Roadmap c1 - Unit 6-10 - Exercises

MODULE 6B
Listening
1. Pair Work
○ Review the definition and discuss the queries.
○ Biome: noun [countable]
2. a distinct ecological community of plants and animals in a specific
climate region
2. What examples of biomes can you name?
3. What are the key features of biomes?
4. Do you enjoy studying biomes? Why or why not?
5. Why do you think this topic attracts attention?
6. Listen to an Interview
○ Match the titles 1-5 with the descriptions a-e of biomes.
1. The Amazon Rainforest
2. The Arctic Tundra
3. The Coral Reef
4. The Desert
5. The Forest
a. A region with minimal rainfall.
b. A region with abundant coral and marine life.
c. A region characterized by extensive vegetation due to high rainfall.
d. A region with sparse vegetation and extreme temperatures.
e. A region featuring a blend of grasses and trees.
Script:
As a leading expert in this field, I can attest to the growing popularity of biomes for a
few key reasons. Firstly, biomes provide a comprehensive and holistic view of the
intricate relationships between living organisms and their physical environment. By
studying biomes, we can gain a deeper understanding of the complex interplay
between climate, soil, and the diverse array of species that thrive within these distinct
ecological regions. Secondly, the ability of biomes to accurately predict the
distribution and behavior of various species has captured the attention of scientists
and the general public alike. The predictive power of biomes is a testament to the
robust scientific principles that underlie this field of study. For instance, our
understanding of the Amazon rainforest's unique climate and vegetation has allowed
us to accurately predict the migration patterns of numerous bird species, while the
Sahara Desert's arid conditions and sparse vegetation have enabled us to anticipate
the adaptations and survival strategies of the region's iconic desert-dwelling animals.
Biomes are crucial for understanding ecosystems because they provide a

comprehensive framework for analyzing the complex interactions between living
organisms and their physical environment. Each biome is characterized by a unique
set of abiotic factors, such as temperature, precipitation, and soil composition, which
in turn shape the composition and dynamics of the resident biotic communities. The
study of biomes also reflects many of the pressing environmental issues we face
today, including climate change, habitat loss, and the delicate balance of
ecosystems. Preserving biomes is essential for maintaining the delicate balance of
our planet's ecosystems and ensuring the continued survival of countless species.
Biomes are not only repositories of biodiversity but also play a vital role in regulating
global climate patterns, water cycles, and nutrient cycling. By protecting and
conserving biomes, we can safeguard the intricate web of life that sustains our
planet.
7. Listen Again and Respond to Questions

○ According to Dr. Rodriguez, what are two reasons for the popularity of
biomes?
○ What are two specific examples she mentions regarding accurate
predictions?
○ Which themes, according to her, reflect contemporary environmental issues?
○ Why are biomes crucial for understanding ecosystems?
○ How does a biome differ fundamentally from an ecosystem?
○ Why is it essential to preserve biomes?
○ What has Dr. Rodriguez devoted considerable effort to for a long period?
8. Pair Work and Discussion

2. Do you agree with Dr. Rodriguez's explanations for why biomes are
popular? Why or why not?
3. Why do you think there is such widespread interest in biomes?
Language Focus
Passive Voice
● Various reasons exist for using the passive voice in English.
a. To maintain focus on what is placed at the sentence beginning.
The Earth's climate is closely monitored. NOT: Closely is monitoring the Earth's climate.
b. When the agent is expressed as a lengthy phrase.
The new research was funded by a government grant. NOT: A government grant funded the
new research.
c. To depersonalize an action or event and avoid assigning direct responsibility.
The new policy was heavily criticized. NOT: We criticized the new policy heavily.
d. When a verb is followed by a dependent preposition, the preposition remains immediately

after the verb.
The story starts when the main character breaks into the control centre. (active) The story
starts when the control centre is broken into. (passive)
e. If the new agent is the recipient, 'to' is added.

They gave the information to the government. (active) The government was given the
information. (passive)
Grammar
Listen to the Sentences
○ When is the /r/ sound in "are" pronounced?

1) Governments are often portrayed as dictatorships.
2) The underlying themes are meant to echo modern concerns.
3) People are made to live in ways they don't want to.
4) People are always under surveillance.
5) Children are abandoned by their parents at an early age.
6) They are given two choices: conform or leave.
Correct the Error in Each Sentence
1. A series of nuclear wars has destroyed the world.

2. Johan Fielding received the award for best performance.
3. The award for best performance was given to Johan Fielding.
4. People constantly hear shouting from loudspeakers in the street as they go to
work.
Vocabulary
9. Select the Correct Words

8. The underlying theme of all biomes is a delicate/rough balance of
ecosystems.
9. Biomes resonate with me as/yet they tie into my love for nature and
conservation.
10. Some biomes reflect/interact most people's environmental concerns at
the moment.
11. Biome stories can be harmful as they evoke worries about/that the
future rather than reality.
12. I can't stand learning about/into biomes as they evoke nothing but
negativity in their audiences.
13. I don't find biomes interesting as/but they fail to reflect reality.
14. Popular biome stories can sometimes have the knock-on effect of
creating the reality they/they’ve attempt to mirror.
15. The best biome stories explore/explores real contemporary situations.
UNIT 6C
Reading and Vocabulary
1. Partner Activity
Review statements A-F and discuss the associated questions.
○ A. Act quickly – Limited time offer!

○ B. New message alert from your bank.
○ C. Currently viewed by 10 people.
○ D. Qualify for free delivery with a £50 purchase.
○ E. Start your free, 30-day trial by clicking here.
○ F. Enter code GT567 during checkout for a 5% discount.
Where might you encounter each statement online?
How does each statement encourage increased purchasing?
2. Article Skim
○ Purchasing online can be a convenient and rewarding experience, but it's
essential to be mindful of the regulations and rules in place to protect
consumers. By understanding and following these guidelines, you can
enjoy the benefits of e-commerce while minimizing the risks of rule-
breaking activities like fraud or identity theft . Remember to always research
the reputation and policies of online retailers , and be vigilant about
protecting your personal and financial information.
3. Partner Discussion
○ Assess comments 1-5 on the article from Exercise 2. Which comments do
you agree with?
○ a. Classify the bolded words as relating to regulation (R), rule-breaking (B), or
rule-following (O).
○ b. Categorize the words and phrases from Exercise 3c accordingly: ban
evasion, freeze, monitor content, self-regulation.
4. Multiple Choice
○ Select the correct option for each sentence.
1. Following the guilty verdict, the state froze all his bank accounts.
2. Several unauthorized and inaccurate copies of her work have
surfaced.
3. Cars have been banned from the town center since 2015.
4. The minister faces charges of tax evasion and a significant penalty.
5. Parents should monitor the content of websites their children visit
closely.
6. The chairman's actions constitute a severe breach of shareholder
trust.
Language Focus
6. Listening Exercise
○ What issue does Melissa face?
○ What advice does Keira Scott provide?
○ Give an example of a regulation she mentions.
7. Language Focus Box Reading
○
8. Listening Practice
○ Identify the emphasized word(s) in each sentence.
1. I demand the minister explain how he obtained those figures.
2. It's essential these practices be regulated.
3. It's absolutely crucial you eliminate temptations to overspend.
9. Sentence Writing
○ Rewrite sentences using the prompts provided.
1. Ask advice on how to study better
2. Give an advice on how to go to your gas station
Speaking
10. Group Discussion
○ Work in small groups to brainstorm and present ideas on selected topics.

○ a. Choose two topics from the list provided.
○ b. Prepare and present measures and responsibilities for each topic.
11. Group Presentation
○ Collaborate in small groups to present selected ideas.

○ a. Work together to formulate and present your proposals.
UNIT 6D
Reading
1. Partner Activity
○ Examine the signs and respond to the prompts.
3. Analyze the humor in the wording of each sign.
4. Which sign appeals to you the most? Why?
5. Identify similar signs in your local area.
2. Read the Blog Post
○ Match different types of word play with the signs from Exercise 1.
Word play, including puns, aptronyms, backronyms, portmanteau words, and spoonerisms,
is a creative and imaginative aspect of language that adds humor, enhances memorability,
and reveals the complexities of language. Puns exploit the ambiguity of words to create
surprise and delight, while aptronyms highlight the contrast between expected and actual
traits. Backronyms create meaning from nothing, portmanteau words blend meanings, and
spoonerisms swap sounds to create humor. These forms of word play not only entertain but
also deepen our understanding of language and its role in shaping our perceptions and
experiences.
3. Partner Discussion
○ Engage in a discussion based on the following questions:
2. Does your language incorporate word play?
3. Can you provide examples?
Language Focus
4. Review the Language Focus Box

○ Locate instances of each comparative type in the blog post from Exercise 2.
Comparatives
1. Use adverbs and adverbials for comparisons of size or extent.

2. Some adverbs have comparative forms similar to adjectives.
3. Use "prefer + to" for expressing general preferences.
4. Numerous idiomatic expressions exist for comparing things.
5. Listen to the Sentences
○
Determine the connection between the bolded letters in each sentence.
4. You should have arrived much earlier than everyone else.
5. Your idea is one of the best I've heard in a long time.
6. Your jokes are nowhere near as bad as his, don't worry.
6. Complete the Sentences
○ Fill in the blanks with appropriate words from the box provided.
○ Four words are unnecessary.
Box: always, good, cleaning, others, visit
Compared to _____, I am usually well kept and tidy. I focus most of my day
into ______ the house, whether or not people are coming to ____. However, I
am not as _____ at it as my sister. It leaves me in awe whenever we
celebrate at their house. It’s _____ so neat.
7. Write Sentences Using Prompts

4. ... doesn't compare to ...
5. I'd prefer to stay home ...
6. ... ranks among the funniest films I've seen.
7. Driving a car is far less ...
Vocabulary
Script:
Person 1: Okay, we need to come up with a great name for our new specialty cheese shop.
This is an important decision, so let's brainstorm some ideas.
Person 2: Hmm, I don't know about that one. It feels a bit too gimmicky to me. How about
something more classic and elegant, like "Fromage Finest"? That has a nice French flair that
I think would work well.
Person 1: "Fromage Finest"? I don't know, that sounds a bit stuffy and pretentious to me. We
want something that's going to grab people's attention and make them excited about our
cheese selection.
Person 2: I'm not sure about that one either. It feels a bit too cutesy and on-the-nose. I was
thinking something more along the lines of "The Artisan Cheese Emporium." That has a nice
sophisticated sound to it.
Person 1: "The Artisan Cheese Emporium"? I don't know, that just sounds like every other
fancy cheese shop out there. We want something that's going to make us stand out from the
crowd.
Person 2: What about "The Cheese Cellar"? That has a nice, cozy and inviting feel to it.
Person 1: "The Cheese Cellar"? I don't know, that just sounds a bit too generic and boring to
me. We need something that's going to really capture people's imagination and make them
excited to come check out our shop.
Person 2: I hear what you're saying, but I'm just not sold on "The Cheese Cellar." It feels a
bit too bland. I really think "The Artisan Cheese Emporium" has a much more elegant and
high-end feel to it.
Person 1: I'm still leaning towards "Curds & Whey" - I think it's a great balance of playfulness
and sophistication.
Person 2: I hear what you're saying, but I'm just not sold on "Curds & Whey." It feels a bit too
cutesy and on-the-nose for my taste. I really think "The Artisan Cheese Emporium" has a
much more elegant and high-end feel to it.
Person 1: I guess we're just going to have to agree to disagree on this one. What do you
think - should we just put it to a vote with the rest of the team?
Person 2: Yeah, maybe that's the best idea.
8. Listen to a Discussion on Naming a Specialist Cheese Shop

2. Do they reach a consensus on a name?
3. Which suggestions do they find appealing?
9. Listen Again
○ Identify the adjectives from the discussion that they use.
Speaking
12. Roleplay as a Marketing Team Member

○ Imagine you're part of a marketing team tasked with naming or creating
slogans for four things.
13. Partner Discussion and Presentation
○ Choose the best name or slogan for each item.
○ Share your choices with the class and decide on the most suitable option for
each.
UNIT 6D
Vocabulary
1. Pair Work
a. Engage in discussion based on the following questions:
b. How do you feel about discussing topics where opinions strongly differ?
Consider the topics listed.
c. artificial intelligence
d. banning single-use plastics
e. minimum wage for freelancers
f. universal healthcare for all
g. What influences you the most in a debate: the argument's content,
presentation style, or speaker engagement?
2. Explore Idioms
a. Identify the common theme among the idioms provided.
1. The new policy will significantly impact the company's future.
2. I'm focusing on becoming a data scientist despite my coding skills.
3. The topic is divisive, navigating it is challenging.
4. Information overload can have both positive and negative
consequences.
5. The company is thriving with multiple new product launches.
6. It's a long shot, but worth proposing these terms.
7. Employees are vehemently opposed to ending flexible hours.
8. Stand firm in your position and don't accept refusal.
9. We're struggling to win support; consumer interest is declining.
3. Match Idioms
a. Connect each idiom from Exercise 2 with its corresponding definition.
4. Pair Discussion
a. Reflect on the following questions with your partner:
1. What are your goals for the coming year? How feasible do you think
they are?
2. Which local companies are currently thriving? What factors contribute
to their success?
3. Who are some celebrities facing significant criticism lately? What are
the reasons?
4. Have you experienced a situation where success seemed unlikely,
such as at home, work, or school? Describe the outcome.
Listening
5. Listen to the Discussion

