RA57200-V-23R2 - 03 - Air Interface Capacity
RA57200-V-23R2 - 03 - Air Interface Capacity
RA57200-V-23R2 - 03 - Air Interface Capacity
Nokia Learning
RA57200-V-23R2 1
Air Interface Capacity
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Air Interface Capacity
Module Objectives
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Air Interface Capacity
5G Radio Capacity
Air Interface Capacity Overview
Air Interface Capacity Simulation
Air Interface Capacity Dimensioning using ACORD
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Air Interface Capacity
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Air Interface Capacity
Bandwidth
bps/Hz Mbps
bps/Hz
bps/Hz
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Air Interface Capacity
Tool available
through the NEI
5G Dim Tools
SharePoint site
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Air Interface Capacity
5G Radio Capacity
Air Interface Capacity Overview
Air Interface Capacity Simulation
Air Interface Capacity Dimensioning using ACORD
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Air Interface Capacity
Simulation input
Spectral Efficiency (SE) simulations are key input for network air interface dimensioning
Input from MoRSE Input from LTE & 5G Capacity Tool (excel based)
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Air Interface Capacity
MoRSE is product aligned LTE and 5GNR simulator which provides accurate SE estimation
User plane
Data transmission via air interface including impact C-Plane and baseband
of radio conditions capacity/limitations
•radio propagation, slow fading, fast fading, diversity, (BTS computation power, …) are
interference, transmission errors acc. to block error rate out of scope
(BLER), channel models, speed, …
[1] MoRSE is product aligned LTE and 5GNR simulator which provides accurate Spectral
Efficiency estimation.
[2] From the layer 1 and 2 algorithms point of view, the simulator supports basic Radio
Resource management Algorithms, such as: Scheduler, power control, link adaptation,
Adaptive Transmission bandwidth, 256QAM modulation in Downlink, etc.
The simulator is aligned with 3GPP regarding CQI reporting, in terms of frequency
granularity, timing, etc.
[3] Regarding the Control channel, only the PDCCH and a simplified PUCCH, are
currently simulated.
[4] When coming to Mobility, it is simulated in a simplistic manner, based on the RSRP.
[5] The data transmission over the air interface reflects the impact of radio conditions.
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Air Interface Capacity
Effects like slow and fast fading, diversity, interference, speed, etc… are used in the
simulation
[6] While aspects like Control Plane or baseband capacity and limitations are out of the
scope of the simulator.
RA57200-V-23R2 ‹#›
Air Interface Capacity
TM4 2x2 MIMO, TM4 4x2 MIMO, TM4 4x4 MIMO, TM8
Transmission mode TM8 Single User and TM8 Multi User MIMO
8x2/8x4
Following table collects most of the assumptions used during the MoRSE simulations,
for both LTE and 5G.
[1] The duplex mode, only TDD is supported for 5G for the moment
[2] The operational bands: 2,1 GHz for LTE and 3,5 GHz for 5G
[3] The transmission mode. For 5G the simulator uses TM8 both for Single and Multiple
users.
[4] The antenna configuration, with up to 64 Tx antennas in case of 5G
[5] And the amount of UEs per TTI: 14 for LTE, whereas in case of 5G we have 1 for SU-
MIMO and 8 for MU-MIMO
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Air Interface Capacity
[8] Fast fading, using the 3D Spatial Channel Model Extended or 3D SCME
[9] The standard deviation, 8dB
[10] Modulation
[11] Traffic model: full buffer with 10 active UEs per cell
[12] And the simulation time, 1 minute
RA57200-V-23R2 ‹#›
Air Interface Capacity
We will consider the hexagonal layout with 5 different scenarios, 3 without buildings and 2 with
them, as shown in the table:
[1] Scenarios 1 & 4 corresponds to Urban Micro or UMi; In both cases the ISD is 200m, the Base
station antenna height is set to 10 meters, and there is 15 and zero degrees of antenna downtilt
respectively. Difference between both of them lays in the buildings: scenario 1 is without them
while scenario 4 considers 4 buildings per cell with 8 floors. The Traffic in this case is
asymmetrically distributed, coming 80% from indoor and remaining 20% from outdoor.
