UNITS & MEASUREMENTS AND BASIC MATHEMATICS 1

EXERCISE - 3: ADVANCED OBJECTIVE QUESTIONS

Note: Important dimensional formulae for this Exercise Sol. X=3YZ2
1 2 2 2 X is capacitance & Z is magnetic induction. To write
Dimension of Inductance  M L T A 
dimensional formula of these two quantities use following
1 2 3 2 formulae.
Dimension of Resistance  M L T A  1
1 Q2  M1 L2 T2  1 2 2 2
1 2
Dimension of Capacitance  M L T A 
4 2 Energy E   [c]   2   M L T Q 
2 c  Q 
1 2 3 1
Dimension of Voltage  M L T A   M1 L1 T 2 
Force F  q  B  [B]   
1 3 4 2
Dimension of Permitivity   M L T A   [Q]  LT 1  
 
1 1 2 2
Dimension of Permeability   M LT A  [B]   M1 L0 T 1Q 1 

1 0 2 1  [X]   M 1 L2 T 2 Q 2  & Z   M1 T 1Q 1 

Dimension of Magnetic field B  M L T A 
1 2 2 2
1 3 2 0 [x]  M L T Q 
Dimension of Gravitational constant G  M L T A   [y] 
[z]2  M 2 L2 T 2 
1 2 1 0
Dimesnion formula for Young’s modulus Y  M L T A 
[Y]   M 3 L2 Q 4 T 4 
1 1 1
Dimension of Coefficient of viscosity   M L T 
n2  n1
1 1 -3 -1 3. The number of particles given by n = – D are
Dimension of Electric field E  M L T A  x2  x1
crossing a unit area perpendicular to x–axis in unit time,
Single Choice Questions
where n1 and n2 are the number of particles per unit volume
Single Choice Questions
for the values x1 and x 2 of x respectively. Then the
1. The value of universal gas constant is R = 8.3 J/K – mol.
dimensional formula of diffusion constant D is
The value of R in atmosphere litre per kelvin mol
(a) [M0LT0] (b) [M0L2T–4]
(a) 8.19 (b) 0.00819
(c) [M0LT–3] (d) [M0L2T–1]
(c) 81.9 (d) 0.0819 Ans. (d)
Ans. (d)
n 2 -n1
Sol. R  8.3 J / k  mol Sol. n = -D
x 2 -x1
 8.3pa  m3 / k  mol n is no. of particles crossing a unit area perpendicular in
Let value in new units is ‘C’ unit time.
So, R  C atm-lt / k  mol 0 2 1
So, [n]   M L T 
3
 pa   m   k   mol  n1 , n 2 are number of particles per unit volume.
i.e. C  8.3  atm   It   k   mol 
    
  n1    n 2    M 0 L3 T 0 
3
 pa   m   k   mol  x1 ,x 2 are position along x-axis.
 8.3  5
pa   3 3     
1.013  10  10 m   k   mol 
  x1    x 2    M 0 L1 T 0 
C  0.0819
2. In the equation X = 3YZ2 , X and Z have dimensions of [n] x1   M 0 L2 T 1   M 0 L1 T 0 
capacitance and magnetic induction respectively. In MKSQ  [D]  
n 2   M 0 L3 T 0 
system, the dimensional formula of Y is
(a) [M–3L–2T–2Q–4] (b) [ML–2] [D]   M 0 L2 T  I 
–3 –2 4 8
(c) [M L Q T ] (d) [M–3L–2Q4T4]
Ans. (d)
UNITS & MEASUREMENTS AND BASIC MATHEMATICS 2

