12 |MASTERMIND CHAPTERWISE QUESTION BANK

Reason (R): Domain and range of the relation (R 0 46. Assertion (A): function
A
f:RR
is respectively the set and second
of all first

entries of the distinct ordered pair of the relation. equation f(x)-fY)=x-y Vx,ye
satisfie

q 42. Assertion (A): If R is a relation definedon the set fO)-2, then f(xy) = xy - 1.
of natural numbers such that
R=((x. y) :x.y eN and 2x +y -24), then R is an Reason (R): f)-fVxeR,xa0
X
equivalence relation.
Reason (R): A relation said to be an equivalence
x²+x+1
is
and f2)-i
relation if it is reflexive, symmetric and transitive. f()_x+1
o 43. Assertion (A):

A-(1,2,3) by aRb, if a
Reason (R): For above
If the
| R defined
relation

- b'|s5,then
relation,
R1R.
domain
in

of
0 47, Assertion

R={(1,3),(4,
(A): The relation
2). (2, 4),
R given by

3). (6, 1)
RRange

2,
of
A = (1,2,3, 4) is not symmetric
R.
044. Assertion on a set
(A): The relation R {(x, y):(x + y)isa
prime number and x,y eN) is not a reflexive Reason (R): For symmetric relation, R=p1
relation. 9 48. Assertion (A): The relation f: (1,2,3,4) -
Reason (R): The number 2n' is composite for all defined by f-{(1, x). (2.y). (6.z)} is a biji
natural numbersn. (C8SE 2024) function.
045. Assertion (A): A function y =f(x) defined by
x-cot y =,then domain of f(x) =R.
Reason (R): The function f:(1,2,5)-(x.y,
Reason (R): cot y e (0, n).
such that f= {(1, x). (2,y), (6,z)} is one-one.

S
(CBSE SOP
2023
Answers
1. (b) 2. (b) 3. (b) 4. (b) 5. (C) 6. (b) 7. (d) 8. (a) 9. (c)
11. (a) 12. (b) 13. (b) 14. (a) 10.a
15. (a) 16. (a)
21. (C) 17. (b) 18. (d) 19. (d) 20
22. (d) 23. (d) 24. (b) 25. (d) 26. (a) 27. (d) 28. (c) 29. (b) 30
31. (d) 32. (d) 33. (d) 34. () 35. (a) 36. (d) 37. (a) 38. (a) 39. (c)
41. (a) 42. (d) 43. (b) 44. (c) 45. (d)
40.(c
46. (b) 47. (a) 48. (d)

Scan the QR Code to get the Solutions of this Section

03.
Case Study Based Questions Satishand his friend Rajat are interested to kr
Kno
the number of symmetric
relations defined

Case Study 1 both the sets A and B,separately. Satish decidest

findthe symmetric relation on set A,
In two there are some school
different
societies,
while Rajz
decides to find the symmetric relation on set
going students-including girls as well as boys. What is difference between their results?
Satish forms two sets with these students, as his a. 1024 b.2° (15) c20 (31) d 2°(63)
college project.
Q4. Let R:AB, R={(a,,b,), (a,,b,). (a,b,
Let A=laj,az,ay,a,ag}and B={b,b,,b,ba} (ay,b,).(a,b,). (as.b,)), then Ris:
where a, 'sand b, 'sare the school going students of a. neither one-one nor onto
first and second society b. one-one
respectively. but. not onto
Satish decides to explore these sets for C. only onto, but not one-one
various types
of relations and functions. d. not a function

Based on the above information,solve the

following Q5. To help Satish in his project, Rajatdecides to form
questions:
onto function from set A to B. How many su
01. Satish wishes to know the number of reflexive
functions are possible?
relations defined on set A How many 342
such a. b. 240 c. 729 d. 1024
relations are possible?

a. 0 b.25 c20 d. 220 QSolutions

Q2. Let R:AA, R=((x,y): x and y are students of 1. Number of reflexive relations defined on a set ot
samesex). Then relation R is:
elements
a. reflexive only
b. reflexive - 2n(n-)
and symmetric but not transitive
c. reflexive Therefore. number of reflexive relations defined o
and transitive but not
d an equivalence relation
symmetric
set A having 5 elements = 25 4 220
So, option (d) is correct.
 Mathematics Class 12 | 13

2. As (x. x)eR for all x e A

when x is either boy or gir
So, Ris reflexive
Let (x.y) eR that is, x and y are ofsame sex.
That means, y and x are also of same sex.
This implies. (y. x) eR.
So. Ris symmetric
Also let (x y) eR and (y.z) eR.
That neans, x and y are of same sex;yand zare same Based on the given information. solve thefollowing
sex. Clearly. x and z will also be of same sex That questions:

implies. (x, z)eR.