○ Assess each panelist's stance on the value of obtaining a degree.
6. Review the Recording
○ Take notes on which panelist mentions each topic and their respective views.
7. Pair Discussion
○ Discuss the following:
2. Which panelist's viewpoint resonates with you the most? Why?
3. What additional pros and cons of obtaining a degree can you identify?
Speaking
9. Group Activity
○ Prepare and conduct a panel discussion on one of the given topics:

■ Is social media overwhelming?
■ Are sportspeople overpaid?
■ Should homework be abolished in schools?
■ Is grammar essential in learning English?
■ Should schools enforce uniforms?
CHECKING WHAT YOUVE LEARNED
Section 1: Correct the mistakes. If there are none, retain the sentence.
1. Come what may, everything will done to avoid this outcome.
Correct answer:
2. Several groups have proposed that the rules only be applied in certain
circumstances.
Correct answer:
3. We demand the minister apologizing for his earlier comments.
Correct answer:
4. We suggest you verify the facts carefully.
Correct answer:
5. It's essential they complete the work immediately.
Correct answer:
6. Suffice to say, the situation will be needs to change.
Correct answer:
Section 2: Rearrange the Letters

Put the underlined letters in the correct order to make adjectives.
● laures: surreal
● tnaevlre:
● gvnacatpitni:
● emuosrge:
● ythca
UNIT 7A
The Excitement of Music Festivals
Music festivals are an essential part of contemporary entertainment. They unite people,
provide a stage for talented performers, and create lasting memories. However, what truly
distinguishes a festival? For many, it's not just the music; it's the entire experience. The thrill
of uncovering new artists, the exhilaration of meeting fellow enthusiasts, and the sense of
community from sharing the moment with thousands of others.
Over time, music festivals have evolved to cater to diverse preferences. From electronic
dance music (EDM) to indie rock and pop, there's something to suit everyone. The best
festivals feature both established acts and emerging artists, ensuring there's always
something fresh to discover.
So, how can you make the most of your festival experience? First, plan ahead. Secure your
tickets early to avoid last-minute stress and secure the best accommodation deals. Next,
research the festival lineup and create a personalized schedule to maximize your time. Don't
forget essentials like sunscreen, comfortable footwear, and a portable phone charger.
Lastly, be open to new experiences and willing to try something different. You never know
what hidden gems you might find. Whether you're a seasoned festival-goer or a first-timer,
the key to a memorable experience is being fully present and savoring every moment.
3. Pair up and discuss the following questions:

1. Why do you think music festivals have gained such popularity?
2. What kind of individuals do you believe would most enjoy music festivals?
Why?
Language Focus
4. Read the language focus section. Complete the box using the bold words from the
article in Exercise 2. Determiners
1. Definite determiners: (e.g., the, this/that/these/those, my/your/his/her, etc.)
1. Indefinite determiners: (e.g., a/an, another, some/any/no,
much/many, all/most/each, numbers, etc.)
2. Using two or more determiners
1. Most indefinite determiners can precede a definite determiner,
often with of (e.g., some of the time; three of my friends).
2. Numbers, as well as many/few/little, can follow a definite
determiner (e.g., my three ideas, those few visitors).
3. Modifying determiners 3. Determiners can be modified by adverbs (e.g.,
exactly the problem; almost all the people).
5. Listen to two excerpts from the article. Is the word any emphasized or not? Why?
1. ... discovering new artists and the excitement of meeting fellow fans.
2. ... and don't be afraid to try something different.
b. Determine whether to emphasize any in these examples. Listen and confirm.
1. You can't simply take any car to the festival - it needs to be adapted for rough terrain.
2. Make sure to buy any medical supplies you'll need before you set off.
3. You don't need to stay in a hotel - any field where you can pitch your tent will do.
c. Practice saying the sentences from Exercises 5a and 5b in pairs.
Vocabulary
7. Listen to a discussion between two colleagues about three music festivals.

How does each festival operate?
Script:
Rachel: Hey, Emily, have you been to any of the women's music festivals lately?
Emily: Yeah, I went to the All Things Go Music Festival last weekend. It was amazing!
Rachel: That sounds great. I've been to the Michigan Womyn's Music Festival a few times.
It's always such a powerful experience.
Emily: I've heard about Michfest. It's known for being a women-only space, right?
Rachel: That's correct. It was founded in 1976 and has been running for over 40 years. It's a
place where women can come together and celebrate their music, art, and culture without
the distraction of men.
Emily: That's really cool. I've also heard it's a very inclusive space for women of all ages and
abilities.
Rachel: Absolutely. They have a strong focus on accessibility and inclusivity. They even
have a stage specifically for women with disabilities.
Emily: That's fantastic. I've been to the National Women's Music Festival as well. It's a bit
different from Michfest, but it's still a great space for women to connect and enjoy music.
Rachel: Yeah, I've been to that one too. It's more of a general festival with a mix of music,
workshops, and activities. But it's still a great place for women to come together and feel
supported.
Emily: I think what I love about these festivals is that they provide a safe space for women to
express themselves and connect with others who share similar interests.
Rachel: Exactly. And they're not just about the music; they're about creating a community
and a sense of belonging.
Emily: That's so true. I feel like these festivals are a reminder that women can come together
and support each other, even in a male-dominated industry like music.
Rachel: Absolutely. And it's not just about the music; it's about creating a space where
women can feel empowered and celebrated.
Emily: Well, I'm glad we have these festivals. They're a great way to connect with other
women and celebrate our culture.
Rachel: Me too. Let's make sure to attend more of them in the future.
Emily: Sounds like a plan.
8. Discuss in groups whether you would like to attend any of the festivals
mentioned. Why or why not?
Speaking
9. You're going to plan an excursion to an unfamiliar location in your

region/country. Pair up and follow the instructions:
1. Choose one of the festivals from Exercise 7a.
2. Discuss strategies to ensure a memorable and fulfilling journey.
3. Anticipate potential challenges.
10. Now collaborate with a different pair to share your plans. Identify any
weaknesses in their plans and collaborate on improvements.
11. Compare journeys as a class. Which group has devised the most intriguing plan?
UNIT 7B
Reading
1. Collaborate with a partner. Review the advertisements and discuss the following:
1. Do you believe these could be wise investments? How can you determine
this?
2. What methods do both advertisements employ?
3. How could you gather more information without risking your money?
2. Read the article on financial scams. Is the advice primarily applicable to offers like
those in advert A or advert B?
Article: Concerning financial scams, many people are overly confident. They pat themselves
on the back for recognizing obviously fraudulent ads or messages. We believe we won't fall
for such blatant tricks. Indeed, many scams are glaringly obvious, often riddled with spelling
errors. This may intentionally target only the most gullible victims, filtering out savvy
individuals less likely to hand over money. Ironically, this obviousness leads us into a false
sense of security; we think we know how to spot and avoid scams. Yet, not all scams target
the naive; many aim for more discerning victims like you and me.
One common tactic is the bait and switch, enticing victims with irresistible promises. After
taking the bait and making a payment, victims realize they've received something less
desirable than expected. Scammers then reassure victims they can still obtain the promised
benefits for an additional 'small' fee. Victims may continue throwing good money after bad,
refusing to admit they've been duped. To avoid falling prey, stay vigilant. Verify
endorsements from well-known brands or celebrities mentioned in ads by checking their
official websites. If an ad claims media coverage, verify it online—never click links in
suspicious ads, as they may lead to fake endorsements or malware.
If uncertain about an ad, don't directly contact the advertiser. Scammers often employ skilled
'consultants' who say anything to reassure you. Remember, 'con' comes from 'confidence';
scammers gain your trust to deceive you. Refrain from direct communication until fully
certain everything is legitimate.
Lastly, understand that most scams exploit our greed. Be cautious of offers promising fast
wealth—if it seems too good to be true, it probably is. Stay sharp!
3. Work with a partner. Do you agree with the advice in the article? What additional
advice would you suggest?
Vocabulary
4. Identify words and phrases in bold from the article that match the following:
1. A deceptive trick:
2. Someone who deceives others:
3. A strategy that exploits a situation:
4. Easily deceived, naive:
5. Aware and resistant to deception:
6. Attracting into a trap:
7. Genuine, legal, not a scam:
8. Not genuine, counterfeit:
9. Asserts truth:
5. Collaborate with a partner to discuss:
1. Methods used by con artists to lull victims into a false sense of security.
2. Are you generally naive or streetwise in recognizing scams?
Language Focus
6. Listen to a radio phone-in excerpt. What are the caller's reasons for calling, steps
taken to verify an offer, reasons for not withdrawing money earlier, and feelings about
allegations from his daughter.
Script:
Host: Welcome back to "The Truth Uncovered" on 95.5 FM. We're taking your calls tonight.
Our next caller is John from Springfield. John, thanks for calling in. What's on your mind?
John: Hi, thank you for taking my call. I wanted to share my experience with an investment
offer that I recently received. It was from a company claiming to offer high returns on a low-
risk investment. I was skeptical at first, but they provided all the necessary documents and
verification steps to ensure the legitimacy of the offer.
Host: That sounds thorough. Did you take any additional steps to verify the offer before
investing?
John: Yes, I did. I checked the company's registration with the state, looked up reviews
online, and even spoke with a financial advisor to get their opinion. Everything seemed to
check out, so I decided to invest.
Host: That's great due diligence. Did you ever consider withdrawing your money earlier,
perhaps when you started to have doubts?
John: Honestly, no. I was convinced that the investment was going to pay off, and I didn't
want to miss out on the potential returns. It wasn't until my daughter started questioning the
investment and saying it was a scam that I started to have second thoughts.
Host: That must have been tough. How did you feel when your daughter started expressing
those concerns?
John: It was really tough. I felt defensive at first, but then I started to realize that maybe she
was right. I didn't want to admit that I might have made a mistake. But after doing some
more research and talking to other people who had similar experiences, I realized that my
daughter was right all along. The company was a scam, and I lost a significant amount of
money.
Host: I'm so sorry to hear that, John. It's great that you're sharing your story to help others
avoid similar situations. Do you have any advice for our listeners who might be considering
similar investments?
John: Yes. Always be cautious and do your research. Don't be afraid to ask questions and
verify the legitimacy of the offer. And don't be too proud to admit when you might be wrong.
It's okay to make mistakes, but it's not okay to ignore the signs and keep on going.
Host: Thank you, John, for sharing your story with us tonight.
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7. Discuss:
● What were you expecting to happen, and what actually occurred?

● How many emails do you receive daily, and how many of them are scams?
● Recently, from whom did you receive an email, and what did it claim?
Speaking
Prepare by listening to the end of the radio phone-in. Note the things advised to victims of
scams.
8. Role-play:
● Student A: Share exciting news of your investment in one of the advertised schemes.
● Student B: Express concerns about your friend's potential involvement in a scam and
offer advice.
Script:
Student A: Hey, I have some amazing news I just invested in that new cryptocurrency
scheme that's been advertised everywhere. I'm really excited about the potential returns!
Student B: Whoa, hold up. You invested in that? I've been hearing some red flags about that
company. Have you done your research?
Student A: Yeah, I did. They provided all the necessary documents and verification steps. It
seemed legit.
Student B: That's not enough. Just because they provide documents doesn't mean they're
not a scam. I've seen companies like that before. They promise the world but deliver
nothing. Have you talked to anyone else who's invested?
Student B: Look, I know you're excited, but I'm worried about you. You're not exactly
financially savvy. Have you considered the risks? What if this is a scam?
Student A: I know it's a risk, but I'm willing to take it. I've been doing some research, and it
seems like a lot of people are making money from it.
Student B: That's exactly what they want you to think. Scammers often make it seem like
everyone else is making money so you'll join in. But the truth is, most people lose their
money. Trust me, I've seen it happen before.
Student A: I understand your concerns, but I've already put in my money. I'm just going to
ride it out and see what happens.
Student B: Okay, but please be careful. Keep an eye on your account and don't send any
more money unless you're sure it's legitimate. And if you start to lose money, don't hesitate
to reach out to me or someone else for help.
Student A: Thanks, man. I appreciate your concern. I'll definitely keep an eye on it.
Student B: That's all I can ask for. Just be smart and don't get caught up in the hype.
9. Swap roles and repeat the conversation.
UNIT 7C
Comprehension
1. Collaborate in groups. What essential skills and competencies should a young

person possess before living independently away from home? Compile a list
encompassing practical skills as well as theoretical knowledge.
○ Examples include financial management, culinary skills, laundry care, and
effective time management.
2. Review the blog entry. What skills and competencies does it highlight?
Blog Entry: Mastering Face-to-Face Communication in a Digital World
In today's digital era, screens and keyboards dominate our interactions. With the advent of
social media and instant messaging, there's a risk of neglecting the value of in-person
conversations. Is this shift impacting our ability to engage meaningfully? Many individuals
now rely heavily on digital platforms for socializing, but this convenience comes with
consequences. The art of conversation, crucial for building strong relationships and fostering
empathy, is at risk.
For instance, young professionals often struggle with small talk or deep discussions in face-
to-face settings. Their reliance on digital tools can lead to misunderstandings and hinder
genuine connections. This shift away from direct interaction also affects mental well-being,
reducing opportunities for profound interpersonal bonds.
To preserve meaningful conversation, it's essential to prioritize face-to-face interactions—

whether through informal chats over coffee or family meals. Active listening and asking
open-ended questions are also pivotal in fostering enriching dialogues.
3. Pair up and discuss the following questions:

1. How frequently do you engage in face-to-face conversations? What topics
interest you the most?
2. Do you utilize digital tools to communicate with friends or family? Do you
believe these tools are beneficial or detrimental?
3. Do you agree on the importance of preserving the art of conversation? Can
you propose other methods to encourage meaningful interactions?
Vocabulary
4. Examine the comments on the blog post below. Which bold expressions relate to:
○ High proficiency in a specific area?
○ Reasonable proficiency in a skill?
○ Versatility across various skills?
○ Acquisition or decline of skills?
○ Lack of proficiency?
Dave: I'm not exactly a master of small talk, but I try to be friendly and approachable.
Hannah: I used to be pretty good at public speaking, but now I'm really rusty.
Ben: I'm more of a generalist when it comes to social situations—I can handle most
conversations.
Tara: I used to be very shy, but I'm much more confident now in social settings.
Omar: Initially, I struggled in meetings at work, but now I'm much more comfortable.
Ada: I used to excel at resolving conflicts, but my skills have diminished over time.
Language Study
6. Refer to the language focus box. Match examples 1-9 from the blog post in Exercise
2 with points a-d.
○ Reduced relative clauses and similar structures:
■ Reduced relative clauses
■ a We often shorten a relative clause by omitting the relative
pronoun (e.g., who, which, that) and the verb be at the
beginning, leaving an -ing form (e.g., looking) or a past
participle (e.g., made).
■ Active voice: This blog is for anyone seeking valuable skills.
■ Passive voice: I appreciated the suggestions made by the author.
■ Reduced relative clauses are concise, though they require more effort
from the listener to fill in the missing information.
■ We can form reduced relative clauses with -ing forms even when a
continuous verb form wouldn't naturally fit in a full relative clause.
■ Once, I bought a takeaway costing half my weekly salary. (= which
cost, NOT which was costing)
■ Similar structures
■ b To-infinitives, often indicating necessity or capability. There
are many ingredients to buy. (= which we must buy).
■ I have no time to think. (= when I can think)
■ c Prepositional phrases: an article by a famous writer (= an
article which is/was by a famous writer)
■ d Adjectival phrases: an article full of ideas (= an article which
is/was full of ideas)
Oral Communication
7 a. You'll participate in a discussion about skills and competencies. Initially, listen to

individuals discussing the same topic. Identify whether each statement belongs to
Shanika (S) or Kasem (K).
● I think adaptability is one of the most crucial skills.

● I also think strong communication skills are key.
● And I think emotional intelligence is often overlooked but is actually a vital
skill.
● We have to be willing to continuously upskill and expand our knowledge to
stay ahead of the curve.
● Absolutely.
Script:
S: Kasem, what do you think are the most important skills and competencies that are useful
in our line of work?
K: Well, Shanika, I think adaptability is one of the most crucial skills. With the pace of change
in our industry, you have to be able to pivot and adjust your approach as needed. Whether
it's staying up-to-date on the latest technologies or adapting to new market trends, being
able to think on your feet is vital.
S: That's a great point. Being able to adapt to new situations and challenges is definitely
essential. I also think strong communication skills are key. We have to be able to effectively
convey complex information to a wide range of stakeholders, from technical details to high-
level summaries.
K: Absolutely. Communication is critical. And I'd also add that critical thinking and problem-
solving skills are essential. We have to be able to analyze a situation, identify the root cause,
and come up with creative solutions. It's not just about applying a formula or following a set
of rules; it's about being able to think critically and come up with innovative solutions.
S: That's so true. And I think emotional intelligence is often overlooked but is actually a vital
skill. Being able to empathize with others, manage your own emotions, and navigate
interpersonal dynamics is crucial in our line of work.
K: Definitely. Emotional intelligence helps us build strong relationships and work effectively
with others. And I'd also say that having a growth mindset is essential. We have to be willing
to continuously upskill and expand our knowledge to stay ahead of the curve.
S: I completely agree. Those are all such important skills and competencies. It's great to
discuss this and learn from each other.
K: Absolutely. These conversations help us stay sharp and adaptable in our work. And it's
always good to remind ourselves of the importance of these skills.
S: Absolutely. Thanks for sharing your insights, Kasem.
b. Collaborate in pairs. Select one of the skills below or propose your own. Develop a few
concise arguments supporting and opposing the notion that this skill is essential in the
contemporary world.
● DIY/home repairs
● Mental arithmetic
● Navigating without GPS
● Sewing/clothing repairs
UNIT 7D
Vocabulary
1. Working in Pairs: Skills for Debates

a. Engage in the following scenarios where individuals might advocate for
positions they don't personally endorse. Think of how they would react.
i. A teacher supporting a new curriculum despite personal reservations.
ii. A journalist crafting an article that contradicts their own viewpoints.
iii. A scientist presenting research that challenges their own theories.
2. Have you ever defended a stance you don't believe in? What was the outcome? How
challenging was it?
3. a. Arrange the stages of a typical debate in the correct sequence:
a. Team A argues in favor of the motion, articulating their stance effectively.
b. Team B presents their own counterarguments.
c. The winning side is determined by a show of hands.
d. Audience questions may follow, concluded by summaries and closing
statements from team leaders.
e. The chair introduces the motion and reminds speakers of the rules.
f. Team A endeavors to persuade the audience against the motion.
g. Team B attempts to rebut Team A's arguments.
Listening
4. a You will listen to a segment of a debate. Before listening, review the motion. Work
in pairs to devise three arguments in favor and three against.
Script:
[Opening]
Chair Rachel Chen: Welcome to the English Debating Society. Today's motion is: The
government should increase investment in renewable energy sources. Proposing the motion
are Emma Taylor and Jack Harris. Opposing the motion are Sophia Patel and Ethan Lee.
[Proposition]
Emma Taylor: Renewable energy sources like wind, solar, and hydroelectric power are
clean, sustainable, and abundant. Investing in these technologies will reduce our reliance on
polluting fossil fuels, helping to combat climate change. The initial costs may be high, but the
long-term benefits to our environment and energy security make this a wise investment for
the government.
Jack Harris: Renewable energy creates jobs in growing industries and boosts local
economies. It also increases energy independence and insulates us from volatile global
fossil fuel markets. The technology is rapidly improving and becoming more cost-effective.
Now is the time for the government to lead the transition to a renewable energy future.
[Opposition]
Sophia Patel: While renewable energy has promise, the technology is still not reliable or
scalable enough to fully replace fossil fuels. Intermittent wind and solar cannot provide the
steady baseload power our economy requires. The costs of transitioning would be
astronomical and place an undue burden on taxpayers and consumers.
Ethan Lee: We should not rush into an energy transition that could severely damage our
economy. Fossil fuels remain the most affordable and accessible energy sources. The
government should focus investment on improving the efficiency and environmental impact
of conventional energy, rather than subsidizing unproven renewable technologies.
[Conclusion]
Chair Rachel Chen: That concludes the debate. The house will now vote on the motion: The
government should increase investment in renewable energy sources.
b Listen to the beginning of the debate. What three arguments does the speaker present?
Do they align with your ideas?
5. Which rhetorical techniques 1-6 does the speaker utilize in excerpts a-i below? Some
excerpts may encompass more than one technique.
● The speaker contrasts 'us' versus 'them'.
● They employ impactful negative imagery (e.g., metaphors, vivid descriptions).
● They encourage listeners to use their imaginations and recall personal
experiences.
● They use structures such as 'worse and worse' to describe ongoing
processes.
● They pose questions to prompt listeners to think critically.
● Their ideas are presented in sets of three—typically two brief ideas followed
by a more detailed one.
6. Examine the Useful phrases. Who would likely utter them, the debate chair (C) or a
participant (D)?
● Useful phrases
● Thank you all for joining us.
● Tonight, we are debating the motion that...
● Finally, I'd like to emphasize that...
● Therefore, I strongly believe that...
● Allow me to present my arguments by focusing on...
● Without further delay, let me introduce our first speaker.
● To summarize....
● Secondly, consider the fact that...
● I'm certain many of you have experienced... I remind the audience
that... Your two minutes start now.
7. Work in Pairs and discuss:
● Do you agree with the speaker's three arguments?
● Were you influenced by their techniques?
● Do you believe they genuinely hold those beliefs, or are they aiming solely to
win the debate?
Speaking
8. Form groups of three or five. Select one of the following motions to debate:
● Cars should be prohibited in city centers.

● Urban joggers should be confined to designated areas (e.g., parks).
● Tourists should be charged substantial fees to visit specific sites. City governments
should subsidize e-scooters.
UNIT 8A
Exercise 1: Hobbies Around the World
People from various corners of the globe engage in a plethora of fascinating hobbies,
ranging from collecting rare coins to training pet parrots. Below are some examples of
unique hobbies enjoyed worldwide:
● Cheese Rolling in Gloucestershire, England: Each year, individuals gather at

Cooper's Hill in Gloucestershire to chase a large round of cheese down a steep hill.
Participants tumble and roll in pursuit of the cheese, making it an unusual yet
exhilarating hobby that draws crowds from around the world.
● Bonsai Tree Cultivation in Japan: The art of growing miniature bonsai trees is a
beloved pastime in Japan. Enthusiasts meticulously prune and shape these trees
over many years to create intricate, natural-looking miniatures, requiring immense
patience and attention to detail.
● Extreme Ironing in Various Locations: This hobby involves ironing clothes in
remote or unusual locations, such as cliffs, underwater, or even while skydiving. It's
an eccentric activity that combines the mundane with the adventurous.
● Toe Wrestling in Derbyshire, England: In this quirky sport, participants interlock
their bare toes and attempt to pin down their opponent's foot. Originating as a pub
game in the 1970s, it has evolved into an annual championship event.
These examples highlight the diverse and captivating hobbies that enrich people's lives
worldwide, offering opportunities for creativity, relaxation, and personal growth.
Exercise 2: Listening
2a. Listen to recordings of eight individuals describing their hobbies. Take notes on their
respective interests.
Script:
[Opening]
Host: Welcome to our special segment where we explore the fascinating hobbies of our
guests. Today, we have a diverse group of individuals who have pursued their passions with
dedication and enthusiasm. Let's dive into their stories.
[Speaker 1]
Host: Speaker 1 collects rare coins and stamps. How long have you been collecting, and do
you have a memorable experience connected to your hobby?
Speaker 1: I've been collecting for over 20 years now. One memorable experience was
when I found a rare coin that completed a set I had been working on for years. It was a
thrilling moment!
[Speaker 2]
Host: Speaker 2 trains pet parrots to perform tricks. How long have you been training
parrots, and do you possess a unique talent related to your hobby?
Speaker 2: I recently started training parrots, and I think my unique talent is being able to
understand and communicate with them effectively. It's amazing to see how quickly they
learn and adapt.
[Speaker 3]
Host: Speaker 3 practices the art of bonsai tree cultivation. How long have you been
cultivating bonsai trees, and do you have a preferred location for your hobby?
Speaker 3: I've been cultivating bonsai trees for over 15 years now. I prefer practicing in my
backyard, where I have a dedicated space for my trees. The fresh air and natural light help
me connect with my hobby.
[Speaker 4]
Host: Speaker 4 engages in extreme ironing in remote locations. How long have you been
ironing in unusual places, and do you practice your hobby in an unconventional manner?
Speaker 4: I've been ironing in extreme locations for about 5 years now. Yes, I practice my
hobby in an unconventional manner. It's all about finding creative ways to iron in unexpected
places!
[Speaker 5]
Host: Speaker 5 competes in toe wrestling championships. Do you possess a unique talent
related to your hobby, and have you recently started competing?
Speaker 5: I've been toe wrestling for about 10 years now. I think my unique talent is my
ability to adapt to different opponents and strategies. And yes, I recently started competing in
professional tournaments.
[Speaker 6]
Host: Speaker 6 enjoys rock climbing and mountaineering. Do you have a preferred location
for your hobby, and have you had a memorable experience connected to your hobby?
Speaker 6: I prefer climbing in the mountains, where the scenery is breathtaking and the
challenges are more intense. One memorable experience was when I summited a difficult
peak and felt an incredible sense of accomplishment.
[Speaker 7]
Host: Speaker 7 writes and publishes fantasy novels. How long have you been writing, and
do you share your hobby with a friend?
Speaker 7: I've been writing for about 10 years now. I share my hobby with my best friend,
who is also a writer. We often discuss our work and offer each other feedback and support.
[Speaker 8]
Host: Speaker 8 restores and customizes vintage cars. Do you aim to improve your skills in
your hobby, and have you had a memorable experience connected to your hobby?
Speaker 8: Yes, I aim to continuously improve my skills and knowledge in car restoration.
One memorable experience was when I restored a classic car and saw it come back to life
after years of neglect.
[Closing]
Host: That concludes our segment on the fascinating hobbies of our guests. Each of them
has a unique story and passion that brings them joy and fulfillment. Thank you for joining us
today.
2b. Listen again. Identify which speaker:
1. has pursued their hobby for an extended period?

