1.

Introduction
Much of the world has become completely reliant on electricity. In fact, without electricity much of the modern-day comforts we enjoy would no longer be possible. Unfortunately, many people overuse or waste electricity, resulting in negative impacts on the environment. Saving energy through simple measures, such as turning off lights in unused rooms and turning down the water heater, can provide the environment with a wide range of benefits.

Energy saving Electric bulbs (CFL) vs. Energy consuming Incandescent Bulbs A compact fluorescent lamp (CFL), also known as a compact fluorescent light or energy saving light (or less commonly as a compact fluorescent tube), is a type of fluorescent lamp. Many CFLs are designed to replace an incandescent lamp and can fit into most existing light fixtures formerly used for incandescent. The typical household still uses incandescent light bulbs, spending more amounts on electricity bills. Use of compact fluorescent light (CFL) can reduce this expense markedly. Moreover, replacing energy-hogging incandescent with energy-saving fluorescents (CFLs) is a simple, effective way to slow the rate of global climate change while saving money. It's good for the environment, it's economical, it's efficient, and it's easy. How is light produced in CFLs? CFL bulbs emit light that is a mixture of three phosphors exposed to ultraviolet light produced by mercury atoms. This process is unlike incandescent bulbs, which use filaments. Though CFLs cost more at the onset, they are tested to provide 8,000 hours of light as against the 500-2,000 hours from incandescent bulbs. Here is the mathan 18-watt CFL saves you from purchasing ten ordinary 75-watt incandescent bulbs. Mercury is used in many household items: thermostats, thermometers, fluorescent lights, batteries and switches for appliances, lights and automobiles. Exposure to large quantities of mercury in our air, water and fish we eat is a documented risk to human health. An extremely small amount of mercury-an average of four milligrams-is sealed within the glass tubing of a CFL. This is said to be about the size of the period at the end of this sentence. It is an essential, irreplaceable element in CFLs, and it's what allows the bulb to be such an efficient light source. The mercury in a CFL is no threat to the environment unless the glass is broken.

For a basis of comparison, there are about one to three grams of mercury in your average home thermometer. It would take between 250 to 1000 CFLs to equal that same amount. Ironically, a regular incandescent light bulb actually releases much more mercury into the environment than a CFL.

Havells 23W (FU) B22 Lilliput CFL vs. Surya Regular 100 W Bulb

Havells 23W (FU) B22 Lilliput CFL Havells India Limited, a US $1 billion plus enterprise and one of Indias fastest growing electrical and power distribution equipment companies, after launching Indias First EcoFriendly Green CFL, now introduces a new range of Green CFL called "LILLIPUT". As the name suggests, it is the small in size and circumference, making it India's Smallest Eco-friendly Green CFL. Lilliput range complies with RoHS (RoHS is European norms on Restriction of Hazardous Substances), CE (Certified European Approval) and is yet another initiative by Havells which proves to be very economical for the end consumers and assists them in saving a significant amount of electricity as well. Havells uses PDT (Pill Dosing Technology) for all its CFLs, in which amalgamated Hg pills are used. These amalgamated pills contain Hg as per international standards. Being free from liquid Hg where Hg dosing normally goes beyond prescribed limits in weight. After launching CFL in late 2003, Havells has played pivotal role in revolutionizing Indian CFL industry by taking many Firsts initiatives and bold steps. Havells today is one of the largest CFL manufacturers in India with fully integrated manufacturing facility, now being consolidated at Neemrana (Rajasthan). Havells Lilliput CFLs T-3 range is available in 11 W, 15 W, 20 W & 23 W with three base caps such as B-22 for normal holders; E-27 for lamps shades, chandeliers and designer fittings, E-14 cap. It is available in two colors cool day light and warm white. These are highly affordable priced providing true value for money. Surya Regular 100 W Bulb Surya incandescent lamps commonly called as Light Bulbs are in use for over two decades and still continue to be the most widely used lamps in the world. They come in various shapes and wattages ranging from 10W to 200W. Depending upon the application area, they are available in Clear, Frost Finished and Colour versions with Single coil or Coiled coil (as the case may be) tungsten filament as per international standards and fitted with two integral micro-fuses for greater safety.