01. Let R:BB be defined by R-(x.y):y is
So.Ris transitive. divisible by x} is:
Therefore. R is an equivalence relation a reflexive and transitive but not symmetric
So. option (d) is corect b. reflexive and symmetric and not transitive

3. No. of symmetric relations defined on a set of n

c not reflexive but symmetric and transitive

elements
) equivalence

d.
nin 92. Raji wants to know the number of functions from A
-2 2
to B. How many number of functions are possible?
Therefore, number of symmetric relations defined on
a
6 b.2 c.6!
5x6
03. Let Rbe a relation on B defined by R=(1,2), (2,2).
set A having 5 elements =2 2 -215
(1, 3), (3. 4), (3, 1), (4, 3), (5, 5)). Then R is:
Therefore, number of symmetricrelationsdefined on
a. symmetric b.reflexive

=2 2 -210 c transitive d. None of these

set having 4 elements
B
Q4. Raji wants to know the number of relations
Hence. the required difference is 215 -210 =21°B).
possible from A to B. How many numbers of
So. option (c) is correct.
relations are possible?
4. For the element o, e A we have different images a. 6 b.25 C61 d.212
under R.
Note that. we have (o, b).(o, b)eR. Q 5. Let R:B-B be defined by R= {(1, 1), (1, 2).

So. R is not a function. (2, 2), (3, 3), (4, 4). (5, 5), (6, 6), then R is:
a. symmetric
So, option (d) is correct
b. reflexive and transitive
5. If A and B are two sets having m and n elements
c. transitive and symmetric
respectively such that m2 then total number of
d equivalence
n.
onto functions from set A to set B is

-E(-1Y x "C, x(n-ry QSolutions

1. R=(0. 1). (2. 2). (3, 3). (4. 4). (5.5). (6. 6). (1.2). (1.3).
Here.n(A) -5ie. m=5 and n (B) = 4ie., n =4
(1.4). (1. 5). (1,6). (2. 4). (2. 6). (3. 6))
So.the number of onto functions from set A to set B For reflexive, we know that x is divisible by x for all
XeB.
(x. x)eR for all x eR. So. R is reflexive.

-(-P*Co (4-0 + (-)'*C,x(4 -1+

x For symmetry. we observe that 6 is divisible by 2.

(-1)*C, x(4 -2 +(-)³xC, «(4-3) This means that (2, 6) eR but (6. 2)eR. So. R is not
symmetric.
(-)Ca (4-4 For transitivity. let (x. y) eR and (y. z)eR, then z is
=lx1x(4F+(-)x4(3 +1x6x(2) +(-)x4x1 divisible by
x.
+1x1x0 (x. z) eR
= 1024-972+192-4=240 For example, 4 is divisible by 2, 2is divisible by 1

So, 4 is divisible by So, R is transitive.

(b) is
1.
So, option correct
So, option (a) is correct.

Case Study 2 2. Here, n(A)2 and n(8) =6

Sherlinand Danju are plâying Ludo at home during Number of functions from A to B=(n(B)r^ =6.
Covid-19. While rolling the dice, Sherlin's sister Raji So. option (a) is correct.

observed and noted the possible outcomnes of the 3. HereB={1234,5 6) and R =((1. 2), (2. 2). (1.3).(3.4).

throw every time belongs to set {1, 2,3,4, 5,6}. LetA (3. 1). (4, 3). (5. 5)

be the set of players while B be the set of all possible Since. (a. a) eR, for every a e(1. 2.34,5,6}
outcomes. i.e, A ={S,D},B ={1,2,3,4,5,6} Therefore. R is not reflexive.
 14 | MASTERMIND CHAPTERWISE QUESTION BANK
Now, since.