2. recently started their hobby?
3. possesses a unique talent related to their hobby?
4. practices their hobby in an unconventional manner?
5. has a preferred location for their hobby?
6. shares their hobby with a friend?
7. has a memorable experience connected to their hobby?
8. aims to improve their skills in their hobby?
Exercise 3: Discussion
1. Which of these hobbies do you find most intriguing? Why?

2. Do you participate in any of these hobbies? Explain.
Exercise 4: Language Focus
4. Work in pairs. Review sentences a-h and discuss whether or not you can relate to
the following topics.
a. Since childhood, I've been collecting coins.
b. My interest in painting began during college.
c. Writing stories has always been a passion of mine. d. I often find myself lost in
thought while drawing.
e. Typically, I watch movies during my free time.
f. I have a favorite painting spot.
g. I can't help but doodle during meetings.
h. I often feel a strong urge to create something new.
5. Are these statements describing single events or ongoing hobbies?

6. Are these actions deliberate or spontaneous?
Exercise 5: Vocabulary
9. Work in pairs. Read the sentences and discuss the meanings of the idioms in bold.
a. Receiving tickets to the concert made me jump for joy!
b. The amazing food at that new restaurant had me at hello.
c. When I started learning a new language, I felt like I was in a fog.
d. I was on cloud nine after completing my first marathon.
e. When asked to do a presentation, I saw red and got very nervous.
f. Passing my driving test made me feel on top of the world.
g. I always feel out of it when arriving in a foreign country.
h. Please be careful not to make a fool of yourself at her party.
i. Customers were up in arms about the company's return policy change.
j. We were over the moon upon learning about the baby.
b Analyze the idioms from Exercise 9a. Determine which ones express feelings of
excitement (E), happiness (H), confusion (C), pride (P), nervousness (N), and anger (A).
Exercise 6: Speaking
11. In groups of three, conduct a survey to identify individuals with unusual hobbies.
Refer to different pages as indicated to start the survey.
12. Approach other students and inquire about their hobbies. Record their responses
and delve into specifics. Compare findings within your group. Which hobby appears
to be the most popular among those surveyed?
UNIT 8B
Exercise 1: Moments in Television History
Read the list of events and decide whether you think they really happened.
1. The first humans to walk on the moon were broadcast live on television.
2. The first computer bug was found in a Harvard computer and disrupted a television
broadcast.
3. The first commercial airliner was featured in a television advertisement.
4. The first mobile phone call was made on live television.
Read the article and check your answers.

Moments in Television History that Nearly Changed Everything
The moon landing nearly didn't make it to television. The Apollo 11 mission was the first to
land humans on the moon, but it nearly didn't happen due to a computer error that caused
the spacecraft to veer off course. The astronauts had to manually adjust the course to
ensure a safe landing, which was then broadcast live on television to millions of viewers
around the world.
A bug nearly stopped the first live television broadcast. The first computer bug was found in
a Harvard computer in 1947. It was an actual insect that had been accidentally lodged in the
computer's relay switch. The bug caused the computer to malfunction, disrupting a live
television broadcast and taking several hours to fix.
Work in groups and discuss the questions.
1. Which of the events in the article were most surprising?

2. Do you know of any other events like this in the history of television that nearly had
huge consequences?

Look at the article.
1. What time are they all set in?

●
2. What time do they refer to?
●
3. Which describe changes that were imminent or about to happen?
●
You're going to describe a pivotal moment in the history of television. Make notes on what
happened. Use the questions to help you.
1. What were you doing when it happened?

● You could describe your own experience of watching a significant television
event, or the actions of others involved in the event.
2. What happened?
● You can describe the pivotal moment in television history, such as the first
live broadcast of a major event or the introduction of a groundbreaking new
technology.
3. What did you think would happen with each option?
● You can discuss the expectations and potential outcomes surrounding the
television event, and how it could have unfolded differently.
4. How do you feel about it now?
● You can reflect on the historical significance of the television event and its
lasting impact on the medium and society.
For example, you could describe the first live television broadcast of the moon landing:
● What were you doing when it happened? I was sitting in front of the television with
my family, eagerly waiting to witness this historic moment.
UNIT 8C
Exercise 1: Surviving the Workplace
1. a List the top three advantages and disadvantages of working in an office setting.
Take notes. b Partner up and compare your ideas. Are there any positives that can
offset the disadvantages?
Navigating the Office Environment: A Survival Manual Working in an office can feel like
navigating a jungle, presenting daily challenges that test your patience and professionalism.
However, fear not! This practical survival guide offers strategies to thrive in even the most
chaotic workplaces.
Exercise 2: Dealing with Coworkers
1. Avoiding Lunchroom Etiquette Mishaps The lunchroom can be a minefield of social

norms. Avoid taking the last slice of pizza or yogurt from the fridge to prevent
passive-aggressive reactions and gossip. Bring your own lunch and clearly label it.
And whatever you do, refrain from heating up pungent foods like tuna casserole to
spare your coworkers' olfactory senses.
2. Mastering Cubicle Etiquette Your cubicle is your sanctuary. Respect your neighbor's
space at all costs; borrowing a pen should never encroach on their territory. Keep
noise levels low; nobody wants to overhear your personal conversations, especially
during a brief phone call with your dentist.
3. Navigating Office Politics Office politics can be complex. Avoid involvement in gossip
or disputes; maintain a strong work ethic and impartial stance. When possible,
advocate for diplomacy and rationality.
4. Surviving Team-Building Activities Team-building exercises can challenge introverts.
Participate actively, maintain a positive demeanor, and avoid suggesting activities
that may cause discomfort, such as trust falls.
5. Mastering Elevator Etiquette Elevator rides can be awkward. Minimize eye contact
and avoid small talk by pretending to focus on important emails on your phone.

Review the language focus box. Match the following examples from the article with points a-
e:
a. Refrain from taking the last slice of pizza.

b. Never invade your neighbor's cubicle space.
c. Advocate for diplomacy whenever possible.
d. Participate in team-building exercises, even if reluctantly.
e. Avoid making eye contact in elevators.
Complete the sentences using the idioms from the box.
Box: playing with fire, watch your step, take a calculated risk, watch my step, keep
your head down, play it safe, finding their feet, run the risk
1. You'd better ___ when it comes to office politics - it's best not to get involved.
2. I decided to ___ and invest in the new company after carefully analyzing the data.
3. During the team-building exercise, I tried to ___ and not draw too much attention to
myself.
4. When the boss is out of the office, I can ___ and take a longer lunch break.
5. ____ by gossiping about your coworkers can lead to trouble - you never know who
might overhear.
6. With the big presentation coming up, I don't want to___ and make any mistakes.
7. The new employee is still ____- it's best to give them some time to settle in.
8. You'll need to ___ in the crowded elevator, or you might bump into someone.
10. Create a list of tips on how to successfully navigate a work retreat.

11. Work with your partner to select the five most valuable pieces of advice for surviving
a work retreat.
12. a Partner with another pair. Share your tips and discuss if there are any additional
suggestions.
UNIT 8D
Exercise 1: Communication Preferences

1. Work in pairs and discuss the following questions:
a. What are the main platforms you use for making calls (e.g., mobile phone,
landline, VoIP, video conferencing)?
b. What are the advantages and disadvantages of each platform?
c. How has your communication preferences changed over time?
2. Complete the sentences with the correct form of the words and phrases in the box.
Box: mobile app, landline, computer, video call, audio call, screen share, mute, on
hold
a. I prefer to use a __________ when I'm at home rather than my mobile phone.
b. I leave my phone on ____ when I have to pick up my delivery during calls.
c. I have to ____ my presentation for this meeting.
a. What are the key factors you consider when choosing a communication platform?
b. Have you ever experienced technical issues during a call? How did you handle it?
c. Do you prefer audio calls or video calls? Why?
d. How often do you use a landline versus mobile or VoIP platforms?
5. a. Listen to a conversation between two colleagues discussing a communication
issue. Why do they have trouble communicating?
b. Which of the following statements are true about the conversation?
a. One of the speakers is in a noisy environment.
b. One of the speakers have unstable connection
Script:
Colleague 1: Hi, I wanted to discuss the meeting we had yesterday. I felt like we didn't quite
get on the same page regarding the project timeline.
Colleague 2: (pausing) Yeah, I think you're right. I had some trouble hearing you clearly
during the call. My connection was a bit spotty.
Colleague 1: (pausing) Oh, sorry to hear that. I was having trouble hearing you too. It
sounded like you were cutting out every few seconds.
Colleague 2: (interrupted by static) Yeah... sorry about that. It was really frustrating. I
couldn't get a clear signal.
Colleague 1: (straining to hear) What was that? Could you repeat what you just said?
Colleague 2: (speaking slowly and loudly) I SAID IT WAS REALLY FRUSTRATING. I
COULDN'T GET A CLEAR SIGNAL.
Colleague 1: (straining to hear) Okay, got it. So, what do you think we should do to improve
our communication?
Colleague 2: (interrupted by static) Uh... I think we should... (pauses) Wait, can you hear me
now?
Colleague 1: (straining to hear) Yeah, I think so. You're coming through a bit clearer now.
Colleague 2: (speaking slowly and loudly) OKAY, SO I THINK WE SHOULD... (pauses)
Wait, what was that noise?
Colleague 1: (laughing) I think it's just your connection dropping out again.
Colleague 2: (laughing) Yeah, sorry about that. I guess we'll have to try again another time.
Colleague 1: (laughing) Yeah, definitely. Maybe we can schedule a follow-up call when our
connections are better.
9. Work in pairs and discuss how your intonation changes when stalling for time versus
wanting to finish a conversation.
b. Create six phrases and identify if the speaker is stalling for time or wanting to finish
the conversation.
c. Practice the phrases with your partner, focusing on the appropriate intonation.
UNIT 9A
Choose the correct alternatives.
a. Have you ever had to backtrack/retrace/undo your steps when walking your
dog?
b. What are the pros and cons of having an indoor versus outdoor pet?
c. Are you more of a dog person or do you prefer feline companions?
d. How far is it from here to the nearest pet supply store, as the
crow/eagle/hamster runs?
e. Do you ever take the scenic/direct/efficient route when walking your dog?
f. Are there any areas of your neighborhood that pet owners tend to avoid/steer
clear of/step into?
Exercise 2: Grammar
1. Complete the sentences with one word. The first letter is given.
2. I receive a lot of pet care emails, but I try to r... them quickly.
3. Are you sure this vet bill is a... your budget?
4. They said the dog was sick, but it was all an e... to get out of walking it.
5. You're so d... - you believe everything the pet store tells you.
6. When I read those positive reviews about the new cat food, it lulled me into a false
sense of s...
7. We were totally o... charged for the grooming appointment.
5. a. Listen to five extracts from pet owners discussing their animals
Script:
Extract 1: Understanding Pet Behavior
Pet Owner: "I'm really struggling to understand why my dog is acting so anxious
lately. He used to be so calm, but now he's constantly whining and pacing around the
house. I feel like I'm missing something, but I don't know what it is."
Pet Owner: "I've tried talking to other pet owners, but they all seem to have different
opinions on what might be causing it. I just want to know how to help my dog feel
better."
Extract 2: Communication Breakdowns
Pet Owner: "I had a really frustrating experience at the vet's office last week. They
kept interrupting me and not listening to what I had to say. I felt like they were just
trying to rush me out of there without really understanding what was going on with my
pet."
Pet Owner: "I know they're busy, but that doesn't mean they can't take the time to
listen to me. I want to feel like they care about my pet's well-being, not just about
making a quick buck."
Extract 3: Emotional Connection
Pet Owner: "I know it sounds silly, but I feel like my cat is really trying to tell me
something. She's been acting really strange lately, and I just can't shake the feeling
that she's trying to communicate with me."
Pet Owner: "I've tried talking to other pet owners who have cats, but they all seem to
think I'm just being paranoid. I know it's not just me, though. There has to be
something going on that I'm missing."
Extract 4: Scheduling Issues
Pet Owner: "I had a really tough time getting an appointment with my vet last week.
They kept telling me they were booked solid, but I knew they had to have some
availability somewhere."
Pet Owner: "I ended up having to wait a week just to get a simple check-up. It was
really frustrating, and I feel like they could have done a better job of managing their
schedule."
Extract 5: Treatment Plans
Pet Owner: "I'm really struggling to understand the treatment plan for my dog's
condition. The vet explained it to me, but it all just sounded like a bunch of technical
jargon to me."
Pet Owner: "I know they're trying to help, but I feel like they could do a better job of
explaining things in a way that makes sense to me. I just want to know how to help
my dog feel better."
b. Discuss the strategies you would use to address each of these problems.
Find a partner. Think of strategies on how to improve the livelihoods of pets in your area.
Then, prepare a presentation on your top 5 suggestions.
UNIT 9B
Exercise 1: Discussing Stories

a. Do you enjoy telling stories about your personal experiences? Why or why not?
b. What are some common reasons people tell stories in everyday life?
c. How is storytelling in a casual conversation different from storytelling in a formal
presentation?
Exercise 2: Narrative Tenses

2. a. Listen to an extract from a podcast where the speaker recounts a personal
experience. In what order does the speaker mention feeling the following emotions:
excitement, nervousness, embarrassment, relief, pride?
b. Does the speaker tell the story in chronological order, or do they jump around in
the timeline?
Script: "I remember when I first started my podcast, I was so excited to share my ideas and
connect with listeners. I had been preparing for months, and I felt like I had a lot to offer. But
as the first episode approached, I started to feel a little nervous. What if nobody listened?
What if my guests didn't show up? What if I messed up the recording? It was a lot of
pressure.
But when the first episode dropped, I felt a huge sense of pride. I had done it. I had taken
the leap and created something I was passionate about. And the feedback was amazing.
People were reaching out, telling me how much they enjoyed the show, and asking for more.
But then, as the episodes kept coming out, I started to feel a little embarrassed. I realized
that I wasn't perfect. I made mistakes, and sometimes my guests didn't quite fit the mold I
had envisioned. And I started to worry that people would stop listening.
But then, something amazing happened. The more episodes I released, the more I realized
that I was actually making a difference. People were connecting with each other, and with
the topics we were discussing. And I felt a deep sense of relief. I knew that I had made the
right decision in starting this podcast, and that it was going to be a journey that would
continue to grow and evolve.
And now, as I look back on those early days, I realize that it was all part of the process. The
excitement, the nervousness, the pride, the embarrassment, and the relief. It was all part of
the journey to creating something that truly mattered to me.”
Complete the sentences with the adverbs in the box.
Box: badly, clearly, closely, competently, continually, dramatically, politely,
uncontrollably, unenthusiastically
1. I need to go to the restroom very ____.

