WEEK 1- TYPES OF COMMUNICATIVE

STRATEGIES

If your answer to the question above is yes, well, we share the same
perspective. For me, I must be able to accomplish everything I started
because finishing a task gives me a sense of fulfillment. Sometimes, I feel
unmotivated to work on a task but I am constantly reminding myself that
whether a task is just part of my responsibility or something I truly desire, I
should find the determination and courage to make it.
I am aware that your life as a student is not easy. There are a lot of
learning tasks that you have to accomplish each week. I know that at times,
you feel like you are losing your motivation or maybe you are pressured by
others’ expectations. But believe me, God will never give you a challenge
that you cannot surpass. Just do your part as a student and surely, you will
be able to finish the race with pride.

EFFECTIVE COMMUNINATIVE STRATEGIES

An effective communication strategy maintains connections and
allows communication to work efficiently toward its goals. Since engaging
in conversation is also bound by implicit rules, Cohen (1990) states that
strategies must be used to start and maintain a conversation. There are 7
communicative strategies that you are going to study.
These are nomination, restriction, turn- taking, topic control, topic
shifting, repair and topic shifting.

NOMINATION
When introducing a topic at the beginning of a communicative situation,
what is being used is the nomination strategy. It is a strategy that can also
be applied at any time during the interaction as a way of continuing the
communication. When this strategy is used, the topic is introduced clearly
and truthfully, stating only what is relevant to keep the interaction focused.
A speaker carries out a nomination strategy to collaboratively and
productively establish a topic.
EXAMPLES:
 “Do you have anything to say?”
“Now it is your turn to ask questions.”
“Does that make sense to you?”
The examples given are statements we usually tell when we
would like to request someone to speak in a discussion or
conversation.

RESTRICTION
Restriction as a communicative strategy is a strategy that constrains or
restricts the response of the other person involved in the communication
situation. The listener is forced to respond only within a set of categories
that is made by the speaker.
It also refers to any limitation you may have as a speaker.
EXAMPLES:
“Okay class, during our teleconference, kindly mute yourself. You
may only unmute if you are recognized to recite.”
In this example, the teacher is reminding the students that they
may only speak once they are allowed by the teacher. The teacher
prohibits the students to talk while the discussion is going on.

“For us to have a smooth flow of the program, questions will

only be entertained after the presentation of the team leaders.”

The participants in the situation above are only permitted

to speak if given chance by the speaker.

TURN-TAKING
Turn-taking communicative strategy requires that each speaker speaks only
when it is his/ her turn during an interaction. Knowing when to talk depends
on watching out for the verbal and nonverbal cues that signal the next
speaker that the previous speaker has finished or the topic under discussion
has been exhausted and a new topic may be introduced. At the same time, it
also means that others should be allowed to take a turn. Turn-taking
Communicative Strategy uses either an informal approach (just jump in and
start talking) or a formal approach (permission to speak is requested).
It pertains to the process by which people decide who takes the
conversational floor.
 EXAMPLES:

“Can we all listen to the one who talks in front of us?”

“Excuse me, I think we should speak one at a time. Ana, please speak
first”

“The floor is yours.”

In the given examples, it is evident that the person
talking is giving a turn to the person he/she is talking to in the
communication process.
TOPIC CONTROL
The interaction is kept going by using the topic-control communicative strategy.
This is simply a question-answer formula that moves the discussion forward. This
also allows the listener or other participants to take turns, contribute ideas, and
continue the discussion.

It covers how procedural formality and informality affect the

development of topics in conversation.
EXAMPLES:
“For the meantime, let’s reserve your question for another
discussion.”
“Let me remind you that we shall only discuss the first chapter this
meeting.
Notice that in the examples given, the speaker would like only
to focus on one topic so there will be a good flow of discussion or
conversation.
Now, what is the difference between topic control and
restriction? Imagine that you are in a meeting. If the facilitator
gives rules to follow so everyone is guided in the meeting, the
speaker is limiting the participation of the participants to allow
effective delivery of the information conveyed. This is a restriction.
However, if somebody interrupts and would like to open a new topic
but the speaker redirects the discussion to the main agenda, it is
topic control.

TOPIC SHIFTING
Topic-Shifting communicative strategy is the strategy that is useful in introducing
another topic. This strategy works best when there is follow-through so that new
topic continues to be discussed. This is also used in repair communicative strategy.
 As the name suggests, it involves moving from one topic to another.
EXAMPLES:
“By the way guys, thank you for all your greetings”
“Well, in other news…“
“By the way…“
“Since you mentioned that…“
“I know this is off-topic, but I have to ask/say…“
“Before I forget…“
In our daily conversation or encounter with the people around
us, we tend to talk about topics that interest us the most but
sometimes we used the given examples above as a way for us to open
another topic. Using transitional words to introduce a new topic is a
show of respect to the people we are talking to.
REPAIR
It is a good way of correcting oneself and gives the speaker time to do just
that. recasting means changing the form of a message that could not be
understood. It allows the speaker to say the message in another way so that
the listener can understand what was originally incomprehensible.
It refers to how speakers address the problems in speaking,
listening, and comprehending that they may encounter in a
conversation.
EXAMPLES:

“Excuse me, there are 5 functions of communication, not 4.”

