying to convey.
- “Message” involves the ideas and information being conveyed by the
speaker.
- “Audience” is the individual or group responsible in receiving and
interpreting the message.
Aristotle’s Model

This model was most appropriate to Aristotle’s common setting, in a class with
his students eagerly listening and interpreting his teachings.
Lasswell’s Model

◦ Lasswell's communication model suggests that communication


involves transmitting a message, with the effect being a noticeable and
measurable change in the receiver.

◦ One of the first influential communication models, initially published in


1948 by Harold Lasswell. This model focuses on five questions to
analyze communication: “Who?”, “Says what?”, “In what channel?”, “To
whom?”, and “With what effect?”.
Lasswell’s Model

This model is specifically designed for the analysis of mass communication


channels like television, radio, and newspapers.
Shannon-Weaver Model
◦ Initially introduced in the 1948 paper entitled “A Mathematical Theory
of Communication” by Claude Shannon and Warren Weaver, it expands
on the definition of communication and the components associated
with its process. Included in the paper was the five basic components:
a source, a transmitter, a channel, a receiver, and a destination.
◦ It also tackled the problem imposed by noise and its effects on the
message. Noise is classified as anything that is added to the signal
between its transmission and reception that is not intended by the
source.
Shannon-Weaver Model

This model can be noticed at work when a radio station turns voice into radio
waves which are then transmitted. Whenever the signal fluctuates, a noise of
static is heard, which impedes the decoding of the message.
Berlo’s Model of Communication

◦ This model calls for fluent communication skills from the


sender as well as the receiver to ensure appropriate message
decoding and encoding. Basically, a person’s ability to
communicate is relative to his own set of skills and the ability
of the receiver to perceive his message in the way that he sets
it. Both persons involved must be on the same level and have
good listening skills to avoid straying away from the intended
meaning.
Berlo’s Model of Communication

◦ A good example of a situation where Berlo’s Model of


Communication is apparent would be:

➢ An academic conversation between two sophomore


blockmates studying under the course Business
Communication in Legal Writing; or
➢ An intense debate between a prosecutor and a defense
attorney on whether the defendant is innocent.
Interactive Models
◦ Interactive models analyses two-way communication, where each
participant alternate as sender and receiver.

◦ The communication models under Interactive Models are as follows:

➢ Osgood-Schramm Model
➢ Westley and Maclean’s Model
Osgood-Schramm Model
◦ Depicts communication in a circular model, implying that
communication is naturally an endless process. Senders and
receivers constantly change their roles whenever they receive the
message and decode it to form a feedback or reply.
◦ There are three main components in this model:
➢ “Decoder” is the person who receives the message.
➢ “Encoder” the origin of the message.
➢ “Interpreter” the individual who attempts to
comprehend the message.
Osgood-Schramm Model
◦ Interpretation is an integral part of this model, as both sender
and receiver constantly change roles. In this exchange of
roles, problems like semantic noise may arise.
◦ Semantic noise takes place when the decoder deviates from
the intended message by the encoder, so interpretation
becomes difficult.
Osgood-Schramm Model
Westley and Maclean’s Model
◦ The model examines how outside factors, such as environment, culture,
and personal qualities affect communication by concentrating on nine
essential elements: environment, sensory experience, source/sender,
receiver, feedback, gatekeepers, and opinion leaders.
◦ This model may be applied in two contexts: interpersonal and mass
communication. The feedback is what distinguishes interpersonal from
mass communication. Interpersonal feedback is immediate and rapid.
In the case of mass communication, feedback is indirect and slow to
respond.
Westley and Maclean’s Model

◦ Communication takes place when a person selectively


responds to their environment, establishing a strong link
between the response and the process of communication.
Each receiver reacts based on their object of orientation,
resulting in successful communication.
Transactional Models
◦ Transactional models depict communication as a consistent give-and-take
process in which participants use previously established information to
influence one another and generate new messages based on it.

◦ The communication models under Transactional Models are as follows:

➢ Barnlund’s Transactional Model


➢ Dance’s Helical Model
Barnlund’s Transactional Model
◦ According to Barnlund's model, both parties involved (sender and
receiver) are accountable for the communication's effect and efficiency.
Both participants must use verbal and nonverbal clues to create a
common understanding of the message. Even noise is considered to
be part of the message.
◦ Barnlund divided communication into interpersonal and intrapersonal
forms, with the focus being on encoding and decoding
communications both within and between individuals.
Dance’s Helical Model

◦ The model describes communication as an upward spiral,


how feedback helps communications improve over time,
hence extending our knowledge. Each cycle of
communication widens our circle. The spiral's upward ascent
signifies a fresh communication cycle that is independent of
the preceding one.
Submitted by John Carlo Alcantara, BSLM 2-A

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