Therefore,
(1.2)eR but
R is not symmetric.
(2. ) eR.
04. Let N>Rbe defined by
f(x)x
Also. observed that (o. b). (b, c)
it is function among the following is Ranne
eR a (14.9, 16,J b.
(ac)eR. for any b,cefl 2.34,56) .) d (1.4.B.9.10

a.
15. 16.
As (1. 3).(3. 4)e R. but (1, 4) eR c (1,4.9.
(1.4.8,
R is not transitive. f:2-Z 16.1
Therefore 05. The function defined
by f
So. option (d) is correct
4. Here, nA)2 and n(8)-6 neither injective nor surjective

a.
Number b. injective
of relations
from A toB2A)ntB)
C surjective
-22-6-2 d. bijective
So, option (d) is
correct
5. Here.B- {1.2.3456}
OSolutions
and R- {(0. ).(0.2). (22). (3
3). (4,4). (55), (6.6)) f:RRis by f(x)=x?
Since. (a.,a) eR for every a 1. given
So. R is reflexive. e).2.345. 6) It is seen that f(-1) = f(1) =1but -11
Now, since (1.2) eR but (2.1) «R. So.f is not injective.
So, R is not
symmetric Now. -2eR. But there does not

Also, it is
observed that (a, b). (b. x eR such that f(x)= x=-2 exist
aNe
c)eR
(a.c)eR for any So. f is not surjective.
R a.b.ce(l.2,34, 6)
So. Hence. function
5,
is transitive. is neither Surjective nor inier
So. option (b)is correct. So. option (a) is correct.

Case Study 3 2. f:NNis

It is seen
given

that for
by f(x) =x?
X.y eN. f(x)= f(v)
Archana visited the
her family. exhibition along with x'=y?
The exhibition had a huge
swing, which attracted X=y
many
the path
children. Archana found that the swing traced :xand y are positive nu
of a parabola as given by y =x So. f is injective.
Now. 2 eN but there does not exXist any x in N:
that f(x)=x?=2
means there is Some element in
It
co-doma
which do not have any
images. Therefore. f
surjective.

So, option (c) is correct.

3. f:(1.2.3...) {1,4.9...} is given by

f(x)= x2
It is seen that for x, X e{l2.3...)
Based on the aboveinformation, solve the
following f(x;)- f(x)
questions:

91. Let f:RRbe defined by f(x) = x is .... X= X2

neither surjective nor injective (: X,and x, are positive numb
a.
So. fis injective.
b. surjective

c injective Now. there exist any element x in (l2.3...}such

d. bijective f(x)-x?
e.g. At X=1, =1
92. Letf:N N be definedby f(x)= f()
x is ........ At X=2, f(2) =4
a. surjective but not injective At X=3 f(3)=9...
surjective
b.
C injective

d. bijective TR!CK
Q3. Let f:{1,2,3, ..) Afunction is an onto (surjective) function, ifSU=
{1,4, 9,..) be defined by is equal to co-domain.
fx)=x ..... is

a. bijective
It meansall elements
b. surjective but not injective
in co-domain have imag
So. f is surjective.
c injective but surjective
Hence, f is bijective
d. Neither surjective function.
nor injective
So, option (a) is correct.
 4N- Ris given by
Mathematics Class 12 | 15
f(x) x
xy-x2y-1
At x1. r()-1 2y-1
At x2 (2)-4 y-1
At x3 f3)-9 Since xeR-2)
So. range of f(x) -(49,16.) therefore.yel
So. option (a) is correct Hence. range of fR
5 f:Z Z is given by f(x)= x? So. option (b) is correct

It is seen that f(-)- F()-1 3. We have. glx)2(x)-1

but

So.f is not injective

Now,-2eZ.But there does not exist any elements
Zx-2-x2
X-2
xeZ such that
f(x)-x-2
So.option (d)is cbrrect.
So f is not surjective
Hence.function f is neither injective nor
4 We have.
gx) K-2
x
surjective.

So,option (a) is correct Let gx)=glx,)

Case Study 4
X-2 X-2
Consider the mapping f:A B is defined by
xX-2x =**-2xy
such thatf is a bijection.
-2 2x-2x,
Based on the aboveinformation,solve the following
questions Thus g(x) =g(x;)
01 Domain of f is: X= X
aR-2) b.R Hence. gx)is one-one

CR-12) d.R-(0} Also, range of g(x) =co-domain

02 Range of f is: So. g(x)is onto.
aR bR-) So, option (a) is correct.
CR-D) dR-0.2)
5. f(x;)-f(x;)
03. IMg:R-2)R-(1) is defined by
X=X
g(x)-2f(x)-1, then g(x)in terms of x is:
X2 b
x+1 So. option (c) is correct

X-2 Case Study 5

X-2
d X-2 Students ofa school are taken to a railway museum to

learn about railways heritageand its history.