“Let me correct what I mentioned a while ago.”
We cannot deny the fact that sometimes, we unintentionally
commit a mistake while expressing our ideas. Be it the content
itself or the way it is delivered. It is then, very important to correct
our own mistakes so they won’t be multiplied if shared with others.
As a human being, it is normal to commit mistakes what matters
most is we learn from them and we dare to correct them.

TERMINATION
Lastly, termination communicative strategy ends the interaction through
verbal and nonverbal messages that both speaker and listener send to each
other. Sometimes the termination is quick and short. Sometimes it is
prolonged by clarification, further questions, or the continuation of the topic
already discussed, but the point of the language and body movement is to
end the communication.
It refers to the conversation participants’ close-initiating
expressions that end a topic in a conversation. It can be verbal or non-
verbal.

EXAMPLES:
“It was nice meeting you, bye.”
"That’s all for today class, have a nice day!”
“See you next meeting.”
If we start a conversation with someone, we must end it.
Like when you messaged your teacher for clarification about your
lesson. It would be nice if you end the conversation with a simple
expression of gratitude like saying, “Thank you.” The examples
given are usually used to end a face-to-face class. Take note that a
conversation can also be ended with the use of gestures.

GENERALIZATION
As human beings, it is not enough that we master and speak the language
fluently. We have to remember that communication is dynamic and that it is
our responsibility to develop our speaking skills to maintain a good
connection with our intended receivers. The different communicative
strategies are helpful in ensuring effective communication. In this week’s
module, you learned the following strategies:
 Nomination is a strategy used in starting a conversation or
introducing a topic.
 Restriction is a strategy used to limit the participation of the people
involved in the communication process.
 Topic Control is a strategy used to focus on a certain topic during a
conversation.
 Turn-Taking is a strategy used in giving a chance to other
participants to speak
 Topic Shifting is a strategy used when a new topic or idea is to be
introduced in the discussion.
 Repair is a strategy to correct someone’s mistake
 Termination is a strategy used in ending a conversation.
In life, “Think before you speak so you can avoid offending others,
especially when you are feeling emotional. It is during highly
emotional moments that people tend to say things they later
regret.” It is true that communication binds us as a community and it
makes a relationship stronger. However, communication can also destroy a
relationship if misused and if the message is misinterpreted. So, before we
say something, always put yourself in the situation of the person you are
talking to and think twice to avoid hurting or offending others.
As you end this module, remember the word AMORE,
Acknowledge your ability to start a conversation
Make room for everyone to speak
Open the door for corrections
Respect everyone’s opinion
Engage others in the Communication

WEEK 2 - TYPES OF SPEECH ACCORDING TO

PURPOSE
The first step in attaining successful and effective communication is
knowing its context. By simply having and obtaining accurate information
about the scenario which includes the people involved (the audience), the
time and place where it is to be conducted, and the kind of event to be
attended, you will surely have a meaningful and unforgettable
communication encounter.
There are three main types of speech when categorized according to
purpose. These are the informative speech also known as the expository
speech, the persuasive speech, and the entertainment speech. We will deal
with them at a time so we can distinguish their usage as well as their
importance.

INFORMATIVE/EXPOSITORY SPEECH
The informative or expository speech gives factual information to the
audience. The main objective of this speech is to simply inform the audience
where the speaker relays knowledge to an audience on a specific topic.
You are also sharing the information on a specific place, person, issue, or
occasion by describing, explaining, and defining.
When you deliver an informative or expository speech, you are providing
interesting and useful information to your audience so it is important to
make sure that the content is carefully researched, planned, and organized.
The following are situations where informative speech is used:
 A teacher discusses earthquakes in the classroom
 A computer programmer conducts a lecture about a new software
 A scientist deliberates his new invention.
Notice that all examples and situations aim to provide information or
knowledge to people.

PERSUASIVE SPEECH
Persuasive speech is considered the most challenging yet the most
influential of the three types of speech according to purpose. It aims to
change the attitude and beliefs of the listener on topics and issues and to
incite the listener to do a recommended course of action.
Take note that persuasive speech works to convince people to change in
different ways: the way they think, the way they act or do something, and
the way they start doing something they are not used to do.
The speaker tries to persuade the audience with his personal beliefs. He
also tries to reinforce or change the audience's perspective, beliefs, values,
or feelings about a particular subject.
The following are situations where persuasive speech is used:
 Your coach is delivering a motivational speech in improving
someone’s health through better eating.
 The guidance counselor speaks about an optimistic way of thinking in
the new normal.
 The advertisements on television are greatly influencing the
21st century learners.
Notice that all examples and situations have the intention to
persuade people to do the things they are promoting. It has the
tendency that the audience may embrace the things or actions they
are endorsing.