4. The value of 0.99 – 0.989 is Ans. (b)

(a) 0.001 (b) 0.010 × 10 –1 Sol. X  M e Lb T C
(c) 0.01 × 10 –1
(d) 0.1 ×10–3 M
 100   %
Ans. (c) M
Sol. X  0.99  0.989 L
100  β%
X  0.001 L
But in final answer digits after decimal should be equal to T
the minimum digits after decimal in subtracting values.  100   %
T
So, final answer should be up to two decimal number. Δx ΔM ΔL ΔT
  100  a  100  b  100  c  100
 X  0.01 101 x M L T
5. If f = x2 , then the relative error in f is = (aα + bβ + c )%
2 x (x) 2 8. The lenght , breadth b and thickness t of a block are
(a) (b) measured with the help of a metre scale. Given l = 15.12 ±
x x
0.01 cm, b = 10.15 ± 0.01 cm, t = 5.28 ± 0.01cm.
x 2
(c) (d) ( x ) The percentage error in volume is nearly.
x
(a) 0.68% (b) 0.28%
Ans. (a)
Sol. f = x 2 (c) 0.37% (d) 0.48%
Ans. (c)
Δf 2Δx
So relative error = Sol.   15.12  0.01cm
f x
b  10.15  0.01cm
6. A student measures the time period of 100 oscillations of
t  5.28  0.01cm
a simple pendulum four times. The data set is 90 s, 91s, 95 Volume  bt
s and 92 s. If the minimum division in the measuring clock Percentage error in volume
is 1 s, then the reported mean time should be : ΔV  Δb Δt
  100   100   100   100
(a) 92 ± 5.0 s (b) 92 ± 1.8 s V  b t
(c) 92 ± 3 s (d) 92 ± 2 s 0.01 0.01 0.01
  100   100   100
Ans. (d) 15.12 10.15 5.28
N 1 1 1
  
 ti 15.12 10.15 5.28
Sol. Arithmatic mean time, t  i 1
 0.35%
N 9. The specific resistance  of a circular wire of radius r,
90  91  95  92
  r2R
4 resistance R and lenght  is given by  .
 92s 
Given, r = (0.24 ± 0.02) cm, R = (30 ± 1)  and  = (4.80 ±
 t  ti 0.01) cm. The percentage error in  is nearly
Mean deviation  (a) 7% (b) 9%
N
(c) 13% (d) 20%
2 1 3  0 Ans. (d)

4 πr 2 R
 1.5 Sol. Specific resistance  
Given minimum division in block reported mean 
time  92  2s
7. A physical quantity is represented by X = MaLbT–c . If Δp  Δr   ΔR    
  100  2   100     100    100 
percentage errors in the measurements of M, L and T are p  r   R    
and respectively, then total percentage error is  0.02   1   0.01 
 2  100    100    100 
(a) (a + b – c)% (b) (a + b + c)%  0.24   30   4.80 
(c) (a – b – c)% (d) 0%
UNITS & MEASUREMENTS AND BASIC MATHEMATICS 3

1 1 1  Δf Δu Δv Δu+Δv
     100 = + +
 6 30 480  f u v u+v
97 Δf Δu Δv Δu Δv
  100 = + + +
480 f u v u+v u+v
 20% 12. If x = a – b, the the maximum percentage error in the
10. Given, potential difference V = (8±0.5) volt and currect I = measurement of x will be
(2±0.2)A. the value of resistance R is
(a) 4 ± 16.25% (b) 4 ± 6.25%  a  b 
(a)    100%
(c) 4 ± 10% (d) 4 ± 8%  a b 
Ans. (a)
Sol. V  8  0.5, I  2  0.2 A  a b 
V 8 (b)     100%
&R   4  a b 
1 2
ΔR ΔV ΔI  a b 
 100   100   100 (c)     100%
R V 1  a-b a  b 
0.5 0.2
  100   100  16.25%
8 2  a b 
(d)     100%
So, resistance  4  16.25%  a-b a  b 
Ans. (a)
1 1 1 Sol. x = a - b
11. The focal length of a mirror is given by   where as we know
f u v
x  a  b
u and v represent object and image distances respectively.
x  a  b 
The maximum relative error in f is   100     100%
x  ab 
f u v
(a)    a b 
    100%
f u v ab ab
f 1 1 A
  13. If v   Bt 2  Ct 3 where v is velocity, t is time and A,
(b)
f u / u v / v t
B and C are constants, then the dimensional formula of B
is
f u v  (u  v) (a) [M0LT0] (b) [ML0T0]
(c)   
f u v uv 0 0
(c) [M L T] (d) [M0LT–3]
Ans. (d)
f u v u v
(d)     A
f u v uv uv Sol. V= +Bt 2 +Ct 3
t
Ans. (d) According to principle of homogeneity.
The dimensional formula of each term of R.H.S is same as
1 1 1 of dimensional formula of L.H.S term.
Sol. = +
f u v 2
So,  Bt   [v]
uv
f= M 0 L1 T 1
u+v [B]    M 0 L1 T 3 
 T 2 
xy
Consider this as f =
z 14. The maximum static friction on a body is F =  Here,
Where x  u N = normal reaction force on the body = coefiicient of
Yv static friction.
Zuv The dimensions of  are
Δf Δx Δy Δz (a) [MLT–2] (b) [M0L0T0]
= + +
f x y z (c) Dimensionless (d) None of these
UNITS & MEASUREMENTS AND BASIC MATHEMATICS 4