04 The function g defined above, is:

a. one-one b.many-one
C into d None of these

05. A function f(x) is said to be one-one iff:

a f(x)-f(x;) X2

bf(-x)-f(-x)x= X

d None of the above

An exhibit in the museum depicted many rail lines on

JSolutions the track near the railway station. Let L be the set of

For f(x) to be defined x- 2 0le. x 2 all rail lines on the railway track and R be the relation
1.
3 Domain of f=R 2) on L detincd by R={(.,):
Based on the above information,
is parallel to 1;}.

solve the following

So, option (a) is correct.

2 Let y =f(x) then y

X-1
X-2
questions:

Q1. Find whether the relation R

(CaSE 2024)

issymmetric or not.

xy-2y X-1 92. Find whether the relation Ris transitive or not.
 16 MASTERMIND CHAPTERWISE OUESTION BANK

03. If one of the rail

lines on the railway track is
represented by the equationy 3x 2, then find

+
the set of rail lines in
Rrelated to it.
Or
Let S be the relation defined by
S(,,L):l,
perpendicularto ,) check whether the relation
is

S
is symmetric and transitive.
Based on the given information, solve
USolutions questions:

L Here.R- {(44):4 01. How many relations are possible

is parallel tol} from B
let 02. Among all the possible
relations
from8
is parallel to , is parallel tol
many functions

Let
can be formed

R:B> Bbe defined by R

from8toc
03.

Sa Ris symmetric students of the same sex {(x.y):*

Check wheth
2 Now. let ()(G)eR equivalence relation.

is Or
paraliel to alsol, is parallel to
his parallel to l;
4)eR. So.R is
Afunction f:BG be defined by f
transitive.
(b,.9,).(b,.91)} Check whether fi
3. Given, one of the rail lines on
the railway track is Justify your answer.
represented by the equation
y=3x+2
The line parallel .0 Solutions
to line (1) is.

y3x +
..<2) To PPERSANSWER
TiP Total possible relations from B to G
1.
Slope oftwo parallel
=2 = 2= 64
lines is same. Total functions from B toG=2'= 8
2.
where is any arbitrary constant.
3. Reflexive
Thus, line (2) is the required set of rail lines in R
related to it Since x and x are of the same sex.
Or So. (x,x)eR for allx.

Here. S-{(4, ):,is perpendicular to l,) .Risreflexive.

Sis not reflexive as any line l, is not perpendicular to Symmetric
itself.

Le
If x and y are of the same sex. Then y andxart
(4, 4)es same sex.
Now. let (44)es ie (x.y) eR (y. x) eRVxy
is perpendicular to l,
So. R is symmetric.
isperpendicular to
Transitive

so.S is symmetric. If x and y are of the same sex: y and z are oftt
Now, sex, then x andzare of the same
let (4 4).((; 4)eS sex.
is perpendicular to l also l, is perpendicular to l ie (xy)eR. (y. z) eR(x.z) eRVX.y andz
4is parallel to ie. l, is not perpendicular So, R is transitive
to l,
)eR.so 5 is not transitive. Hence,R is an equivalence relation.
Thus,the relationS is symmetric but not transitive.

Case Study 6
An organisation conducted bike race under two
TOPPERSANSWER
different categories-Boys and Girls. There were
f= ((6,9). (b, 92). (b,
9.
It is not bijective as
28 participants in all. Among all of them, finally
three from category Iand two from
category 2 were As
f(b,) = g,and f(b,) =9: B
selected

Gwith
for the final race.

these participants for

Ravi forms two sets B and Though
f(b,) = f(b,) b
his college project.
It is not
one-One as b, and
Let B={b,.b,,b,} and G=(g82h where B are related to
by
represents the set of Boys selected and G the set of
same element g1
As it
Girls selected for the final race. is not one -one, then bjecth
it is not
 Mathematics Class 12 | 17

Case Study 7 Since. (1.3) eR but (3)eR. So. R is not symmetric

A relation R on a set A is said to be an equivalence on A
relation on A iff it is: Since. (1. 3) eR and (39) R but (1.9) e So. R is not

R.
on A
Reflexive a)e RVae
ie.. (a,
A.
transitive

SymmeticLe.. (a, b)e R=(b, a)e R for any a,be A. 5. Clearty 1). (2, 2), (3. 3) eR. So, R is reflexive on A.