ENTERTAINMENT SPEECH
In delivering an entertainment speech, the listener is not obliged to
remember the information nor follow the course of action. Why? It is
because the listener then only has to sit back and enjoy the information
received from the speaker.
Just remember that the goal of an entertainment speech is that the speaker
provides pleasure and enjoyment that make the audience laugh and make
the mood light.
The following are situations where persuasive speech is used:
 You and your best friend say hilarious things about yourselves and
you laugh at them.
 Alex Gonzaga and other artists speak about funny things in their
vlogs.
 An accountant says jokes just to break the ice in the seminar he
attended.
Notice that in all examples and situations, the sender provides
pleasure and enjoyment while the listener has to sit back and enjoy
the information received from the speaker.

Those are the different types of speech according to purpose.

Always remember that when a speaker delivers a speech, he has
a clear purpose in his mind why he wanted to convey this
message to the audience. We need to be clear on our intention to
avoid confusion.

GENERALIZATION
There are three main types of speech when categorized according to
purpose. These are the informative speech also known as the expository
speech, the persuasive speech, and the entertainment speech. It is
important to know one’s intention or purpose in communication to avoid
confusion and conflicts. We also need to be direct in whatever intention or
purpose we have while communicating.
Let us go back and review the roles and different characteristics of each
type of speech according to purpose.

Informative or expository speech gives factual information to the

audience. The main objective of this speech is to simply inform the audience
where the speaker relays knowledge to an audience on a specific topic.
The persuasive speech aims to change the attitude and beliefs of the
listener on topics and issues and to incite the listener to do a recommended
course of action.
The entertainment speech provides pleasure and enjoyment that make
the audience laugh and make the mood light.
In order to achieve effective and successful communication, do not forget
your PURPOSE, Proper Understanding of Real Purpose
and One’s Self Expression.

WEEK 3- TYPES OF SPEECH ACCORDING TO

DELIVERY
TYPES OF SPEECH ACCORDING TO
DELIVERY
Words don’t usually come out of our mouths by chance, but by choice.
How we connect with others begins with a what (purpose or choice), and
comes into the process with a how (delivery). Making your speech effective
is not just on how you construct it, but also on how you manage to present
it. And that’s where the concept of speech delivery should be learned.
Speech Delivery refers to the expression in words of your messages,
ideas, thoughts, and feelings. There are four types according to manner of
delivery: read, memorized, extemporaneous, and impromptu.
These speech types may also be classified according to the amount of
preparation: Read and memorized have ample time to prepare while
extemporaneous and impromptu have the least time or no time at all.
After knowing the different types of speech according to delivery, now, let’s
discuss each of the types and distinguish the distinct characteristics of
each.

Four Types of Speech According to Delivery

1. READING A MANUSCRIPT/READ SPEECH
In this type of delivery, the speaker reads his/her speech from a
manuscript prepared by the speaker or somebody else commissioned to
write it. The speech is delivered word by word without deviating from the
script.
 Examples of speeches delivered through reading a manuscript
are: State of the Nation Address, Keynote speech on conventions, technical
paper presentation, etc.
Take note that in a read speech, the speaker or the person
commissioned to write the speech will be given ample time to write the
speech and rehearse it. Even though it is read, the speaker still needs to
connect with the audience, thus needs time to prepare.
2. MEMORIZED SPEECH
A memorized speech is delivered without the aid of prepared text or
notes and is committed to memory. Speech is written in advance by the
speaker or by the person commissioned to write it. Therefore, just like the
read speech, it needs enough time for preparation.
Some examples applicable for this type are declamation and oration
pieces, speech choir, and speeches delivered for award acceptances.
There are some similarities between Read Speech and Memorized
Speech: (1) Both are organized and written down word for word and useful
for exactness of information, (2) written language tends to be more formal,
so when writing the speech, read aloud to make sure the language is
suitable; and (3) a written text meant as a speech can be delivered as read
or memorized.
3. EXTEMPORANEOUS SPEECH
Speaker has a short time to prepare and he/she typically delivers
his/her speech with the help of notes which show an outline of the
speech. This type is usually delivered by speakers who have expert
knowledge on the topic.
The common examples of speech that are delivered extemporaneously
are: class discussions, group presentations, and job meetings.
In an extemporaneous speech, speakers may or may not use an
outline of notes, unlike in a read speech in which the speaker has a full
manuscript of the speech. Speakers may opt to follow their notes word by
word or alter it as they deliver the speech.
4. IMPROMPTU SPEECH
This type is delivered on the spur of the moment. Unlike the
extemporaneous speech, the speaker in this type is given no formal
preparation beforehand. Speech is usually short and casual, should not be
wordy or repetitive in an attempt to lengthen speech.
Examples of this type of speech include: job interviews, open forums,
question and answer portion in contests, and occasions (weddings, parties,
etc.)
 Some situations make use of both extemporaneous and impromptu
speech. One example is debate, in which speakers are given a short time to
construct their speech with the use of their outline. But, as they defend the
points raised by the opposing teams on the spot, speakers make use of the
impromptu speech.

