REPUBLIC OF Top 10 Input Products

1. Petroleum and other mineral

INDONESIA fuels: $44.9 B (18.9%)

2. Computers and electronics
equipment: $31.6 B (13.3%)
3. Electrical machinery and
Capital-Jakarta equipment: $26.4 B (11.1%)
Head of State/Head of Government: 4. Iron and Steel: $13.3 B (5.9%)
President Joko Widodo 5. Plastics: $11.1 B (4.7%)
Three Branches of Government in Indonesia 6. Transportation: $9.5 B (4%)
Executive- President, Vice-president and 7. Organic chemicals: $7.7 B (3.2%)
high-ranking ministers 8. Food industry and waste from
Legislative- The People's Consultative animal feeding: $4.6 B (1.9%)
Assembly (Majelis Permusyawaratan Rakyat) 9. Cereal: $4.5 B (1.9%)
has 2 chambers: People's Representative 10. Iron amd Steel products: $4 B
Council (Dewan Perwakilan Rakyat) and the (1.7%)
Regional Representative Council (Dewan
Perwakilan Daerah). Top 10 Output Products
Judicial- Supreme Court and Constitutional 1. Palm Oil: $26.6 B
Court 2. Coal: 26.5 B
3. Petroleum Gases: $7.5 B
HISTORY OF THE COUNTRY 4. Iron Ferroalloy: $7 B
 1600- Arrival of Dutch East India 5. Flat-rolled stainless steel items:
Company $6.5 B
 1800- Colonization of the Dutch 6. Copper ores, concretes: $5.3 B
Government 7. Industrial fatty acid and Alcohols:
 1942- Japanese occupation $5.2 B
 1945- Proclamation of Indonesian 8. Lignite: $4.9 B
independence 9. Natural Rubber: $4 B
 1949- The Dutch acknowledges 10. Stainless steel ingots: $3.7 B
Indonesia's independence
 1967- The dictatorship of Suharto
 1998- Resignation of Suharto
B. ECONOMY STATUS
Unemployment rate
1. 2019 - 5.2 %
2. 2020 - 7.07%
ECONOMY
3. 2021 - 6.43%
A. TOP INPUT AND OUTPUT
4. 2022 - 5.84%
PRODUCTS
 5. 2023 - 5.3% 8. MEMORANDUM OF
UNDERSTANDING BETWEEN
C. INFRASTRUCTURE PROGRAM THE DEPARTMENT OF
1. Jakarta - Bandung and Jakarta Surabaya ENERGY OF THE REPUBLIC OF
high -speed rail THE PHILIPPINES AND THE
2. Trans - Java toll road MINISTRY OF ENERGY AND
3. Trans - Sumatra toll road MINERAL RESOURCES OF
4. Jakarta MRT ( Mass Rapid Transit) REPUBLIC OF INDONESIA ON
5. Jakarta LRT and Greater Jakarta LRT COOPERATION ON LONG-
TERM COAL, OIL AND GAS
TOURISM SUPPLY AND GEOTHERMAL
1. 2019 - 16.1 Million ENERGY DEVELOPMENT
2. 2020 - 4.0 Million
3. 2021 - 1.6 Million SPECIAL TOPICS
4. 2022 - 5.47 Million A. Galungan Festival
5. 2023 - 11.68 Million
Galungan is a Balinese holiday
celebrating the victory of dharma over
BILATERAL AND MULTILATERAL adharma. It marks the time when the
TREATY OF INDONESIA TO ancestral spirits visit the Earth. The
OTHER COUNTRIES last day of the celebration is
1. Indonesia-Japan Economic Kuningan, when they return. The date
Partnership Agreement is calculated according to the 210-day
2. Indonesia-Korea Comprehensive Balinese Pawukon calendar.
Economic Partnership
3. Indonesia-Australia
Comprehensive Economic
Partnership Agreement B. Climate Change
4. Indonesia-European Free Trade Indonesia is highly vulnerable to
Association (EFTA) climate change impacts, including
Comprehensive Economic extreme events such as floods and
Partnership droughts, and long-term changes
5. Indonesia-Chile Comprehensive from sea level rise, shifts in rainfall
Economic Partnership Agreement patterns and increasing
(IC-CEPA) temperature. While rapid economic
6. Indonesia-Pakistan Free Trade growth has led to a reduction in
Agreement (IP-FTA) poverty in recent decades, with the
7. The Indonesia-Mozambique poverty rate halving from 24% in
Preferential Trade Agreement 1999 to 9.78% in 2020, high
(IM-PTA) population density in hazard prone
areas, coupled with strong Nationally Determined Contribution
dependence on the country’s Targets and Control over
natural resource base, make Greenhouse Gas Emissions in
Indonesia vulnerable to the Relation to National Development’
projected climate variability and (Regulation No. 98).
climate change. These impacts of
climate change will be felt across While Indonesia is the fourth
multiple sectors and regions as the country in Asia to implement a
impacts of climate change could carbon tax, it is also the second
cost between 2.5–7% of the country in Southeast Asia (after
country’s GDP, with the poorest Singapore) to regulate its carbon
bearing the brunt of this burden. market. This is undoubtedly a
According to a report by the significant step forward in the
International Monetary Fund (“IMF”) history of Indonesia to embrace a
on Fiscal Policies to Address greener economy, and a positive
Climate Change in Asia and the mark as the country gets ready to
Pacific (FPACCAP 2021), most of finally map out the actions in
the countries in the region have tackling this challenge faced
implemented carbon tax and around the world.
emissions trading systems as part
of their commitments under the
Paris Agreement. Only Indonesia,
Thailand and Vietnam have yet to