2. I _____ try to compete in cooking competitions whenever I get the chance.
3. She ____ declined the offer of the man to sit down in the train.
Exercise 4: Storytelling Practice

7. a. 8.3 Listen to some friends telling personal stories. Put the events from the stories
into chronological order. How does this differ from the order the speakers mentioned
them?
b. Work in pairs to plan your own personal story using the past simple to order the
events chronologically.
Script:
Monologue 1: Sarah's Story
"June 15, 2024 - My name is Sarah, and I've always been a bit of a dreamer. Ever since I
was a little girl, I've had this vision of opening my own bakery, filling it with the most delicious
pastries and breads. It's been a long and winding road, but I'm finally here, standing in the
middle of my very own shop. The smell of freshly baked croissants fills the air, and I can't
help but feel a sense of pride and accomplishment. Sure, there have been challenges along
the way, but seeing the smiles on my customers' faces as they take that first bite makes it all
worth it. This is my dream, and I'm living it. Who would have thought?"
Monologue 2: Michael's Perspective
"March 20, 2024 - I never thought I'd be the type of person to start a non-profit organization,
but here I am, doing just that. It all started when I witnessed a homeless man struggling on
the streets, and I knew I had to do something. I couldn't just turn a blind eye. So, I gathered
a few friends, and we started collecting donations, organizing food drives, and providing
basic necessities to those in need. It's been a whirlwind, but the sense of purpose I feel is
unlike anything I've ever experienced. Seeing the impact we're making, even in small ways,
is truly humbling. This is my calling, and I'm grateful to be able to make a difference, one
person at a time."
Monologue 3: Emily's Journey
"September 12, 2023 - When I was diagnosed with cancer, my world turned upside down. I
remember the fear, the uncertainty, and the overwhelming feeling of not knowing what the
future held. But through it all, I found strength in the support of my family and friends. They
rallied around me, lifting me up when I felt like I couldn't go on. And now, after years of
treatment and recovery, I'm standing here, cancer-free and more grateful for life than ever
before. This experience has taught me to never take a single moment for granted. I'm living
each day to the fullest, embracing every opportunity that comes my way. It's been a long and
difficult journey, but I wouldn't change a thing."
Monologue 4: David's Passion
"April 1, 2024 - I've always been fascinated by the natural world, and my love for the
environment has only grown stronger over the years. That's why I decided to dedicate my
career to environmental conservation. It's not always an easy path, but the sense of purpose
I feel is unparalleled. Whether I'm leading a team of volunteers to clean up a local park or
advocating for policy changes to protect our precious ecosystems, I know that I'm making a
difference. It's not about the recognition or the accolades; it's about leaving the world a little
bit better than I found it. And that's what drives me every single day."
Monologue 5: Olivia's Resilience
"January 10, 2024 - When I lost my job a few years ago, I'll admit, I was devastated. I had
poured my heart and soul into that company, and to have it all come crashing down was a
real blow to my confidence. But instead of letting it defeat me, I decided to take a leap of
faith and start my own business. It's been a rollercoaster ride, with plenty of ups and downs,
but I've never felt more alive. The freedom to pursue my own dreams, to be my own boss, is
truly empowering. And even though there are still challenges to overcome, I know that I have
the resilience and determination to make it work. This is my story, and I'm writing it one
chapter at a time."
8. Choose a more powerful 'focus time' to start telling your story. Retell your story from
this point, using a range of narrative tenses and descriptive adverbs to make it more
engaging.
9. Tell your story to another pair. Discuss what you liked about each other's stories and
what could be improved.
UNIT 9D
Vocabulary
1. Exploring Environmental Views
a. Pair up and discuss your agreement with the following statements about
environmental issues:
1. "Climate change is a fabricated hoax designed by scientists to obtain more
funding."
2. "Recycling is ineffective and doesn't contribute to significant change."
3. "Individual actions have minimal impact on the environment; governments
and corporations should take the lead." b. Prepare advice for skeptics on
environmental concerns and necessary actions. Plan your points before,
during, and after the discussion.
2. Defining Essential Terms Review the definitions and differentiate between the
following concepts:
1. Sustainability (n): Ensuring current needs are met without compromising
future generations' ability to meet their own needs.
2. Renewable energy (n): Energy sources naturally replenished, e.g., solar,
wind, hydroelectric, and geothermal power.
3. Carbon footprint (n): Total greenhouse gas emissions from an individual,
event, organization, or product, expressed as carbon dioxide equivalent.
3. Identifying Sustainable Practices
a. Match examples of sustainable practices with its explanations.
1. Recycling
2. Reducing food waste
3. Buying local and seasonal produce
4. Using public transportation
5. Installing solar panels
6. Reducing single-use plastics
7. Planting trees
8. Buying energy-efficient appliances
9. Composting organic waste
10. Adopting a plant-based diet
b. Discuss in pairs:
11. Which sustainable practices do you find most/least crucial?

12. Which practices can/cannot be easily embraced by individuals?
13. How have sustainable practices grown or diminished in importance in the 21st
century?
14. Which sustainable practices do you currently follow or intend to incorporate
into your lifestyle?
Listening 1
4. Understanding the STAR Method

5. a. Familiarize yourself with the STAR technique for responding to competency-based
interview questions.
Complete the explanations using questions a-h below. The STAR method structures
answers to questions like "Describe a time when you demonstrated [competency]."
SITUATION: e) Where and when did the scenario occur?
TARGET: g) What issue were you addressing?
ACTION: d) What specific steps did you take? h) How did you handle any obstacles?
RESULT: c) Did your approach succeed? f) What were the lasting impacts?
b. Discuss in pairs:
1. Have you encountered competency-based interviews? Share your

experience. If not, how would you approach it?
2. Why do you think competency-based questions are prevalent in job
interviews?
6. Applying the STAR Technique
Discuss in pairs:
1. Besides entrepreneurial skills, which competencies did Laura exhibit?

2. Why is it advantageous to demonstrate multiple competencies in each
response?.
Speaking
Preparing Competency-based Stories
Recall instances where you demonstrated each scenario.
● Achieving something you worked hard for

● Fighting for something you thought was wrong
Practicing Competency-based Interviews Roleplay job interviews with a partner. Alternate

roles for each question:
○ Interviewee: Identify your selected competencies and respond to questions.

○ Interviewer: Ask about scenarios showcasing each competency.
Script:
Interviewer: Thank you for joining us today. I'm excited to learn more about your background
and the skills you can bring to this role. Could you please identify the key competencies you
feel are most relevant?
Interviewee: The most relevant competencies for this role are problem-solving, adaptability,
effective communication, and teamwork/collaboration.
Interviewer: Let's dive deeper into each one. Can you provide a specific example that
showcases your problem-solving skills?
Interviewee: In my previous role, I was tasked with streamlining our order fulfillment process.
I gathered data, identified bottlenecks, and implemented new systems and training to
improve efficiency by 25% and reduce customer complaints.
Interviewer: That's impressive. Now, can you share a time when you had to demonstrate
your adaptability?
Interviewee: During the pandemic, my team had to shift to remote work overnight. I quickly
implemented new tools and provided support to ensure a seamless transition, maintaining
productivity and morale.
Interviewer: Great example. Let's talk about your communication skills. Can you share a
situation where you had to communicate complex information effectively?
Interviewee: As the lead for quarterly financial reporting, I would thoroughly review the data,
create a clear outline, and tailor my presentation style to ensure the executives could easily
understand the key insights and recommendations.
Interviewer: Excellent. Finally, let's discuss your teamwork and collaboration abilities. Can
you share a situation where you had to work closely with a team to achieve a common goal?
Interviewee: When developing a new product line, I took a leadership role in facilitating
meetings, fostering open communication, and finding solutions that addressed the needs of
the entire cross-functional team. By prioritizing collaboration, we were able to overcome
obstacles and deliver a successful launch.
Interviewer: Thank you for those great examples. It's clear you possess the competencies
we're looking for. I appreciate you taking the time to share your experiences.
Interviewee: Thank you, I'm excited about the prospect of joining your team and contributing
to the success of this organization.
UNIT 10A
Vocabulary
1. Work with a partner and discuss these questions:

1. How can cities be designed to enhance sustainability?
2. Have you considered ways to improve urban planning?
2. Fill in the blanks using words from the box that have similar meanings to those in
bold.
box: groundbreaking, era, flourish, harness, herald, innovative, revolutionary, state-of-the-

art,
1. The new green technologies are expected to mark the beginning of a _____
future.
2. The city's________ transportation system is reducing traffic congestion.
3. The new community center is an ______ concept that brings people together.
4. The ________ research on climate change is helping us grasp its impact.
5. The new park is designed to _____ in the heart of the city.
3. Work in groups and discuss these questions:
1. How can cities encourage sustainable living?
2. Which city do you think boasts the most innovative transportation system?
3. What are some innovative ideas in urban planning?
4. What recent trends in urban design do you find noteworthy or concerning?
5. What challenges do cities commonly face when implementing sustainable
practices?
Listening
4. a Work in pairs. Listen to three presentations on sustainable cities and answer the
following:
1. Answer:
■ What do you think each presentation focuses on?
■ What benefits might each presentation offer?
■ What drawbacks might each presentation have?
Presentation 1: "Green Infrastructure for Sustainable Cities"
[Audio File: "Green Infrastructure for Sustainable Cities"]
Green infrastructure is a crucial component of sustainable cities. It refers to natural and

semi-natural systems that provide ecological services such as air quality improvement, water
management, and climate regulation. By implementing green infrastructure, we can improve
the overall health and well-being of our cities. For example, parks and gardens can provide
green spaces for recreation and relaxation, while also helping to improve air quality and
manage stormwater runoff.
Green infrastructure can also help to regulate the urban climate by providing shade, cooling
the air through evapotranspiration, and reducing the urban heat island effect. Additionally,
green infrastructure can help to conserve natural resources by reducing the amount of waste
that enters landfills and promoting the use of recycled materials. By incorporating green
infrastructure into our cities, we can create more sustainable and resilient communities.
To implement green infrastructure, we can use public-private partnerships to develop and

maintain green spaces. We can also engage with local communities to raise awareness and
promote the benefits of green infrastructure. Furthermore, we can support policies that
encourage the development and maintenance of green infrastructure. By working together,
we can create more sustainable and resilient cities that benefit both people and the
environment.
Presentation 2: "Smart Transportation for Sustainable Cities"
[Audio File: "Smart Transportation for Sustainable Cities"]
Smart transportation is a crucial component of sustainable cities. It refers to the integration

of technology and data to optimize transportation systems, reduce congestion, and improve
air quality. By implementing smart transportation systems, we can reduce the number of
vehicles on the road, improve air quality, and increase efficiency. For example, intelligent
traffic management systems can use real-time data to optimize traffic flow and reduce
congestion. Additionally, electric vehicle incentives can promote the adoption of electric
vehicles, reducing air pollution and greenhouse gas emissions.
Smart transportation can also help to increase the use of public transportation systems,
reducing the number of vehicles on the road and promoting more sustainable transportation
options. By incorporating smart transportation into our cities, we can create more sustainable
and resilient communities. To implement smart transportation, we can use public-private
partnerships to develop and maintain smart transportation systems. We can also engage
with local communities to raise awareness and promote the benefits of smart transportation.
Furthermore, we can support policies that encourage the adoption of smart transportation
systems.
By working together, we can create more sustainable and resilient cities that benefit both
people and the environment. Smart transportation is a crucial component of sustainable
cities, and by implementing smart transportation systems, we can reduce congestion,
improve air quality, and increase efficiency.
5. Work with a partner and discuss:
1. Which of the three presentations did you prefer? Why?
2. Which presentation do you think is:
■ most practical?
■ most innovative?
■ most accessible?
■ least necessary?
Emphasis and persuasion
There are various techniques to enhance the persuasiveness of a presentation:
1. Using auxiliaries to emphasize:

○ This indeed makes a significant difference.
2. Utilizing repetition:
○ a) repeating intensifying adverbs:
4. It's really, really important.
○ b) using comparative + comparative:
4. It just keeps getting better and better.
○ c) employing statement + repetition + explanation:
4. It's practical... it's practical because it reduces costs.
○ d) repeating a key word you want to emphasize:
4. Everybody loves green spaces... everybody.
3. Rhetorical questions (and sometimes answering them):
○ Who wouldn't want a cleaner city?
4. Tripling: making points in threes for better memorability:
○ This app is practical, safe, and free.
5. Machine-gunning: listing multiple points rapidly:
○ We believe you'll love it because it's innovative, sustainable, well-designed,
accessible, and beautiful. What's not to love?
Discussion
5. Listen to the sentences. Which ones have similar intonation patterns? Why?
4. It's simple, effective, and environmentally friendly.

