Komunikasi Data

TCP/IP
Yosefine Triwidyastuti
Model TCP/IP
• Model OSI adalah sebuah konsep lengkap
tentang komunikasi data.
• Internet tidak menggunakan model OSI
melainkan menggunakan model TCP/IP.
• Fungsi dari masing-masing lapis pada model
TCP/IP sama persis dengan fungsi dari
masing-masing lapis dalam model OSI.
• Perbedaan di antara keduanya adalah bahwa
fungsi dari setiap lapis dalam model TCP/IP
telah diimplementasikan dalam bentuk
protokol.
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Model TCP/IP

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PDU
• Data bersama-sama dengan header yang
menyertainya disebut dengan nama
Protocol Data Unit (PDU).
• Secara khusus, PDU pada transport layer
disebut dengan segment.
• PDU pada network layer disebut dengan
paket.
• Sedang PDU pada data-link layer disebut
dengan frame.
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PDU

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Model TCP/IP

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Application Layer
Name System
• DNS - Domain Name System. Translates domain names such
as cisco.com, into IP addresses.
Host Config
• DHCPv4 - Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol for IPv4. A
DHCPv4 server dynamically assigns IPv4 addressing
information to DHCPv4 clients at start-up and allows the
addresses to be re-used when no longer needed.
• DHCPv6 - Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol for IPv6.
DHCPv6 is similar to DHCPv4. A DHCPv6 server dynamically
assigns IPv6 addressing information to DHCPv6 clients at
start-up.
• SLAAC - Stateless Address Autoconfiguration. A method that
allows a device to obtain its IPv6 addressing information
without using a DHCPv6 server.
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Application Layer
Email
• SMTP - Simple Mail Transfer Protocol. Enables
clients to send email to a mail server and enables
servers to send email to other servers.
• POP3 - Post Office Protocol version 3. Enables
clients to retrieve email from a mail server and
download the email to the client's local mail
application.
• IMAP - Internet Message Access Protocol. Enables
clients to access email stored on a mail server as
well as maintaining email on the server.

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Application Layer
File Transfer
• FTP - File Transfer Protocol. Sets the rules that enable a user
on one host to access and transfer files to and from another host
over a network. FTP is a reliable, connection-oriented, and
acknowledged file delivery protocol.
• SFTP - SSH File Transfer Protocol. As an extension to Secure
Shell (SSH) protocol, SFTP can be used to establish a secure
file transfer session in which the file transfer is encrypted. SSH
is a method for secure remote login that is typically used for
accessing the command line of a device.
• TFTP - Trivial File Transfer Protocol. A simple, connectionless
file transfer protocol with best-effort, unacknowledged file
delivery. It uses less overhead than FTP.

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Application Layer
Web and Web Service
• HTTP - Hypertext Transfer Protocol. A set
of rules for exchanging text, graphic
images, sound, video, and other
multimedia files on the World Wide Web.
• HTTPS - HTTP Secure. A secure form of
HTTP that encrypts the data that is
exchanged over the World Wide Web.
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Transport Layer
Connection-Oriented
• TCP - Transmission Control Protocol. Enables
reliable communication between processes running
on separate hosts and provides reliable,
acknowledged transmissions that confirm
successful delivery.

Connectionless
• UDP - User Datagram Protocol. Enables a process
running on one host to send packets to a process
running on another host. However, UDP does not
confirm successful datagram transmission.
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Internet Layer
Internet Protocol
• IPv4 - Internet Protocol version 4. Receives
message segments from the transport layer,
packages messages into packets, and addresses
packets for end-to-end delivery over a network.
IPv4 uses a 32-bit address.
• IPv6 - IP version 6. Similar to IPv4 but uses a 128-
bit address.
• NAT - Network Address Translation. Translates
IPv4 addresses from a private network into
globally unique public IPv4 addresses.

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Internet Layer
Messaging
• ICMPv4 - Internet Control Message Protocol for
IPv4. Provides feedback from a destination host to
a source host about errors in packet delivery.
• ICMPv6 - ICMP for IPv6. Similar functionality to
ICMPv4 but is used for IPv6 packets.
• ICMPv6 ND - ICMPv6 Neighbor Discovery.
Includes four protocol messages that are used for
address resolution and duplicate address detection.

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Internet Layer
Routing Protocols
• OSPF - Open Shortest Path First. Link-state routing
protocol that uses a hierarchical design based on areas.
OSPF is an open standard interior routing protocol.
• EIGRP - EIGRP - Enhanced Interior Gateway Routing
Protocol. An open standard routing protocol developed
by Cisco that uses a composite metric based on
bandwidth, delay, load and reliability.
• BGP - Border Gateway Protocol. An open standard
exterior gateway routing protocol used between Internet
Service Providers (ISPs). BGP is also commonly used
between ISPs and their large private clients to exchange
routing information.
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Network Access Layer
Address Resolution
• ARP - Address Resolution Protocol. Provides dynamic address
mapping between an IPv4 address and a hardware address.
Note: You may see other documentation state that ARP
operates at the Internet Layer (OSI Layer 3). However, ARP
operates at the Network Access layer (OSI Layer 2) because it's
primary purpose is the discover the MAC address of the
destination. A MAC address is a Layer 2 address.

Data Link Protocols

• Ethernet - Defines the rules for wiring and signaling standards
of the network access layer.
• WLAN - Wireless Local Area Network. Defines the rules for
wireless signaling across the 2.4 GHz and 5 GHz radio
frequencies.
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