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    Lesson 02 - Stress Patterns

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    Lesson 02 - Stress Patterns

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    Lesson 02- Stress patterns

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    1 views2 pages

    Lesson 02 - Stress Patterns

    Uploaded by

    awrak33alwaed

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    © All Rights Reserved
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    of 2

    Mohamed Khider University, Biskra

    Faculty of Arts and Languages section of English


    Course: phonetics Semester One
    Level: second year Teachers: Pr. CHELLI S & Dr. SAIHI H.
    UNIT ONE: WORD STRESS
    Lesson 02: Stress patterns

    Nature of stress In English, when a word has more than one syllable, one of the syllables
    is produced with more force, energy,and prominence than the rest of
    syllables, this emphasis is called STRESS.

    For example: ˈ Carry, aˈgo, ˈsailor, ˈorganize, uniˈversity.

    We mark a stressed syllable by placing a small vertical line (ˈ) high up before the syllable. The accented
    pattern of English word may be considered as fixed because the stress falls on the same syllable in a
    given word but it may be considered as free because it may fall on the first, second, third or
    last syllable in a given word.
    For example:
    water /ˈwɔ:tə/ together /təˈgeðə/ information / ,ɪnfəˈmeɪʃn/ Volunteer / ,v ɒ lənˈtɪə/

    Levels of stress

    - There are two levels of stress: primary stress and secondary stress. A third level refers
    to unstressed syllables.
    For example: ˈ Carry, aˈgo, ˈsailor, uniˈversity.
    For Example, in the verb organize, there are three levels /,ɔ: gə ‘naɪz/.
    - In some words, we can find a stress which is weaker than the primary stress
    (called secondary stress).

    Characteristics of stressed Syl


    lables

    From the perceptual point of view, all stressed syllables have one
    characteristic in common that is prominence. Stressed syllables are
    recognised as stressed because they are more prominent than unstressed syllables.
    Factors influencing syllable prominence
    1. Pitch:
    It is the most efficient factor for recognizing the prominence of stressed syllable, in which the stressed
    syllable is pronounced with a higher pitch than unstressed ones.
    2. Energy of articulation (loudness):
    The stressed syllables seem to be louder to the listener’s ear than unstressed ones.
    3. Quantity/ Duration (length):
    Stressed syllables are longer than unstressed ones and take more time to be pronounced than the vowels
    of the unstressed syllables, which are reduced in length.
    4. Quality:
    The stressed syllable mostly has strong vowels /e, æ, ɒ, ɑː, iː, ɔː, ɜː, əʊ, ɑɪ, ɑʊ/ whereas
    the weak vowels such as /ə, ɪ, ʊ/ are frequently unstressed in polysyllable words.

    In order to decide about tress placement, it is necessary to make use of some or all of the following:

     Whether the word is morphologically simple or complex (containing one or more affixes, or being a compound word)
     The grammatical category to which the word belongs (noun, adjective, verb, adverb…)
     The number of syllables in the word
     The phonological structure of the syllable

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