Ans. (c)    
18. If P  Q = 0, then | P  Q | is
Sol. F  μN  
[F] (a) | P | |Q | (b) zero
μ
[N] (c) 1 (d) PQ
1 1 2
M L T  Ans. (a)
  1 1 2   
M L T  Sol. P  Q  0
 
  M 0 L0 T 0   angle between P and Q  90
   
So, μ is dimensionless | P  Q || P || Q | sin  90 
     
15. If A  B  B  A, then the angle between A and B is :  | P || Q |
(a)  (b) /3
(c) /2 (d) /4  
19. Given r  4ˆj and p  2iˆ  3jˆ  kˆ . The angular momentum is
Ans. (a)
    (a) 4iˆ  8kˆ (b) 8iˆ  4kˆ
Sol. A × B = AB sinθ ( θ is between A and B )
 
B × A = ABsin(2π-θ) (c) 8jˆ (d) 9kˆ
   
 A × B = B ×A Ans. (a)
 
 AB sin θ = -AB sinθ Sol. r  4j and p  2i  3j  k
 2 sin θ  0   
 θ = π (from the given options) Angular momentum, L  r  p
 
16. Given A  4iˆ  6ˆj and B  2iˆ  3jˆ . Which of the following ˆi ˆj kˆ
is correct ?  0 4 0
    
(a) A  B  0 (b) A  B  24 2 3 1
  ˆi(4) - ˆj(0) + k(
ˆ 8)
|A| 1  
(c)   (d) A and B are anti-parallel
|B| 2  4iˆ - 8kˆ
Ans. (a) 20. The magnitude of the vector product of two vectors is 3
 
Sol. A  4i  6j and B  2i  3j times their scalar product. The angle between the two vectors
is
ˆi ˆj kˆ
   (a) 90° (b) 60°
(a) A × B = 4 6 0 = ˆi(0) - ˆj(0) + k(12-12)
ˆ =0 (c) 45° (d) 30°
2 3 0 Ans. (b)
   
  Sol. Given | A  B | 3(A  B)
(b) A  B  (8  18)  26
  ABsinθ = 3ABcosθ
|A| 16  36 52
(c)    2  tan θ  3
| B| 49 13
   θ  60
(d) A  2(2i  3j)
  2B
More than one correct options
  
17. Given c  a  b . The angle which a makes with c is 21. In a system of units if force (F), acceleration (A) and time
(a) 0° (b) 45° (T) are taken as fundamental units then which of the
(c) 90° (d) 180° following cannot be dimensional formula of energy. {Given
Ans. (c) 2 2 1 2
   [energy] =  ML T  , [force]   ML T  }
Sol. c  a  b
 (a) FA2T (b) FAT 2
By definition of cross product, c is a vector perpendicular
  (c) F 2 AT (d) FAT
to both a and b
  Ans. (a, c, d)
 The angle a makes with c is 90
Sol. Let K be any dimensionless constant
E  KF a AbT c
UNITS & MEASUREMENTS AND BASIC MATHEMATICS 5

a b c    
 ML2T 2    MLT 2   LT 2  T  24. If  v1  v2  is perpendicular to  v1  v2  then
 
 ML2T 2    M a La  bT 2 a  2b  c  (a) v1 is perpendicular to v2
 a  1, a  b  2  b  1  
(b) v1  v2
and  2a  2b  c  2  c  2 
(c) v1
 E  KFAT 2  
22. The dimensions of universal gravitational constant are not (d) The angle between v1 and v2 can have any value
(a) M 2 L2T 2 (b) M 1 L3T 2 Ans. (b, d)
Sol. If two vectors are normal to each other, then their dot
(c) ML1T 2 (d) ML2T 2
product is zero.
Ans. (a, c, d)
   
m1m2
 v1  v2    v1  v2   0  v12  v22  0
Sol. F  G  
r2  v12  v22  v1  v2 or v1  v2
  