You have learned about the different types of speech according to

delivery. Take note that the delivery is as important as the purpose
of the message. The manner you present the speech will also
contribute to the effectiveness of communication. Each type can
differ depending on the context and also the goal of the speech.
Preparation is one aspect that needs to be considered but take note,
that regardless of the type of speech, one must exhibit confidence
for his/her message to be acknowledged.

Let me share with you some facts about one of the famous speeches in the
world.
Did you know that originally, the speech "I Have a Dream" by Martin Luther King was
originally titled "Normalcy, Never Again"? Dr. King didn't begin drafting his speech
until 12 hours before he was scheduled to speak. Three people contributed to the
content of the speech: Dr. King; Stanley Levinson and Clarence Jones. According to
coauthor Jones, Dr. King dramatically departed from the original draft, essentially ad-
libbing one of the world's greatest speeches. As he was speaking, gospel singer
Mahalia Jackson yelled to Dr. King: "Tell them about the dream, Martin." From that
point, Dr. King began punctuating his speech with the phrase, "I have a dream." With
this fact, Martin Luther King used two types of speech according to delivery: reading a
manuscript, as he had a copy of his speech, and extemporaneous for adlibs and
additional lines he used that were also based on his original script. C I HAVE A
DREAM

GENERALIZATION
Speech Delivery refers to the expression in words of your messages, ideas,
thoughts, and feelings. There are four types of speech when categorized according
to delivery, and can further be grouped in two according to the time of
preparation. The types are Reading a Manuscript/Read Speech, Memorized
Speech, Extemporaneous Speech and Impromptu Speech. The types which
are given ample or enough time to prepare are Reading a Manuscript and
Memorized Speech, while the types with less amount of time or no time at all to
prepare are Extemporaneous and Impromptu Speech. Let’s have a review to
distinguish the four types of speech according to delivery.
 Reading a Manuscript/ Read speech delivers a speech with the help of a
script or copy of the whole speech prepared by the speaker or any person
commissioned to write it.
Memorized speech presents the message without a copy or prepared text,
unlike the Read speech. The speech is written in advance and committed to
memory.
Extemporaneous speech provides the speech with the help of key
words/outline that are only prepared for a short amount of time.
Impromptu Speech gives the message or ideas in the spur of the moment
or no preparation at all. Speech is mostly short and casual in this type.
Delivering a speech may be difficult, that nervousness can stir up anxiety
that will hinder you to successfully achieve it. That’s why preparation is so
important, because according to Sunday Adelaja, “Good preparation is better
than hope for a miracle.” But remember that whatever your speech is or manner
of delivery, how it will affect your readers is another thing to consider. Be mindful
of what others will feel, and in order to do that, one must also reflect in his/her
thoughts. That’s why

ABSTRACT FROM THE SPEECH

“I HAVE A DREAM” by Martin Luther King
I say to you today, my friends, that in spite of the difficulties and frustrations
of the moment, I still have a dream. It is a dream deeply rooted in the American
dream.
I have a dream that one day this nation will rise up and live out the true meaning
of its creed: "We hold these truths to be self-evident: that all men are created
equal."
I have a dream that my four children will one day live in a nation where they
will not be judged by the color of their skin but by the content of their character.
I have a dream today.
I have a dream that one day every valley shall be exalted, every hill and
mountain shall be made low, the rough places will be made plain, and the crooked
places will be made straight, and the glory of the Lord shall be revealed, and all
flesh shall see it together. This is our hope. . . With this faith, we will be able to
hew out of the mountain of despair a stone of hope. With this faith, we will be able
to transform the jangling discords of our nation into a beautiful symphony of
brotherhood. With this faith we will be able to work together, to pray together, to
struggle together, to go to jail together, to stand up for freedom together, knowing
that we will be free one day. . . .
And when this happens, and when we allow freedom ring, when we let it
ring from every village and every hamlet, from every state and every city, we will
be able to speed up that day when all of God’s children, black men and white men,
Jews and Gentiles, Protestants and Catholics, will be able to join hands and sing in
the words of the old Negro spiritual: “Free at last! Free at last! Thank God
Almighty, we are free at last!”
WEEK 4: PRINCIPLES OF SPEECH WRITING
WHY WRITE A SPEECH?
We are all representatives of God; to bring his words to all corners of
the world through and by speech. All successful speakers are not born, they
are made. Therefore, one must be equipped with the salient points in
writing a speech so as to compose relevance, power, and action whenever
speaking before a crowd.
The process of writing a speech is as traditional as the other forms of
communication. This means that speech writing, in its most basic sense, can
evolve slowly despite the technological changes that arise. People still
validate truth, confidence, and significance of speech through the words
uttered by the speaker thus the following are the Principles of Speech
Writing that will help you furnish your hands in writing speeches:
1. ANALYZING WHO THE AUDIENCE ARE/ AUDIENCE
PROFILE
You are now on the first principle in writing a speech. In this
code of writing the very first note to take is getting to know who the
intended spectators are. In this way, the speaker can assign
personalized ideas that can capture relevance in the audience’s side.
The following must also be put to consideration:
1. know their age and educational background-
If you think that you will speak before a professional audience,
jargons or technical words must be considered otherwise
neglect these for easier understanding.
2. know their interest-
The personal background shall also be known
to capture ideas they might be more interested in.
3. know what they already know-
To avoid repetition of what is already known, investigate by
subtly asking what they do not know yet.