(1.
Transitive i.e.. (a, b)eR and (b,c)eR We find that the ordered pairs cbtained by
(a,c)eRfor any a,b, ce A. interchanging the components of ordered pairs in R
Based on the aboveinformation,solve the following are also in R.So, R is symmetric on A
questions For 1. 2. 3 eÁsuch that (.2)and (2.3) are in R
Q1. Ifthe relation R {(1, (1, 2). (1, 3), (2, 2), (2, 3). implies that (1.3) is also. in R.So.R is transitive on A
1),
(3, 1). (3, 2). (3, 3)) defined on the set A (1,2, 3).
Thus, R is an equivalence relation.

then show that the relation R is only reflexive.

02. If the relation R-{(1, 2).(2, 1). (1, 3).(3, Very Short Answer Type Questions
1)
defined on the set A -{1,2, 3), then show that Q1. Let A (0, 1, 2,3} and a relation R in A is defined
relation Ris only symmetric.
as: R-{(0, 0), (0, 1), (0, 3), (1, 0), (1, 1). (2,2). (3,0).
03. If the relation Ron the set N of all natural numbers B,3)) Is R reflexive, symmetric and transitive?
defined as R= ((x, y) :y = x +5 and x<4),then (NCERT EXEMPLAR)

show that R is not reflexive as well as symmetric 92.Show that, in the set of positive integers, the
but R is transitive.
relation 'divide' is reflexive and transitive but not
04 Ifthe relation Ron the set A =(1, 2,3, ..... 13, 14) symmetric.
defined as R={(x,y):3x-y-0), then show that
93. A relation R is defined for set A - (1,2,3} as
Ris not reflexive, symmetric and transitive.
written below: EXEMPLAR)
(NCERT
05. If the relation R on the set A = (1, 2, 3) defined as
R-{(1, 1), (2,2). (3,3), (1, 3))
R-{(1.1), (1,2), (1,3). (2, 1),(2,2), 2,3). (3, 1), (6,2),
Write those ordered pairs which when added in R,
(G.3)), then showthatRis an equivalence relation.
it becomes the smallest equivalence relation.

Q4. IfR= {(1,2),

-Solutions (2, 1), (1, 1), (2, 2)) and S -(2.3).3.2),
2,2),(3,3)) are two transitive relations on set
1 Clearly.(1. 1). (2. 2). (3.3).

Since. (1.2) eR but (2.1) eR. So. R

eR So.R is reflexive

is not symmetric
on A
A=(1,2,3} then showthat RS is reflexive and
symmetric but not transitive.
on A.

Since. (2.3). eR and (3.) eR but (2. 1) eR. So, R is not 05.LetX is a set of real numbers then prove that the
transitive on A. relation R={(a,b):a e X,b e X and a = b} is an
2 Since.
So. R
(1.). (2. 2) and (3.3)are not in R.
not reflexive on A.
equivalence relation. (NCERT EXERCISE)

is
96. Find the number of all one-one functions from the
Now. (1.2) eR (2. 1) eR set A =(1,2, 3} to itself. (NCERT EXERCISE)
and (1.3) eR (3.1) eR.

So. R is symmetric
Q7. Prove that the function f:RR given by
fx) =2x, is one-one andonto. (NCERT EXERCISE)
Clearly. (1.2) eR and (2, 1) eR but (1. 1) «R.
Qa. Prove that f:NN defined by f(x) =x- 1 and
So,R is not transitive A on
f(1)=f2), x >2isonto but not one-one.
3. We have, R ={(x, y):y =x +5 and x < 4) (NCERT EXERCISE)

where X.yeN. 09. Show that the function f:RR defined as

R-{(1.6). (2.7). (3 f(x) =x, is neither one-one nor onto.
8)
Clearly. (1. 1). (2.2) etc. are not in R. So, R is not reflexive. Q 10. Show that the function f:-1,1]R given by

Since. (1. 6)eR but (6.1) eR. So, R is not symmetric. f(x)=is
(x +2)
one-one.

Since. (1.,6) eR and there is no order pair in R which

has 6 as the first element. Same is the case for (2. 7) Short Answer Type-lQuestions
and (3 B).
Q1. Check if the relation R in the set R of real numbers
So. R is transitive as transitivity is not contradicted.
defined as R-{e, b):a <b) is (0) symmetric,
4. We have, R =((x. y):3x -y =0). (i) transitive. (C8SE 2020)

Q2. Show that the relation R in R defined as

where x,yeA=(1.2. ......14)

R-(1.3). (2. 6). (39).(4. 12)) R((a, b) :asb) is reflexive and transitive but

1) e R. So, R is not reflexive on A. not symmetric. (NCERT EXERCISE; CBSE 2019)

Clearly.(1.