[2] Scenarios 2 & 4 are for Urban Macro or UMa; in these cases the ISD is 500 meters, Base
station antenna height of 25 m and 10 degrees of antenna downtilt. Again the difference is in
term of buildings: while scenario 2 does not have them, scenario 4 has once again 4 buildings
per cell, each building with 8 floors. The Traffic split is 50% indoor and 50% outdoor.
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Air Interface Capacity
TDD Frame
Structure Frame structure
introduced in 22R3 introduced in 5G19A
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Air Interface Capacity
64 QAM
2x2 MU-MIMO (64Tx)
2x2 SU-MIMO 2.36 2.09 3.35 2.13 2,36
2x2 SU-MIMO (4Tx) 2.06 2.34 2.35 2.09 2,53
(64Tx)
4x4 SU-MIMO (64Tx) 4.80 5.43 6.22 5.00 4,3
2x2 SU-MIMO 1.90 1.65 1.68 1.67 2,19
4x4 SU-MIMO (4Tx) 2.90 3.30 3.31 2.95 3,57
(4Tx)
2x2 SU-MIMO (64Tx) 4.10 4.64 5.06 4.18 4,1
256 QAM
2x2 SU-MIMO
256 QAM
5.36 5.88 7.86 5.65 5,36 2,49 2,2 3,53 2,24 2,49
2x2 MU-MIMO (64Tx) (64Tx)
2x2 SU-MIMO (4Tx) 2.33 2.64 2.66 2.36 3,11 2x2 SU-MIMO
2,06 1,93 2,21 1,9 2,06
(4Tx)
4x4 SU-MIMO (64Tx) 5.90 6.68 7.29 6.02 5,29
4x4 SU-MIMO (4Tx) 3.28 3.73 3.74 3.33 4,39
Based on Spectral efficiency values, channel bandwidth and
percentage of slots with PDSCH, cell capacity can be calculated
FR2 TDD (ISD 200m)
(applies to both FDD and TDD values)
Downlink Uplink
2x2 MIMO 3.45 2.62 Example:
• Frame structure introduced by 5GC001208 feature
FR1 FDD
• 2x2 SU-MIMO (64Tx) with 64 QAM
Downlink Uplink • Channel Bandwidth: 100MHz
2x2 MIMO 2.25 1.35 • Percentage of slots with PDSCH: 72.5% (Assuming no PDSCH
4x4 MIMO 3.17 1.35 scheduling in SSB slots)
DL Cell capacity = 3.47 bps/Hz * 100 MHz * 0.725 = 252 Mbps
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Air Interface Capacity
5G Radio Capacity
Air Interface Capacity Overview
Air Interface Capacity Simulation
Air Interface Capacity Dimensioning using ACORD
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Air Interface Capacity
Tool inputs
• Capacity of existing sites
• Missing capacity Tool outputs
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Air Interface Capacity
Tool available
through the NEI
5G Dim Tools
SharePoint site
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Air Interface Capacity
ACORD Roadmap
LTE and 5G air interface capacity Dimensioning
Done
• Further Spectral Efficiency updates
accordingly to LTE and 5G program
milestones
• Additional tool enhancements
E2E Dimensioning (Available
now)
Porting Link Budget tool
Official release functionality as a plugin in ACORD
v. 1.2 to ease E2E Dimensioning cases
• Official version with 5G and handling together with capacity
legacy LTE supported on cell and tool.
BTS level.
v.1.1 Network Level
• Dimensioning on the network (cluster) level
v.1.0
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Dimensioning approaches
LTE and 5G air interface capacity dimensioning
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Air Interface Capacity
• Cell level approach is the easiest way to quickly check performance of the single cell with different
Cell Level
feature configuration.
LTE/5G cell
• Independently on how many cells the network may have, the assumption is that all the cells have the
same configuration.
eNodeB/gNodeB • BTS level (Site level) approach gives possibility to evaluate capacity of the whole BTS (or group of
BTSs) assuming number of carriers and sectors per BTS
BTS Level
• Independently on how many sites (BTSs) the network may have, the assumption is that all the BTSs
have the same configuration.