2. CHOOSING THE TOPIC

In some cases/occasions, you are usually bothered on the main
thought of your speech be it on a birthday party, wedding, or in any
other encounters. One usually makes this as a central consideration
in the success of the overall speech itself. Primarily, the audience
intends to witness and listen to a speaker because they are curious
about what a speaker reveres to talk about. Often, this stage in
speech writing follows the following sub steps:
1. know the AUDIENCE- This refers to the spectators of the speech.
2. know the OCCASION- Make sure that the formality of words is fit to
the event.
3. know the PURPOSE- This refers whether you are there to inform,
persuade or entertain.
4. know YOURSELF as the speaker- Internalize whether you are qualified
to deliver the speech.

3. SOURCING THE INFORMATION

On social media, fake news are rampant. Although everything
can be accessed with the use of just the fingers in searching on the
internet, one must carefully curate the maker of the ideas when
outsourced externally. Credibility of sources and reputation of the
speaker are as important as the message that is being delivered in a
speech. A speaker may choose to rely purely in a dignified source to
form his speech or may cite some of it only and relate them to his
own thoughts to further the speech. Support your discussion up with
scientific and correct explanation.
Properly referencing your sources leads you to acknowledging
the original source you have used in your speech.

4. OUTLINILING AND ORGANIZING THE SPEECH

CONTEXT
Now that you know your audience, chose a topic, and cited
credible sources, put on mind the RULE OF THREE: Introduction,
Body, and Conclusion
Limiting your main points to three allows you to better
organize your speech.
A focused and well-organized speech is easy to comprehend and
follow.
1. Introduction- Set the tone for the speech, introduce the topic,
and get the audience’s set the tone for the speech. The
introduction must contain the presentation of the most
 important ideas. The main argument shall also be included to
attract and pertain directly to the audience.
2. Body- This is otherwise known as the “Heart of the Speech”.
The arguments support the introduction to provide details,
facts or evidences.
3. Conclusion- Punch line to sum-up your speech. All of the
ending ideas must say something in support to the
introduction. The farewell part shall embody the reflective
aspect of the speech.

5. LOGICAL ORGANIZATION/SPEECH PATTERNS

For you to also achieve a powerful written speech, the
succession of your ideas must be considered. A successful speech is
not only substantiated with facts but is presented logically in styles
that are not superficial but thought well. A speaker may choose from
styles of presenting data below:
1. Chronological- when the facts are more narrative and
precedence of events take place in the end and time is a huge factor.
2. Cause and Effect- this is used when a variable of the topic
caused a result that took place because of a relationship.
3. Comparison & Contrast- discusses the ideas that are similar
and different.
4. Problem & Solution- presents issues first and remedies in
the end.

6. DURATION
It depends on the coverage of the set topic but the choice of
gradual continuation of a speech must be long enough to fulfill your
speech goals but short enough to hold your audience's attention.
Some speeches require speakers to finish within allotted time.
The longest timed speech listed in the above document was made by Fidel Castro
of Cuba at the 872nd plenary meeting of the General Assembly on 26 September
1960 (A/PV.872). The time listed is 269 minutes. ENG-FACT

7. WORD CHOICE
The speaker must be conscious with the formality of the event.
Often in formal speeches, vulgar and informal words are not
encouraged. The quality of words must be well-chosen. The topic,
audience, and situation must also be put into consideration in
choosing words such that they are colorful, precise, and definitive.
8. GRAMMATICAL CORRECTNESS
Run-on sentences, weak structures, syntactical errors,
punctuation errors are few that fall under grammatically incorrect
writings. In speech, these must all be avoided to convey, without
confusion, the ideas the speaker intend to say. Although the ideas
and topic are novel and interesting if they are not enunciated well,
the listeners will grapple to grasp the meaning of the speech.

GENERALIZATION
Speaking before a crowd is never an easy job; it takes courage to
enunciate all the words that pertain to the ideas to be conveyed.
Writing, as a skill, makes it easier a job. Before speaking to an
audience consider all the principles above: Analyzing the audience,
Choosing the topic, citing credible source, Outlining, Logical
Organization, Duration, Word Choice and Grammatical correctness.
Bear all this in mind to avoid unsweetened speeches. Just remember
PEN whenever writing a speech.
Possess the ability to search for speech.
Erase doubt and fear in presenting ideas.
Nurture the writer in you to become a pro.