join this list. The government of
Indonesia introduced its long- C. Human rights Violation
anticipated carbon tax through Law
No. 7 of 2021, as the Political and Social Context: - Indonesia
Harmonisation of Tax Regulations hosted the G20 summit in Bali amid global
(Harmonisasi Peraturan tensions, including the war in Ukraine and
Perpajakan/HPP) Bill was signed US-China friction. - The government faced
by the President on October 29 criticism for violating civil and political rights,
2021 (the HPP Law). particularly among disadvantaged groups,
based on various grounds such as Women’s
On the same day, and shortly right, Child protection, Right to religion, Land
before the 2021 United Nations right and LGBTQ+.
Climate Change Conference,
Indonesia issued President
Regulation No. 98 of 2021 on the D. Sulawesi Canal
‘Implementation of Carbon
Economic Value to Achieve
The idea of constructing a canal complexity to the debate. Despite
across Sulawesi dates back to the protests and ecological concerns,
early 2000s, initially suggested during proponents argue that the canal could
the presidency of Susilo Bambang become a vital international sea
Yudhoyono. Dr. Hasanuddin Atjo, route, shortening transport distances
Head of the Central Sulawesi Marine and potentially boosting the economy
and Fisheries Service, and Fadel of Sulawesi and eastern provinces,
Muhammad, then Governor of especially in the context of
Gorontalo province, played key roles Indonesia's new capital, Nusantara, in
in proposing the Equatorial Canal as Kalimantan. The need for thorough
part of the Masterplan for the geological studies due to the region's
Acceleration and Expansion of seismic activity is recognized to
Indonesian Economic Development mitigate risks associated with the
(MP3EI). Despite early discussions, Sulawesi Canal project.
the canal plan faced delays until
January 2015 when Governor Rusli E. Indonesia's New Capital–Nusantara
Habibie revived the proposal,
emphasizing its strategic importance On January 18, 2022, Indonesia's
for regional development and as a Parliament passed the Capital City
sea transport link between Western Bill, marking the beginning of
and Eastern Indonesia. Six Sulawesi construction for the new capital,
provinces agreed on planning the Nusantara, located in East
canal. In 2019, the idea resurfaced, Kalimantan province. This ambitious
linked to discussions about relocating project, estimated at over US$35
Indonesia's capital to Kalimantan. billion, aims to address economic
Ahmad Ali, a member of the People's inequality, overpopulation issues in
Representative Council, supported Jakarta, and promote balanced
the canal, highlighting its potential as growth across Indonesia. President
a gateway to the South China Sea, Joko Widodo emphasizes the need to
benefiting logistical journeys and spread wealth beyond Java, where
industries in the eastern part of 60% of Indonesia's GDP is
Sulawesi. Controversies surround the concentrated. Jakarta, suffering from
project, with concerns about congestion and sinking issues, loses
ecological damage to Sulawesi's rich over US$6 billion annually in
biodiversity, potential impacts on productivity. The new capital's
ocean currents, and the Gulf of relocation to East Kalimantan is
Tomini and Sulawesi Sea expected to encourage investments in
ecosystems. The canal's benefits to the eastern provinces. The
the gas industry, particularly LNG development presents significant
shipping from Central Sulawesi, add opportunities for foreign investors,
with the government funding nearly
60% of the US$35 billion budget.
Incentives, including fiscal and non-
fiscal measures, are being finalized to
attract foreign businesses to
Nusantara. Key figures like Abu
Dhabi Crown Prince Muhammad bin
Zayed Al Nahyan and former British
Prime Minister Tony Blair are part of
the project's steering committee.
Nusantara, spanning 632,850 acres,
four times larger than Jakarta, aims to
be a "smart city" with a focus on
sustainable development. The
government plans to use the internet
of things (IoT) for efficient services
and aims for 75% green open space,
including protected areas and food
production zones. The relocation
aligns with President Widodo's
broader vision, the Global Maritime
Fulcrum (GMF), to make Indonesia
the epicenter of Indo-Pacific maritime
activity. The flagship sea toll program,
part of GMF, aims to reduce price
disparities between islands and has
seen significant expansion since
2016. The new capital offers
opportunities for renewable energy
development, aligning with
Indonesia's goal of achieving a 25%
renewable energy mix by 2025. East
Kalimantan province, rich in potential
for clean energy, particularly solar
and hydroelectric power, opens
avenues for substantial private capital
investment in the renewable sector.