Fr 2 25. If vectors A and B are given by A  5iˆ  6 ˆj  3kˆ and
G  M 1 L3T 2
m1 m2 
  B  6iˆ  2 ˆj  6kˆ . Which of the following is/are correct?
23. If A  2iˆ  ˆj  kˆ and B  iˆ  ˆj  kˆ are two vectors, then  
(a) A and B are mutually perpendicular
the unit vector    
(b) product of A  B is the same B  A
  ˆj  kˆ   
 (c) the magnitude of A and B are equal
(a) perpendicular to A is  
 2   
(d) the magnitude of A  B is zero
Ans. (a, d)
 2iˆ  ˆj  kˆ   

(b) parallel to A is   Sol. A  5iˆ  6 ˆj  3kˆ and B  6iˆ  2 ˆj  6kˆ
 6 

iˆ ˆj kˆ
  ˆj  kˆ   

(c) perpendicular to B is   A B  5 6 3
 2 
6 2 6

 iˆ  ˆj  kˆ
(d) parallel to A is  iˆ  36  6   ˆj  30  18   kˆ  10  36 
3
Ans. (a, b, c)  30iˆ  48 ˆj  46kˆ

iˆ ˆj kˆ iˆ ˆj kˆ
   
A B  2 1 1 B  A  6 2 6
Sol.
1 1 1 5 6 3

 iˆ 1  1  ˆj  2  1  kˆ  2  1   ˆj  kˆ  iˆ  6  36   ˆj 18  30   kˆ  36  10 

  ˆj  kˆ   30iˆ  48 ˆj  46kˆ
 
Unit vector perpendicular to A and B is  
 
 2 
A  B  30  12  18  0
So choice (a) and (c) are correct.  
 A and B are perpendicular..
Any vector whose magnitude is K (constant) times

2iˆ  ˆj  kˆ is parallel to A .


So, unit vector is parallel to A . So choice (b) is correct.
UNITS & MEASUREMENTS AND BASIC MATHEMATICS 6

Integer Type Questions Simplify to get: P = Q

26. The acceleration due to gravity is found upto an accuracy  
28. Two vectors A and B have magnitudes A = 3.00 and B =
of 4% on a planet. The energy supplied to a simple pendulum  
to know mass ‘m’ to undertake oscillations of time period T 3.00. Their vector product is A  B  5.00kˆ  2.00iˆ . The
is being estimated. If time period is measured to an accuracy
  29
of 3%, the accuracy to which E is known as ……… % angle between A and B is such that sin   , where k
Ans. (14.00) k
is:
 T 2g
Sol. T  2  Ans. (09.00)
g 4 2   2 2
Sol. A  B  5  2  29
2 T 2 2
E  mg   mg 2
2 8 2  
A B 29
dE  dg dT  sin   
 2   AB 3 3
E  g T 
 2  4  3  14%  29 
   sin 1  
27. Two force P and Q acting at a point are such that if P is  9 
reversed, the direction of the resultant is turned through 
29. The X and Y components of vector A have numerical
 
90o, then P : Q equals:    
values 6 and 6 respectively and that of A  B A B    
Ans. (1)
have numerical values 10 and 9. What is the magnitude of

B?
Ans. (05.00)
Sol. 
Sol. A  6iˆ  6 ˆj
 
      A  B  10iˆ  9 ˆj
R  P  Q, S   P  Q,
  
Given that S is  R  B  10  6  iˆ   9  6  ˆj
     
 
So, R  S  0  P  Q   P  Q  0   4iˆ  3 ˆj
 P2  Q2  0 
B  42  32  25  5
 P2  Q2  
30. Two forces F1  5iˆ  10 ˆj  20kˆ and F2  10iˆ  5 ˆj  15kˆ act
PQ
 
Hence proved. on a single point. The angle between F1 and F2 is nearly..
Alternatively:
Ans. (45.00)
Q sin   
  90   , tan   ...  i  F1  F2
P  Q cos 
Sol. cos   F F
1 2
Q sin 180   
tan  
P  Q cos 180   

 5iˆ  10 ˆj  20kˆ   10iˆ  5 ˆj  15kˆ 
Q sin  25  100  400  100  25  225
 tan  90    
P  Q cos 
50  50  300
Q sin  
 cot   ...  ii  525  350
P  Q cos 
1
Q 2 sin 2   cos  
Multiply equation (i) and (ii): 1  2
P 2  Q 2 cos 2 
  45