WEEK 5: PRINCIPLES OF SPEECH DELIVERY

It is true that if you have something good and helpful to say, people will
remember you for it. But it is also agreeable that no matter how substantial
your words are, people will not be able to appreciate and understand it if
your delivery is inappropriate and ineffective. Hence, you must always bear
in mind to contemplate first or even think for a while before you speak. In
this world full of varied beliefs, upbringings, and perspectives, we are being
overwhelmed with the vast thoughts we create through our realizations and
that makes us imprisoned in our fear to speak.
Let us first answer this,
According to Clella Jaffee, delivery is the way you perform your speech, this
includes not only your words but also your nonverbal messages. To
communicate competently, you need motivation, as well as knowledge and
skills that, fit with your personality and the social setting. To gain
confidence in your delivery, you can learn to understand and make
competent choices about your nonverbal messages as well as your verbal
ones.

For you to successfully deliver your speech, practice your presentation

while focusing on various elements such as appropriate Articulation,
Modulation, Stage Presence, Facial Expressions/ Gestures/ Movements, and
Rapport with the Audience.

ARTICULATION
It is related to pronunciation, which is the actual and correct way of
saying words. This involves proper stressing and accenting of syllables. To
be an effective, competent, and elegant speaker, it is essential to have an
understanding of how speech sounds are produced. This knowledge will
enable a person to understand why there is a big difference as far as foreign
accents are concerned. In addition, it will also help correct one’s
pronunciation problems and produce sounds correctly.

Voice modulation is important in speech delivery for as a speaker, you

need to develop good vocal characteristics. Several studies are stating that
audiences typically associate vocal characteristics with personality traits.
For Example:
o Loud and Soft speakers – people who are self-sufficient, resourceful,
and dynamic.
o Loud and Slow speakers – people who are aggressive, competitive,
and confident.
o Soft and Fast speakers – people who are competitive enthusiastic, and
benevolent.

One of the pitfalls of good communication is when the speaker fails to

project and modulate his or her voice that it becomes inaudible and difficult
to understand. For you to avoid this, here are some useful guidelines in
adjusting the volume and projection of your voice:
 o Carry your tone or throw out your voice as far as the speech and the
situation will require.
o Practice proper breath control.
o Identify your listeners and acknowledge your audience.
o Develop a very positive attitude toward speaking to an audience.
o Cultivate a sense of participation with your listeners.
o Always direct your thoughts toward the last row of listeners ensuring
that your message will reach them.

STAGE PRESENCE
It is defined as your capability and ability as a speaker to command
and connect powerfully and realistically with impressive manner and style
to your audience. The success of your speech and presentation is dependent
on your ability to engage your audience as you inspire, persuade, convince,
or influence them.
Here are some tips on effective delivery to improve your stage presence:
o Direct eye contact with your audience to show interest in them.
o The facial expression should be on the happy side.
o Hands should be relaxed.
o Check your visual posture.
o Have an appositive attitude.
o Speak with an audible voice, good diction, pronunciation, and
enunciation.
o Deliver your speech with aplomb.

FACIAL EXPRESSION, GESTURES & MOVEMENT

The manner you speak, move and look at the audience is an area
of nonverbal communication over which you have a great deal of control.
Body movements range from large emotions such as posture, walking, and
gesturing, to every small movement such as raising an eyebrow.

Functions of Gestures:
1. Emblems - These gestures stand for words and ideas.
Examples:
 Holding up a hand to ask the audience to be quiet
 Putting forefinger to your lips in a “sh-h-h-h-h” gesture to keep quiet
2. Illustrators - These are gestures that simply illustrate or add emphasis to
your words. These serve the following functions:
 Accent words and phrases
 show spatial relationships
 point to objects
3. Adoptors - These are used to alert the audience of your nervousness
because they are evidence of stress or fear.
Examples:
 Self Adoptors: fidgeting with hair, licking your lips, scratching face,
rubbing hands
 Object Adoptors: touching things like jingling keys or coins in the
pocket, pulling necklace or earrings, twisting a ring, or tapping a pen.
 Alter-Adoptors: folding arms across the chest during intense
questioning.

There are some identified taboos in speech delivery. Take note of each
of these and improve your facial expressions.
1. Making faces, staring at the ceiling, floor, or wall
2. Giggling
3. Wetting lips frequently
4. Putting tongue out
5. Cracking knuckles
6. Putting hands in pockets
7. Fiddling with buttons, ball pens, keys, coins, etc.
8. Constantly shifting from one foot to another
9. Swaying from side to side, rocking backward and forward
10. Putting thumbs under the belt