• Results will be presented per carrier and also on BTS level.
eNodeB group 1
Network Level
gNodeB group 1
• Network level approach will be introduced to help evaluate capacity of the network(cluster), where
we are assuming differencing groups of BTSs for 5G or LTE.
• Results will be presented per BTS group and on the Network level.
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Air Interface Capacity
<chapter:introduction>
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Air Interface Capacity
ACORD Tool
Landing Page https://acord.emea.nsn-net.net/
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Air Interface Capacity
ACORD Tool
LTE & 5G Radio Capacity
3 Main sections:
1. Network Definition
2. Radio Configuration
3. Capacity Dimensioning Results
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Air Interface Capacity
Main network
parameters
BTS Group
Technology and number of Different types of
cells in the network or cluster projects (Site-based or
greenfield) impact
required inputs and the
outputs during
Cell load dimensioning process.
Cell load to keep capacity
margin for potential peaks Different dimensioning
levels give possibility to
Busy Hour traffic evaluate capacity on
demand and traffic ratio cell/BTS/Network level.
In the example:
1000*0,85=850Mbps DL/
1000*0,15=150 Mbps UL
25 RA57200-V-23R2 © Nokia 2023
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Air Interface Capacity
General network
configuration
for 5G layers
Including Duplex
mode, operating
band, Antenna
Configuration,
different ISDs, and
the channel
bandwidth
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Air Interface Capacity
Results
• Assumed number of cells – number of cells assumed during calculations which was provided by the user
under “Number of cells in the network” parameter.
• Average spectral efficiency – overall average SE including cell load, features impact etc.
• In the example we get:
• 6,28 bps/Hz in DL Please note that the spectral efficiency provided by the tool already considers
• 2,86 bps/Hz in UL the cell load (100% in this case)
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RA57200-V-23R2 30
Air Interface Capacity
<chapter:introduction>
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Air Interface Capacity
Network parameters
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Air Interface Capacity
BTS summary
Traffic Depending on
distribution the number of
carriers, number
After selecting of baseline BTSs
“Traffic ratio between and number of
carriers”, details will sectors per BTS,
be summarized for all information
carriers. about total
assumed
number of cells
will be presented
with total
spectrum
available.
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Air Interface Capacity
Carrier configuration
Depending on the
Radio
Configuration for configured “Number of
5G layers carriers in the network”,
tool will reflect the number
Settings to in the Radio Configuration
configure each section. Each carrier
carrier are still the requires to be configured
same a in the Cell separately.
level
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Air Interface Capacity
Feature
Configuration
It is done
independently for
each carrier
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Air Interface Capacity
• Assumed number of BTS – number of BTS assumed during calculations which was provided by the user under “Number of baseline BTS”
parameter.
• Average capacity– Average capacity (average throughput) for assumed number of BTSs.
• Average spectral efficiency – overall average SE including cell load, features impact etc.
• Missing capacity – presents traffic which configured cell can´t provide during busy hour.
• Number of required BTSs – number of BTSs which are required to meet the busy hour traffic demand (including the BTS which are
already assumed – in this case no additional BTS is needed)
39 RA57200-V-23R2 © Nokia 2023
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Air Interface Capacity
RA57200-V-23R2 40
Air Interface Capacity
<chapter:introduction>
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Air Interface Capacity
Dimensioning Mode
Network Level Planning with ACORD Simplified or Expert
Network Definition Settings (1/3)
Network parameters
In Network level
approach various types
of BTS groups can be
defined. By default,
there is only one BTS
group
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BTS group
This section is
repeated for each BTS
group
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Traffic assumption
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Carrier configuration
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Solution:
• 19 sites are not enough
• 21 Additional sites are needed (Total of 40 sites)
• SE given by the tool: 5,24 bps/Hz in DL and 2,5 bps/Hz in UL
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Air Interface Capacity
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