The coiled - coil filament increases luminous efficiency by over 10% and heat loss by convection or conduction is thus reduced. The Glass envelops for lamps are being manufactured on latest Ribbon Glass Plant from DEMA Engineering - UK (formerly known as GB Glass - UK) resulting to glare-free light output. They emit a continuous spectrum of approximately 2800K and a colour-rendering index approaching to 90. Surya Incandescent lamps are made on world's most sophisticated, 100% Synchronized Incandescent lamp lines from FALMA (Montena S.A) Switzerland, tested in accordance with the international standards in force and conform to the IEC 60064 - Tungsten Filament Lamps for Domestic & similar General Lighting Purposes EN 60432-1-Safety and interchangeability requirement of tungsten filament incandescent lamps for general lighting service and Indian Standard IS 418.

Comparison between the Havells 23W (FU) B22 Lilliput CFL & Surya Regular 100 W Bulb

Specifications Price Lamp Wattage Lamp Current (mA) Base Cap Standard Package

Havells CFL Rs. 240 23W (FU) 120 B22,E27 50

Surya Bulb Rs.14 100W 0.83 E12 100

Apart from the product specifications, the major difference between both the products is the prices of the products. However, later in the study can understand what the cost advantages are in the future for Havells CFL, which is priced at Rs.240.

2. Analysis and Interpretation of the Data

Results from the Interview of the Retailer As discussed with the retailer, there are more consumers who prefer CFL over regular bulbs. Even though the price of the CFL is much higher than the regular bulbs, there are many consumers who understand the overall benefits of buying CFL. In India, there are a few companies who deal in producing lighting equipments such as CFL and Incandescent Bulbs. The major Players in this Industry are Philips, Havells, Surya, etc. Since this industry has few players in the market and the product differentiation is not much, these players can be classified under oligopolistic markets. The major factor that influences a consumer in this case is the long term electricity savings that a consumer gets. As the retailers suggested that they usually recommend the customers energy saving products like CFLs, however ultimately it is the customer who has to take a decision on the basis of his preferences. The other factors such as price also play an important role, since the price of a CFL is much more expensive than the price of a regular incandescent bulb. Some customers behave rationally by buying an energy saving product at higher price keeping in mind the long term benefits of the product.

Results from the Questionnaire to the Customers

There was a survey done in the city of Pune, a questionnaire was filled by 20 consumers who have used both CFL and Incandescent Bulbs. Following were the outcomes of the Questionnaire; There were over 12 customers who agreed that the consumption rate of Regular bulbs was much more than the CFLs and also they change their lightings almost twice a year. The Average daily usage as answered by around 9 consumers, was around 8 hours a day, which is a lot of time of consumption and so there is a need of energy saving lightings, such as CFLs. When asked about their preference between CFL and Regular incandescent Bulbs in future, almost 16 customers agreed to use CFL even though they are available in the market at a higher price. Around 12 customers rated cost savings in the future as the most important factor for the product, which means that the customers dont mind paying more , however they would not compromise on the long term cost benefit of the product.

Savings for the Customers using CFL over Incandescent Lamps;

While incandescent lamps convert 95% of electricity into heat, and only 5% into light, CFL convert more than 80% electricity into light. Hence less loss of energy as heat. CFL work without any problem in a wide voltage range (170 - 250V) thus having inbuilt resistance to power fluctuations. Generate 80% less heat, hence reduces load on airconditioners.

CFL consume less energy (70-80%), thus saving on electricity bills and low maintenance cost. Each kWh saved equals average saving of 0.8 Kg Carbon Dioxide in energy production by gas, coal, fuel power plants thus conserving natural resources.