An effective speaker is someone who establishes rapport

or relationship and connection with his audience. One way of establishing
rapport with the audience is through eye contact. Eye contact also
communicates friendliness. In interpersonal relationships, for instance, one
person who avoids the other’s gaze signals a lack of interest in developing a
relationship. Speech communication is more than just standing in front of
an audience and talking to them; acknowledge your audience before and
after your speech, make them feel special by complementing and
acknowledging them.
1. Put your audience first.
The key to rapport is getting to know as much as possible about
your audience before you start preparing your speech or
presentation. With limited time for your talk, there are always
choices to be made, so the more you know, the better you can
tailor your technical content and examples to meet your audience’s
needs and expectations.
2. Find opportunities for humor
Knowledge of your audience gives you the chance to find
opportunities for humor. It is one of the oldest rapport building
techniques. We warm to people who make us laugh. It is also a
way of showing that you are ‘one of them.
3. Allow for flexibility in your content
Write a speech that will take approximately 80 percent of the time
you have been allocated, then, arrive early and talk to as many
people as possible. In that way, you may pick up stories, examples
that you can refer to in your presentation. The ability to flex your
speech in this way shows genuine responsiveness to your audience
which will be appreciated.
4. First impression count
As a speaker, you are on show from the moment you start meeting
your audience: walking into the conference hotel, the boardroom
at work, stepping onto the podium. Dress appropriately and be in
the mental and physical state, which communicates a positive
attitude and energy to your audience. If you look as if you are
interested and eager to speak to them, you are well on your way to
establishing rapport.
5. Have a strong opening
If you are at a formal event, write the introduction you want the
emcee to give. You want people to hear information that builds
your credibility/authority with this particular audience. This is an
essential part of rapport. If audience members fell that they are in
good hands, they will relax and give attention. Next, find an
opening that will grab the attention and engage your audience as
quickly as possible.
6. Manage the middle
If you are giving a long talk, you need to maintain and peak the
audience’s interest at key points in your speech. A humorous twist
can do this. You can also build up your key arguments to shocking,
or unexpectedly positive conclusions.
7. Use stories for emotional connection
Rapport depends on emotional connection and stories are a highly
effective way to achieve this. “Make a point. Tell a story. Tell a
story. Make a point,” is the public speaking mantra. Evidence
shows that even if we grasp the facts, we are more likely to
remember the story that illustrates it when we go back to our
desks.
8. Use your voice with variety
Varying the pace and volume at which you speak can add to the
impact of your presentation. If you are telling a story about a fast-
paced environment, pick up your pace. If you are giving a piece of
complex information, slow down and let people absorb it. If your
voice matches your content, it will be more engaging.
9. Give the audience time
If you say something funny, let everyone laugh and enjoy the
moment. If you have said something with strong emotion, give
time for it to be absorbed. If you rush on to make your next point,
you signal that your needs are most important. By pausing, you
show you are there for them.
10. Have a strong ending
Craft a clear, concise summary of your key message to end on. You
may have a call to action, which should be specific so that people
leave knowing exactly what they need to do. In that way, your
ideas will stay with them.
We cannot discount the fact that speaking provides us an avenue to
express our ideas for us to be understood by people who surround us, but it
is essential to know and filter the things we speak to avoid
miscommunication. Speak the truth with wit, confidence, and compassion.

GENERALIZATION
Let us go back and summarize what we have just discussed!
These are the Principles of Speech Delivery that will help us in conveying
the message of our speech more effectively.
1. Articulation
It is related to pronunciation, which is the actual and correct way of saying
words.
2. Modulation
Voice modulation is important in speech delivery for as a speaker, you need
to develop good vocal characteristics.
3. Stage Presence
It is defined as your capability and ability as a speaker to command and
connect powerfully and realistically with impressive manner and style to
your audience.
4. Facial Expressions/ Gestures/ Movements
The manner you speak, move and look at the audience is an area
of nonverbal communication over which you have a great deal of control.
5. Rapport with the Audience
An effective speaker is someone who establishes rapport or relationship and
connection with his audience.

In every speaking situation, the effectiveness of your speech delivery is

indeed essential on your victory. Your audience will relate more sincerely
with you if you have confidence in expressing your words. What matters
more than the words you say is your honesty with what you know and feel.

WEEK 6: KOREAN LANGUAGE

Language has proven itself to be essential in any form of
communication, be it verbal or non-verbal. This is the medium that carries
the information or message that is relayed around us. It is through
language, too, where culture and traditions are passed down. Therefore, let
us take an extra effort in dealing with language because of its value.
The languages that we are learning play a big role in taking the next
steps in our lives. This will help us to widen the scope of our audience of
which our connections will take place. Our aim in learning a language must
not focus on skill acquisition, but it should be for great purposes;
international connection.

BRIEF BACKGROUND OF KOREA

Korea is a peninsular country, a country that is surrounded by water,
that lies southward from the northeastern part of the Asian continent. The
country has a unique culture and tradition that are acknowledged around
the world. This is an outcome of Korean people’s gratification towards their
distinctiveness.
Further, Korea is divided into two separate states; namely the
Republic of Korea to the south and the Democratic People’s Republic of
Korea to the north. This is a result of the surrender of Japan to the allies at
the end of World War II. The division has led to two separate sovereign
states with different political governance. Despite the separation, this
peninsular country is still seen as one of the leading countries around the
world.