5. It comes in small, medium, or large.
6. It's cool, it's interesting, it's you.
7. Available morning, noon, and night.
6. Choose four items below. Create a statement or question for each, using a different
technique from the language focus box each time. Write your answers in any order.
○ Something you're currently engaged in.
○ Your favorite city.
○ A TV show you adore.
○ Your beloved gadget.
○ A type of clothing you frequently wear.
○ Someone you admire.
7. Work in pairs. Read your statements/questions aloud for your partner to guess the
subject.
UNIT 10B
Reading
1. Pair up and discuss:

○ Do you participate in outdoor activities like those in the photos?
○ What appeals to you about these activities?
○ What skills do you think are necessary to excel in them?
2. Work together in pairs. Look at the outdoor activity titles in the article. Predict what
each involves. Read the article quickly to confirm your predictions.
Outdoor Adventures for the Adventurous
As the weather warms up and you're searching for ways to enjoy those sunny, long days, we
highlight what we believe are the top four outdoor activities to immerse yourself in with family
and friends.
Rock Climbing This is our favorite outdoor activity of the year. Participants test their
physical and mental strength by scaling rock walls, using specialized equipment and
techniques to navigate challenging terrain. Climbers rely on their problem-solving skills,
balance, and endurance to reach the summit.
Whitewater Rafting Fast-paced and requiring quick reflexes, this adrenaline-pumping water
sport takes participants down rushing rivers. Teams collaborate to navigate turbulent rapids,
using paddles to steer their raft and avoid obstacles. The ultimate goal is to safely complete
the course with the highest score.
Orienteering Ideal for a gathering with friends or family, this activity focuses on navigation
and problem-solving. Using a map and compass, participants navigate unfamiliar terrain,
identifying landmarks and planning the most efficient route to reach checkpoints. Points are
awarded for finding checkpoints quickly and accurately.
Paintball Simple yet thrilling from the outset, this competitive team sport involves players
using specialized markers to shoot paint-filled projectiles at opponents. The objective is to
eliminate opponents by tagging them with paint. The only drawback is potential messiness,
so it's best to wear old clothes!
3. Read the article again and answer:

○ Which activity involves blending in with the environment?
○ Which activity is likely to generate noise?
○ Which activity requires physical strength and endurance?
○ Which activity relies on navigation skills?
○ Which activity involves "attacking" other participants?
○ Which activity emphasizes teamwork?
Vocabulary
4. Complete the sentences with the correct forms of the words and phrases in bold from
the article. If it is correct, leave it unmarked.
○ Always concealing your marker so others can't see what it's loaded with.
○ In the context of the game, players organize their teams.
○ The objectivist of the game is to eliminate all opposing players.
○ First, consult the map and compass, then assembles each player.
○ In this activity, players can rely on their teammates to reach the checkpoints
faster.
5. Pair up and discuss:
○ Which outdoor activity in the article would you most like to try? Why?
○ Are there any activities you wouldn't like to try? Why or why not?
○ In what situations and with whom do you think each activity would be most
suitable? Why?
Heads and Tails
In informal spoken English, heads bring attention to something specific by placing it at the
beginning of a sentence, followed by a pronoun referring back to it. Tails, on the other hand,
qualify something by appearing at the end of a sentence.
8. a Listen to six heads and tails. Mark if the intonation goes up (↑) or down
(↓) on the words in bold.
○ I don't really do it any more, that outdoor activity I tried last year.
○ The compass, I can't find it anywhere.
○ The activity Jenna invited you to, have you tried it yet?
○ I've never done it before, paintball.
○ I really enjoyed it, that hike we went on last weekend.
○ These markers, are they yours?
9. Rewrite the sentences with a head (H) or tail (T), as indicated in brackets, focusing
on the noun phrase in bold.
○ Alex loves rock climbing.
■ He loves rock climbing, Alex.
○ Those hiking boots belong to Liam.
■ Those hiking boots, they belong to Liam.
○ Emma and Ethan are going kayaking.
■ Emma and Ethan, they're going kayaking.
○ Brand-new tents aren't cheap to buy.
■ They aren't cheap to buy, brand-new tents.
○ Is that the trail where the famous explorer hiked?
■ Is that the trail, where the famous explorer hiked?
○ I think people from the mountains have great endurance.
■ They have great endurance, people from the mountains.
○ Olivia's really good at this activity.
■ She's really good at this activity, Olivia.
○ I really like going to outdoor festivals on the weekends.
■ I really like going to outdoor festivals, on the weekends.
10. a Pair up and make guesses about your classmates for these topics:
○ something they've achieved in the last year
○ the place where they were born
○ what they'd buy or do if they won the lottery
○ something they always do at the weekend
○ what they want for their next birthday
● b Check your guesses with your classmates, then report back to your partner.
UNIT 10C
Vocabulary
Work in pairs and discuss the questions:
● How do you think advancements in technology are reshaping communication? Are

there potential downsides to these changes?
● Have you observed shifts in interpersonal interactions due to technology? If so, what
are they?
Determine if the words and phrases in bold carry positive (+) or negative (-) connotations:
● There's a compelling argument for greater use of social media in education.

● For a project to be successful, it needs to be well-planned and well-executed.
● You say it's the future, I say it's just a distraction.
● Traditional approaches to learning were fundamentally flawed—they merely involved
memorizing facts.
● New learning methodologies often appear attractive at first glance, but upon closer
inspection, they are found lacking.
● Despite its criticisms, using online resources for learning remains a valid approach.
● The rationale behind using virtual reality in education seems poorly thought through
to me.
b. Work in pairs. Debate whether you agree or disagree with the statements in Exercise 2a.
Justify your viewpoints.
Reading
3. a. Work in pairs. What do you know about these advancements in education?
● The Flipped Classroom

● Learning Analytics
● The Gamification Movement
b. Read the article to verify your assumptions:
Education has evolved through various innovations. From the era of rote learning where
students sat in rigid rows, to the more experimental trends of the 1960s and 70s, new ideas
have sought to enhance learning experiences, often with mixed outcomes. Take, for
instance, the Flipped Classroom. Originating from Jonathan Bergmann and Aaron Sams in
the early 2000s, this method simplifies learning by having students watch lectures at home
and complete assignments in class. Initially, it seemed odd yet effective in easing learning.
Issues arose, however, when students struggled to transition back to traditional classroom
methods. Teachers were ill-prepared for this shift, and students became overwhelmed.
Another significant critique was its failure to accommodate diverse learning styles, posing
additional challenges for both educators and learners.
A recent topic of scrutiny is Learning Analytics theory. At its core, this theory asserts that
individuals perceive the world differently and should learn in a manner that suits their unique
perspective. This idea gained widespread traction, resulting in the identification of numerous
learning styles, such as 'right vs. left-brain learners' and 'accommodating vs. diverging.'
However, it lacks substantial evidence and has been dismissed as a mere gimmick by some.
No conclusive studies or meta-studies have validated its efficacy.
One of the prominent trends in education today is the Gamification Movement, which
introduces game-like elements into learning environments, offering challenges and rewards
for completing tasks. This hands-on approach fosters collaboration and creativity, essential
skills for the contemporary workforce. Despite its effectiveness, implementing gamification
requires costly resources and demands educators to acquire new skill sets. Ultimately, while
innovation is welcomed, it's crucial to critically assess each new development and its hype
before widespread adoption. Even if an idea appears promising initially, practical application
may yield different outcomes.
Work in pairs and discuss:
● Which viewpoints of the author do you agree or disagree with? Why?

● Should education adhere to traditional methods or embrace experimentation? Why or
why not?
● Which concepts from the article would you be interested in trying?
Language focus
5. Read the language focus box and locate additional instances of concession clauses in the
article
Concession clauses Concession clauses serve to contrast two main ideas while softening
the impact of the initial assertion. They take various forms:
● Although/Even though + clause:

○ While innovation is exciting, we need to take a cautious approach.
○ Even though it was popular, there was little evidence to support it.
● Even if + clause. Signifying 'whether or not.'
○ Even if we deliver an exceptional presentation, there's no guarantee they'll
adopt the proposal.
● While/Whereas + clause:
○ While there have been numerous innovations, many teachers prefer the
'tried-and-tested' approach.
● Adjective + as/though + clause:
○ Difficult as it may sound, the new approach is indeed effective.
● However + adjective + clause:
○ However simple it appears initially, it's not devoid of complications.
● Nevertheless./Nonetheless./All the same, + clause, referring to a previous statement:
○ Evidence is scant. Nonetheless, it's widely believed to be true.
● In spite of/Despite/+noun/noun phrase/gerund:
○ Despite recent changes, the system still lags behind that of other countries.
Speaking
Find a partner. Describe new approaches to language learning for your school. Discuss the
pros and cons of each. Determine which approach you believe would be most beneficial for
language learning. Then, make a presentation to present in front of your class.
UNIT 10D
1. Do you like getting feedback on your learning or work?
Listening 1
4. a. Listen to Sofia discussing her progress in English lessons with her teacher. What
has she achieved and what does she still need to work on?
Script:
Sofia: Hello, Ms. Johnson. I wanted to talk to you about my progress in the English lessons.
Teacher: Of course, Sofia. I'm happy to discuss how you're doing. What have you been able
to achieve so far?
Sofia: Well, I feel like I've made significant progress, especially in my vocabulary and
grammar. I've come on in leaps and bounds and I'm now adept at using more complex
sentence structures.
Teacher: That's wonderful to hear. It's great that you've achieved proficiency in those areas.
What about your listening and speaking skills?
Sofia: I'd say I have a good track record in my listening comprehension. I can understand
most of what is said in class discussions and lectures. However, I still have some work to do
when it comes to speaking.
Teacher: I see. What specifically do you think you need to focus on for your speaking skills?
Sofia: I've yet to feel completely comfortable giving presentations or participating in group
discussions. We've still a bit of work to do in that area. I'm continuing to grow and develop,
but my speaking skills still need some more practice.
Teacher: Okay, that's a great self-assessment. Let's make sure we incorporate more
speaking practice into your lessons going forward. I'm confident that with some targeted
work, you'll be able to improve your fluency and confidence in speaking English.
Sofia: Thank you, Ms. Johnson. I really appreciate your guidance and feedback. It's been so
helpful in tracking my progress and identifying the areas I need to focus on.
Teacher: You're very welcome, Sofia. Keep up the great work, and let me know if there's
anything else I can do to support you.
b. Complete the Useful phrases 1 box with the missing words. Then listen again and check.
Useful Phrases 1
Summarising progress
● (You've) made significant progress in...
● (You've) come on in leaps and bounds.
● (You've) achieved proficiency in...
● (You're) now adept at...
● (You have) a good track record in...
Describing what still needs work
● (You've) yet to...
● (We've) still a bit of work to do in...
● (You're) continuing to grow/develop in...
● (You're) improving, but... still needs some work.
● (You've) still some way to go in...
Work in Pairs
Use the Useful phrases and the vocabulary in Exercise 2 to describe your progress and what
you still want/need to do in the each of these areas:
● Movies/TV shows
● Books
● Reading
● Learning a new hobby/interest
Listening 2
a. Listen to Sofia reporting back on her progress in learning English to her boss. Which of
these goals does she set for the future?
Script:
Sofia: Good morning, Mr. Johnson. Thank you for meeting with me. I wanted to provide an
update on my progress in learning English.
Boss: Excellent, Sofia. I'm glad to hear how you're doing. What have you been able to
achieve so far?
Sofia: Well, I'm pleased to say that I've made significant strides. I've come on in leaps and
bounds with my vocabulary and grammar. I'm now adept at using more complex language in
my day-to-day work.
Boss: That's wonderful to hear. It sounds like you've achieved proficiency in those areas.
What about your overall fluency and communication skills?
Sofia: I'd say I have a good track record in my listening and reading comprehension.
However, I'm still working on improving my speaking abilities.
Boss: I see. What are your goals for continuing to develop your English skills?
Sofia: Well, Mr. Johnson, I intend to seek out more opportunities to practice my speaking,
such as giving presentations and participating in meetings. I'm hoping this will boost my
confidence and fluency in English.
Boss: That's a great plan, Sofia. What other goals do you have for the future?
Sofia: Ideally, I'd like to put my improved English skills to good use by taking on more
international projects. I think this goal should be easily attainable, and it would be great if I
could start taking more business trips abroad.
Boss: Excellent. I'm glad to hear you have a clear vision for how you want to continue
developing your language abilities. Keep up the great work, Sofia. I'm confident that with
your dedication, you'll achieve your goals.
Sofia: Thank you, Mr. Johnson. I really appreciate your support and guidance. I'm excited to
see how far I can go with my English proficiency.
B. Read the Useful phrases 2 box. Can you remember which ones Sofia used? Listen again
and check.
Useful Phrases 2
Setting goals
● I intend to...
● Ideally, I'd like to put this to good use by...
● I think this goal should be easily attainable.
● The aim is to...
● I'd like to seek ways to put into practice...
● I'm hoping this will boost my...
● It would be great if I could...
● My ultimate goal is to...
Referring to the future
● Referring to the future... by (the end of the year).
● In the short/mid/long(er) term,... (Three) weeks/months/years from now.... ... in
(three) weeks/months/years' time.... In the near/foreseeable/(not-too-)distant future....
Speaking
a. Reflect on your progress in English over the course. Look back over the book and
complete the chart with what you've achieved/haven't yet achieved in the following
areas. Add two more areas to the chart.
● Area
● What I've achieved
● What I'd like to achieve
● Language focus
● Vocabulary
● Listening
● Reading
● Speaking
● Writing
● Practical English for my work/studies
b. Work in pairs to present your progress and goals to your partner. Listen to each
other's presentations and make notes on any useful advice you can give.
c. Give your partner feedback on their progress report and share any useful advice you
have.
Unit 1: Everyday Conversations
This unit focuses on common conversational scenarios and expressions used in daily life.
Fill in the Blanks
Complete the following dialogues with the appropriate words or phrases:
1. A: Good morning! How are you ___________ today?
B: I'm doing very well, thanks for asking.
2. A: Did you catch the game last night? It was a ____________ finish!
B: No, I missed it. What was the final score?
Listening Comprehension
Listen to the audio clip and answer the questions that follow.
[Audio Clip: Conversation at a Cafe]
1. Where are the speakers?
2. What are they ordering?
3. What time of day is it?
Pick the Word in the Box
Choose the word from the box that best fits the sentence.
Box: polite, apologize, greet, schedule
1. Let's ____________ our meeting for tomorrow afternoon.
2. I should ____________ for being late.
3. It's important to ____________ your elders with respect.
Analyze the Article
Read the following article on the importance of small talk and answer the discussion
questions.
The Power of Small Talk: Why It Matters More Than You Think
In our fast-paced, technology-driven world, it's easy to overlook the value of small talk.
Between email, text messages, and social media, we've become accustomed to
communicating in brief, utilitarian bursts. However, the art of casual conversation should not
be underestimated - in fact, small talk plays a crucial role in our personal and professional
lives.
At its core, small talk is about building connections. When we engage in lighthearted
exchanges about the weather, weekend plans, or the latest news, we're not just filling
awkward silences. We're establishing rapport, showing interest in others, and laying the
groundwork for more meaningful relationships. This social lubricant helps us feel more
comfortable and trusting with those around us.
Beyond its interpersonal benefits, small talk also has practical advantages. In a professional
setting, the ability to engage in casual conversation can be a valuable asset. It demonstrates
social skills, emotional intelligence, and the capacity to put others at ease - all qualities that
are highly prized by employers and colleagues. Small talk can also open the door to new
opportunities, as it allows us to discover shared interests and experiences that could lead to
collaborations or connections down the line.
Of course, small talk is not a one-size-fits-all proposition. The appropriate level and tone will
vary depending on the context and the individuals involved. The key is to strike a balance -
being friendly and approachable without being overly personal or intrusive. With practice and
self-awareness, we can learn to navigate these social waters with grace and confidence.
In an age of constant digital stimulation, the simple act of engaging in face-to-face

conversation has become increasingly rare and valuable. By embracing the power of small
talk, we can cultivate stronger relationships, enhance our professional prospects, and
ultimately enrich our lives in meaningful ways. So the next time you find yourself in a social
situation, don't be afraid to start a casual conversation - you never know where it might lead.
Discussion Questions:
1. Why is small talk considered an important social skill?
2. What are some tips for engaging in effective small talk?
3. How can small talk help build relationships and networks?
Unit 2: Grammar and Mechanics
This unit focuses on the fundamentals of English grammar and mechanics.
Choose the Right Alternative
Select the correct option to complete the sentence.
1. She __________ her homework every night.
a) do
b) does
c) is doing
2. The __________ of the book is very interesting.
a) cover
b) title
c) author
Pair the Words with the Right Letter
Match the words on the left with their corresponding parts of speech on the right.
Words:
1. Quickly
2. Happiness
3. Describe
4. Noun
Parts of Speech:
a) Adverb
b) Adjective
c) Verb
d) Noun
Fill in the Blanks
Complete the sentences with the correct form of the verb in parentheses.
1. The students __________ (study) for their final exams.
2. She __________ (write) a novel in her spare time.
Discuss the Article
Read the following article on common grammar mistakes and answer the discussion
questions.
10 Grammar Mistakes to Avoid in Your Writing
As writers, we strive to produce high-quality content that effectively communicates our ideas
and messages to our readers. However, even the most skilled writers can make mistakes
that detract from the clarity and impact of their writing. Thus, it produces lower quality of
work. Here are 10 common grammar mistakes to avoid:
● Subject-Verb Agreement: Ensure the subject and verb in your sentence agree in
number.
● Tense Consistency: Maintain consistency in verb tense throughout your writing.
● Comma Splices: Use a conjunction to connect two independent clauses.
● Run-On Sentences: Break up long sentences into shorter ones.
● Lack of Articles: Use articles (the, a, an) to provide clarity and context.
● Incorrect Use of Modifiers: Use modifiers (adjectives and adverbs) correctly to
describe nouns and verbs.
● Lack of Parallel Structure: Use parallel structure to create a clear and consistent flow
of ideas.
● Incorrect Use of Pronouns: Use pronouns correctly to refer to nouns.
● Lack of Clarity: Use clear and concise language to communicate your ideas
effectively.
● Incorrect Use of Commas: Use commas correctly to separate items in a list, set off
nonessential clauses, and separate clauses in a compound sentence.
By avoiding these common grammar mistakes, you can improve the clarity, impact, and
overall quality of your writing. Remember to always proofread your work carefully to ensure
that it is error-free and effective.
1. What are some of the most common grammar mistakes people make?
2. Why is it important to be mindful of proper grammar usage?
3. How can one improve their grammar skills?
Unit 3: Vocabulary and Word Usage

This unit focuses on expanding vocabulary and using words effectively.
Fill in the Blanks
Complete the sentences with the appropriate words from the word box.
Word Box: eloquent, synonymous, connotation, antonym, euphemism
1. The politician's speech was __________ and well-received by the audience.
2. "Passed away" is a __________ for "died."
3. "Brave" and "courageous" are __________ terms.
Box: diligent, resilient, meticulous, versatile, innovative
1. The company's new product design was __________, incorporating cutting-edge
technology.
2. The __________ employee always completes their tasks on time and with great
attention to detail.
Analyze the Article
Read the following article on the importance of vocabulary development and answer the
discussion questions.
The Power of Words: Expanding Your Vocabulary
Words have the power to shape our thoughts, emotions, and actions, and expanding our
vocabulary can help us communicate more effectively, think more critically, and express
ourselves more creatively. By reading widely, keeping a vocabulary journal, using
flashcards, playing word games, and learning from context, we can build our vocabulary and
unlock the power of words. This can improve our communication, enhance our critical
thinking, and increase our creativity, allowing us to express ourselves more effectively and
connect with others more deeply.
1. Why is it important to continuously expand one's vocabulary?
2. What are some effective strategies for learning new words?
3. How can a rich vocabulary improve one's communication and writing skills?
Unit 4: Reading Comprehension

This unit focuses on assessing reading comprehension skills.
Read the passage and select the best answer to the questions.
The Printing Press: Revolutionizing the Spread of Knowledge
The printing press, invented by Johannes Gutenberg in the 1440s, revolutionized the way
information was disseminated throughout the world. Its primary purpose was to mass-
produce text and images, making knowledge more accessible to the general public. The
printing press played a crucial role in the development of the Renaissance and the Scientific
Revolution, spreading new ideas and knowledge to a broader audience. As the technology
evolved, printing became more efficient and cost-effective, allowing for the mass production
of newspapers, magazines, and other forms of media. The printing press also played a key
role in the development of the modern knowledge-based economy, enabling the widespread
distribution of information and the creation of new industries. Today, the printing press
remains an important tool in the dissemination of information, even as digital technologies
have transformed the way we access and consume content.
1. What was the primary purpose of the printing press?

a) To mass-produce books
b) To create artwork
c) To improve communication
d) All of the above
2. When was the printing press first invented?
a) 15th century
b) 16th century
c) 17th century
d) 18th century
Match the key terms from the passage with their corresponding definitions.
Key Terms:
1. Movable type
2. Gutenberg
3. Manuscript
4. Typesetting
Definitions:
a) The process of arranging and composing text
b) A handwritten document
c) Individually carved characters used for printing
d) The inventor of the modern printing press
Unit 5: Writing and Composition

This unit focuses on developing effective writing and composition skills.
Fill in the Blanks
Complete the following paragraph with the appropriate words or phrases.
Effective writing is a crucial skill in both academic and professional settings. It involves
__________ (1) clear and concise ideas, using __________ (2) language, and organizing
thoughts in a __________ (3) manner. Good writers also pay attention to __________ (4)
and grammar to ensure their writing is polished and error-free.
Analyze the Article
Read the following article on the elements of effective writing and answer the discussion
questions.
The Fundamentals of Effective Writing
Effective writing is a skill that can be developed with practice and dedication. To write well,
one must master the fundamentals of writing, including clarity, concision, and coherence.
Clarity refers to the ability to communicate ideas clearly and simply, without using jargon or
overly complex language. Concision involves using the fewest words necessary to convey a
message, without sacrificing clarity. Coherence refers to the ability to organize ideas logically
and present them in a clear and consistent manner. Additionally, effective writers must also
consider the audience, purpose, and tone of their writing. By understanding these elements,
writers can craft messages that resonate with their audience and achieve their goals.
1. What are the key elements of effective writing?
2. How can writers develop their style and voice?
3. What are some common challenges writers face, and how can they be overcome?
Choose the word from the box that best completes the sentence.
Box: coherent, concise, persuasive, engaging, objective
1. The __________ essay presented a well-reasoned argument supported by strong
evidence.
2. The speaker's __________ delivery kept the audience's attention throughout the
presentation.
Unit 6: Business and Economics

This unit focuses on business and economic concepts and terminology.
Fill in the Blanks
Complete the following sentences with the appropriate words or phrases.
1. The company's __________ strategy involves diversifying its product line to reduce
dependence on a single market.
2. The government's __________ policy aims to stimulate economic growth by reducing
taxes.
Script:
Host: Good evening. I'm Samantha Jenkins, and tonight we're discussing the global
economy and the implications of the recent trade agreement for local businesses.
The global economy is seeing mixed trends - a resurgence in trade driven by the new
agreement, but also signs of slowing growth in key markets.
The trade agreement has opened new export opportunities for local businesses, but also
poses challenges for those unprepared to adapt.
Joining us is Dr. Rachel Patel, an expert in international trade and business development.
Welcome, Dr. Patel.
Dr. Patel: Thank you. The global economy is experiencing a mix of trends. The trade
agreement has boosted global trade, but also poses challenges for businesses unfamiliar
with the new market conditions and regulations.
Host: What advice would you give local businesses looking to take advantage of the trade
agreement?
Dr. Patel: I'd advise understanding the new market, considering partnerships, and being
flexible to adapt to the changing conditions.
Host: Thank you, Dr. Patel, for your insights. That's all for our business report tonight.
1. What is the current state of the global economy?