The following table illustrates the savings for a consumer ; Sr. No. Period of operation in hours Tariff Rs. 5/- per unit 1000 3000 1000 Tariff Rs. 4/- per unit 1000 3000 1000 Tariff Rs. 3/- per unit 1000 3000 1000

Saving in power per lamp 60W - 11W = 49W (Considering 60W GLS = 11W CFL with Ballast) 1. Saving in energy 49 hrs 1000= kWh or units. 49 245 325 12 313 -68 147 735 325 36 289 446 490 2450 325 120 205 2245 49 196 325 12 313 -117 147 588 325 36 289 299 490 1960 325 120 205 1755 49 147 325 12 313 -166 147 441 325 36 289 152 490 1470 325 120 205 1265

2. Cost of energy saved per lamp 3. Cost of CFL 4. Cost for GLS 5. Net cost per lamp Cost of CFL - Cost of GLS

6. Net saving per lamp Average interest earned on 7. saving of energy cost @ 18% p.a. on 2 for respective hrs. Interest lost on the net 8. investment in CFL @ 18% p.a. on 3 for respective hrs. 9. Net interest per lamp 5-6 10. Total saving per lamp 4-7 11. Saving break - even at 12. Breakeven in item of days @ 6hrs/day

5.03

15.10

50.34

4.03

12.08

40.27

3.02

9.06

30.21

6.43

5.94

4.21

6.43

5.94

4.21

6.43

5.94

4.21

1.40

9.16

46.13

-2.40

6.14

36.06

-3.41

3.12

25.99

-69.40 455.16 2291.13 1278 hrs 213 days

+24.00 1791.06 155.12 1290.99 119.40 169.41 1597 hrs 266 days 2129 hrs 355 days

3. Critical Evaluation

Havells 23W (FU) B22 Lilliput CFL is better than Surya Regular 100 W Bulb

From the above analysis, it is clear that the option available with the customer of purchasing Havells 23W (FU) B22 Lilliput is much better than Suryas regular 100W Bulb. The study mentioned above helps us to understand that even though the price of CFL is almost 15 times a Regular bulb, consumer prefers to buy CFL Since the overall benefit of using a CFL surpasses the drawbacks of Regular Bulb, we can conclude that its always better to use an energy saving product rather than energy consuming product. The savings in terms of electricity bill and the durability of CFLs allows a consume to contribute to the environment and also gain the advantage of using a green product.

4. Bibliography

www.google.com www.wikepedia.org www.suryaroshnilighting.com www.havells.com www.pressreleasepoint.com www.elcomaindia.com

Annexure I

Interview Questions- Retailers

1. 2. 3. 4.

Which product is preferred between CFL and Incandescent bulbs? Which are the major companies selling these products? What are the factors that influence a buyer to purchase either of the products? Which factors, other than price are considered by the customers while buying the products? 5. Is Energy saving function of lightings considered by the customer before making a purchase? 6. What are the benefits provided to the customers by an energy saving lighting?

Annexure II

Questionnaire Customer

Name: ___________________________________ Age: ________________ City: ________________ Sex: Male Female

Family Income____________________ Questionnaire 1. Which product do you prefer out of a Regular Bulb and CFL? a. Regular Bulb b. CFL 2. How frequently do you change your lighting equipments like lamps?

a. once in 6 months b. Once in a year c. Once in 2 years 3. How many hours a day, do you use the lighting equipments? a. Less than 6 hours b. 6 hours c. 8 hours d. 10 hours

4. What do you prefer out of the two options? a. Buy 6 bulbs in a year at a price of Rs.14 b. Buy one CFL in a year at a price of Rs.240 5. Would you prefer buying CFL over regular Bulbs? a. Yes b. No

6. Do you prefer using energy saving products in future? a. Yes b. No

7. Out of these, which is the most important factor while purchasing a Car? (Please Rank) a. Price of the product b. Product Features and Durability c. Temporary Usage d. Cost Savings in Future e. Overall service and support by the company