2. What are the implications of the recent trade agreement for local businesses?
Box: recession, inflation, stimulus, recessionary, deflation
1. The country is experiencing a period of __________, characterized by a decline in
economic activity.
2. The central bank implemented a __________ policy to boost economic growth.
Analyze the Article
Read the following article on the impact of globalization on local economies and answer the
The Effects of Globalization on Local Economies
Globalization has had a profound impact on local economies, bringing both benefits and
challenges. On one hand, globalization has opened up new markets and opportunities for
local businesses to expand their customer base and increase their exports. This has led to
increased revenues and job creation, as well as exposure to new products and services. On
the other hand, globalization has also led to increased competition from foreign companies,
which can be challenging for local businesses to compete with. Additionally, the influx of
foreign goods and services can lead to a loss of local industries and jobs. To adapt to the
changing economic landscape, local businesses can focus on developing unique products
and services that cater to local tastes and preferences, as well as building strong
relationships with local suppliers and customers.
1. How has globalization affected local economies?
2. What are some strategies for local businesses to adapt to the changing economic
landscape?
3. What are the potential benefits and drawbacks of globalization?
Unit 7: Science and Technology

This unit focuses on scientific concepts and technological advancements.
The discovery of gravity is one of the most significant scientific achievements in human
history, and it is credited to the renowned English physicist, Isaac Newton. Newton's
groundbreaking work on the law of universal gravitation, which he published in 1687,
revolutionized our understanding of the physical world. This law explained the motion of
celestial bodies, such as planets and stars, and demonstrated that the same force that
causes an apple to fall to the ground also governs the movements of the heavenly bodies.
Newton's work not only provided a unified theory of motion, but it also laid the foundation for
our modern understanding of the universe and the fundamental forces that govern it. The
significance of Newton's discovery cannot be overstated, as it has had far-reaching
implications in fields ranging from astronomy and physics to engineering and technology,
and it continues to shape our understanding of the natural world.
1. Who is credited with the discovery of gravity?

a) Galileo Galilei
b) Isaac Newton
c) Albert Einstein
d) Leonardo da Vinci
2. What was the significance of Newton's law of universal gravitation?
a) It explained the motion of celestial bodies
b) It described the behavior of subatomic particles
c) It predicted the existence of black holes
d) It outlined the principles of quantum mechanics
Match the scientific terms with their corresponding definitions.
Terms:
1. Hypothesis
2. Experiment
3. Theory
4. Observation
Definitions:
a) A well-substantiated explanation for a set of phenomena
b) A systematic investigation of a phenomenon
c) A well-substantiated explanation for a set of phenomena
d) A statement that is based on limited information
Unit 8: Culture and Society

This unit focuses on cultural and social issues and trends.
Fill in the Blanks
1. The rise of social media has led to an increase in __________, where individuals
share their personal experiences and opinions.
2. The __________ movement aims to promote greater diversity and inclusion in the
workplace.
Script:
Host: Welcome, I'm here with Samantha Jenkins to discuss key trends in modern culture
and the influence of social media.
Samantha: Social media has become integral to how we communicate today. It's changing
the way we express ourselves and connect with others.
Host: What are some of the major cultural trends you've observed?
Samantha: One big trend is the rise of social media platforms like Facebook, Twitter, and
Instagram. These have made it easier to share our thoughts and experiences, but also pose
challenges around misinformation and online behavior.
Host: How is social media impacting modern culture?
Samantha: Social media has democratized communication, allowing more people to voice
their views. But it's also led to the spread of false information and increased polarization in
some cases.
Host: What advice would you give for using social media in a positive way?
Samantha: I'd recommend being mindful of the content we share, fact-checking information,
and using social platforms to build meaningful connections rather than just passively
consume.
Host: That's great insight. What other cultural trends are you seeing emerge?
Samantha: Another trend is the growth of e-commerce and online shopping, which is
transforming retail. There's also been a rise in wellness, sustainability, and entrepreneurship
as priorities.
Host: How are these trends shaping modern culture?
Samantha: They're empowering people to take more control - whether it's how they shop,
their health, or starting their own businesses. There's a focus on individual agency and
making conscious choices.
Host: Fascinating. Thank you, Samantha, for sharing your perspectives on the evolving
cultural landscape.
Samantha: My pleasure. These are certainly dynamic times we're living in.
1. What are some of the key trends in modern culture?

2. How are social media platforms influencing the way we communicate?
Box: globalization, urbanization, multiculturalism, diversity, inclusivity
1. The city's __________ has led to a significant increase in cultural diversity.
2. The company's __________ policy aims to promote greater diversity and inclusion in
the workplace.
Analyze the Article
Read the following article on the impact of social media on mental health and answer the
The Impact of Social Media on Mental Health
Social media has become an integral part of modern life, but its impact on mental health is a
growing concern. Research suggests that excessive social media use can lead to increased
symptoms of depression, anxiety, and loneliness. The constant stream of curated and
manipulated content can create unrealistic expectations and promote unhealthy
comparisons, further exacerbating mental health issues. Moreover, the lack of face-to-face
interactions and deep conversations can lead to feelings of isolation and disconnection. To
maintain a healthy balance between social media use and real-life interactions, individuals
can set boundaries, prioritize offline activities, and engage in meaningful conversations.
Additionally, promoting positive mental health in the digital age involves fostering a culture of
empathy, self-care, and digital literacy. By recognizing the potential negative effects of social
media on mental health and taking proactive steps to mitigate them, we can work towards a
healthier and more balanced online experience.
1. What are some of the potential negative effects of social media on mental health?
2. How can individuals maintain a healthy balance between social media use and real-
life interactions?
3. What are some strategies for promoting positive mental health in the digital age?
Unit 9: History and Geography

This unit focuses on historical events and geographical concepts.
The American Revolution
The American Revolution was a pivotal event in American history, marking the country's
transition from a British colony to an independent nation. The revolution was sparked by a
series of events and grievances that culminated in the Declaration of Independence in 1776.
One of the major causes of the revolution was the Proclamation of 1763, which prohibited
American settlers from moving beyond the Appalachian Mountains, leading to resentment
and frustration among the colonists. The Boston Massacre and the Intolerable Acts, which
included the Boston Port Act and the Quartering Act, further escalated tensions and led to
the outbreak of war.
The Declaration of Independence, written by Thomas Jefferson, was a formal declaration of

the 13 American colonies' independence from Great Britain. It outlined the colonies'
grievances against the British government and established the principles of equality, liberty,
and democracy that would shape the new nation.
Thomas Jefferson was the primary author of the Declaration of Independence, which was
adopted by the Continental Congress on July 4, 1776. The document was a powerful
statement of the colonies' commitment to freedom and democracy, and it has since become
a cornerstone of American history and culture.
In conclusion, the American Revolution was a complex and multifaceted event that was
driven by a combination of economic, political, and ideological factors. The Proclamation of
1763, the Boston Massacre, and the Intolerable Acts were all significant events that
contributed to the outbreak of war, while the Declaration of Independence was a pivotal
document that formally declared the colonies' independence from Great Britain.
1. Which of the following was a major cause of the American Revolution?

a) The Proclamation of 1763
b) The Boston Massacre
c) The Intolerable Acts
d) The Declaration of Independence
2. Who was the primary author of the Declaration of Independence?
a) Thomas Jefferson
b) John Adams
c) Benjamin Franklin
d) George Washington
Match the historical events with their corresponding dates.
Events:
1. The Battle of Gettysburg
2. The Treaty of Versailles
3. The Battle of Waterloo
4. The Battle of Normandy
Dates:
a) 1863
b) 1919
c) 1815
d) 1944
Discuss the Article
Read the following article on the impact of climate change on global food security and
answer the discussion questions.
Climate Change and Global Food Security
Climate change poses a significant threat to global food security, with rising temperatures
and changing precipitation patterns affecting crop yields, food distribution, and availability.
Warmer temperatures can lead to increased pest and disease pressure, reduced soil fertility,
and altered growing seasons, resulting in lower yields and reduced food quality. Additionally,
climate change can exacerbate existing food security challenges, such as poverty, conflict,
and social inequality. Sustainable agriculture practices, such as regenerative agriculture,
agroforestry, and conservation agriculture, can help mitigate the impact of climate change by
promoting soil health, biodiversity, and ecosystem services. These practices can also
improve crop resilience, reduce greenhouse gas emissions, and enhance food security by
increasing yields and improving nutritional quality. Strategies for promoting food security in
the face of climate change include investing in climate-resilient agriculture, supporting small-
scale farmers, and promoting food waste reduction and recovery. Furthermore, climate-
smart agriculture can help build resilience in food systems by integrating climate information
and climate-resilient practices into agricultural planning and decision-making.
1. What are some of the potential effects of climate change on global food security?
2. How can sustainable agriculture practices help mitigate the impact of climate
change?
3. What are some strategies for promoting food security in the face of climate change?
Unit 10: Literature and Arts

This unit focuses on literary and artistic concepts and terminology.
Fill in the Blanks
1. The novel's __________ style, characterized by vivid imagery and symbolism, added
depth to the narrative.
2. The artist's use of __________ colors created a sense of tension and drama in the
painting.
Script:
Rachel: Welcome to "Unlocking the Secrets of Literary Analysis." Today, we have Dr.
Thompson, a renowned literary critic, joining us to discuss the key elements of literary
analysis.
Dr. Thompson: A good literary analysis starts with an arguable thesis, not just a summary.
Readers should also focus on specific language, patterns, and themes to provide a clear
interpretation.
Rachel: What else should readers consider?
Dr. Thompson: MLA style, critical reading, research, and effective organization are all
important. Analyzing literary devices and evaluating the writing style are also crucial.
Rachel: Thank you, Dr. Thompson, for sharing your expertise. Literary analysis is a powerful
tool for understanding literature.
Dr. Thompson: It was a pleasure to be here
1. What are some key elements of literary analysis?
2. How can readers apply literary analysis to improve their understanding of a text?
Box: allegory, metaphor, symbolism, imagery, realism
1. The novel's use of __________ allowed readers to interpret the story on multiple
levels.
2. The artist's use of __________ created a sense of realism in the painting.
Analyze the Article
Read the following article on the impact of social media on the arts and answer the
Social media has had a profound impact on the arts, bringing both benefits and challenges.
On the positive side, digital platforms have democratized access to art, allowing artists to
reach broader audiences and connect directly with fans. Artists can now showcase their
work, share their creative process, and engage with followers, fostering a sense of
community. Social media has also made it easier for artists to gain exposure, sell their work,
and even crowdfund projects. However, the constant pressure to curate an online persona
and chase engagement metrics can lead artists to create work for external validation rather
than their own artistic vision. Additionally, the oversaturation of content on social media can
make it difficult for artists to stand out. To maintain artistic integrity in the digital age, artists
must find a balance, using social media strategically to promote their work while staying true
to their creative process and not becoming beholden to the whims of algorithms and online
trends. By leveraging the benefits of social media while setting boundaries, artists can
navigate this evolving landscape and continue to thrive.
1. What are some of the potential benefits and drawbacks of social media on the arts?
2. How can artists use social media to promote their work and connect with audiences?
3. What are some strategies for maintaining artistic integrity in the digital age?

Roadmap c1 - Unit 6-10 - Exercises

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MODULE 6B

a. A region with minimal rainfall.

b. A region with abundant coral and marine life.

c. A region characterized by extensive vegetation due to high rainfall.

d. A region with sparse vegetation and extreme temperatures.

e. A region featuring a blend of grasses and trees.

Biomes are crucial for understanding ecosystems because they provide a

7. Listen Again and Respond to Questions

8. Pair Work and Discussion

● Various reasons exist for using the passive voice in English.

a. To maintain focus on what is placed at the sentence beginning.

b. When the agent is expressed as a lengthy phrase.

c. To depersonalize an action or event and avoid assigning direct responsibility.

d. When a verb is followed by a dependent preposition, the preposition remains immediately

e. If the new agent is the recipient, 'to' is added.

Listen to the Sentences

○ When is the /r/ sound in "are" pronounced?

Correct the Error in Each Sentence

1. A series of nuclear wars has destroyed the world.

9. Select the Correct Words

Reading and Vocabulary

Review statements A-F and discuss the associated questions.

○ A. Act quickly – Limited time offer!

How does each statement encourage increased purchasing?

10. Group Discussion

○ Work in small groups to brainstorm and present ideas on selected topics.

11. Group Presentation

○ Collaborate in small groups to present selected ideas.

4. Review the Language Focus Box

1. Use adverbs and adverbials for comparisons of size or extent.

Box: always, good, cleaning, others, visit

7. Write Sentences Using Prompts

8. Listen to a Discussion on Naming a Specialist Cheese Shop

12. Roleplay as a Marketing Team Member

5. Listen to the Discussion

○ Prepare and conduct a panel discussion on one of the given topics:

CHECKING WHAT YOUVE LEARNED

Section 2: Rearrange the Letters

The Excitement of Music Festivals

3. Pair up and discuss the following questions:

b. Determine whether to emphasize any in these examples. Listen and confirm.

c. Practice saying the sentences from Exercises 5a and 5b in pairs.

7. Listen to a discussion between two colleagues about three music festivals.

Emily: Sounds like a plan.

9. You're going to plan an excursion to an unfamiliar location in your

Article: INVEST NOW FOR A PROSPEROUS RETIREMENT Retirement demands

● What were you expecting to happen, and what actually occurred?

9. Swap roles and repeat the conversation.

1. Collaborate in groups. What essential skills and competencies should a young

Blog Entry: Mastering Face-to-Face Communication in a Digital World

To preserve meaningful conversation, it's essential to prioritize face-to-face interactions—

3. Pair up and discuss the following questions:

7 a. You'll participate in a discussion about skills and competencies. Initially, listen to

● I think adaptability is one of the most crucial skills.

S: Absolutely. Thanks for sharing your insights, Kasem.

1. Working in Pairs: Skills for Debates

● Cars should be prohibited in city centers.

Exercise 1: Hobbies Around the World

● Cheese Rolling in Gloucestershire, England: Each year, individuals gather at