LANGUANGE
The Korean language has its own alphabet and writing system.
Regardless of the division in the country, the two separate states use the

Korean language as their official language; making the language spoken by

almost 80 million people. The two separate states may have different
dialects, but the fundamental part of the language is just the same.
Linguists believe the Korean language is a member of the Altaic family of
languages, which originated in northern Asia.
o In Korea, people suspected of major crimes, such as rape or murder,
are forced to re-enact their crimes.
o Korea makes more money from computer games than it does from K-
Pop.
o In Korea, when you are asked to attend a wedding, you are expected
to give cash in an envelope to help the newlyweds cover their wedding
costs.
o Koreans are already 1 year old when they are born.
o Everyone in Korea gets 1 year older on New Year’s Day. It’s like
saying, everyone celebrates their birthdays at the same time.
o Valentine’s day is a romantic day for all guys. Hence, it is expected for
women to give gifts to their boyfriends/husbands on that day, not the
other way around.
o On the other hand, March 14th is a romantic day for women. This is
when women expect men to return the favor.
o In Korea, Christmas is for couples and New Year is for families.
o Koreans are some of the least obese people in the world.
o Plastic surgery is quite normal in Korea as it’s been reported that
around 25-35% of women in Seoul had plastic surgery.
o Over 50% of all Koreans have the surname Kim, Lee, or Park, with
more than 20% of them being part of the Kim family.
o South Korea has the world’s best internet. And it was the first country
to fully adopt 5G network access.
o The world’s largest department store is found in Korea (Shinsegae
Department Store in Centum City in Busan).
o Koreans use metal chopsticks unlike the other parts of Asia, where
chopsticks are often made from wood or plastic.
o In Korea, to show their love for their national dish, they say “kimchi”
when posing for a photo.

After you were amazed at how unique their living was as

compared to us, let’s proceed with some of the terms that
you can use when you are planning to visit Korea. Here are
some of the basic Korean words:

KOREAN
ENGLISH
TRANSLATION
NUMBERS

One II/ Hana

Two I/ Dul

Three Sam/ Set

Four Sa/ Net

Five Oh/ Daseot

Six Yuk/ Yeoseot

Seven Chil/ Ilgop

Eight Pal/ Yeodol

 Nine Gu/ Ahop

Ten Sib/Yeol

Twenty Isib/ Seomul

FAMILY MEMBERS

Mom/Mother Eomma/Eomeoni

Dad/Father Appa/Abeoji

Old sister – if you are male Nuna

Old sister – if you are female Eonni

Old brother – if you are male Hyeong

Old brother – if you are female Oppa

Younger sibling Dongsaeng

Younger brother Namdongsaeng

Younger sister Yeodongsaeng

Husband Nampyeon

Wife Anae

Son Adul

Daughter Tal

Uncle Samchon

Aunt Imo

Grandfather Hal-abeoji

Grandmother Halmeoni
 Family Gajog

GREETINGS AND GENERAL CONVERSATION

Hello Annyeonghaseyo

How are you? Jal jinesseoyo

I’m fine, thanks Jeoneun jal jimesseoyo

I’m not well, thanks Jal jinejimotaesseoyo

How about you? Dangsineunyo

What is your name? Ileumi meo eyo

My Name Is ,…, Jeoneun……… ieyo

Nice to meet you. Mannaseo bangawoyo

See you later Ddo bwayo

Goodbye Jal gayo

Good luck Haeng-unel bileoyo

Take Care josimmhaeyo

Yes Ne

No Aniyo

Maybe Amado

Please juseyo

Excuse me sill-ye-ham-ni-da

Ok gwaen-chan-a-yo

How old are you? myeossaliseyo

 I Am … Years Old Jeonum,…, ssalieyo

I Am From ,…, ,…,Eseo Wasseoyo

I Am … Years Old Jeonum,…, Sal Leyo

I’m Sorry ( apologize ) Mian hamnida

I’m Sorry ( sympathy)N yugamimnida

That’s right majayo

Thank You Kamsamhamnida

You’re Welcome Cheonmaneyo

Enjoy Your Meal Mashittge Duseyo

Help Me Dowajuseyo

Congratulations Chukhahaeyo

Welcome Hwaneonhaeyo

Happy Birthday Saengil Chukhahaeyo

Merry Christmas Meri Keuriseumasu

Happy New Year Saehaebok Manhi Badeuseyo

Please Forgive Me Yongseohaseyo

No Worries Geokjengmarayo

Do you understand? Ihae doeseyo

I don’t understand Ihaeka andoeyo

I understand Ihae haesseoyo

Where Are You Going? Eodie gayo

 What mwo

Where Eodiyo

Who nugu

Why waeyo

GENERALIZATION
Let’s go back to what we have discussed above.
You have learned that Korea is a peninsular country which is
surrounded by water. It is also a country that has two sovereign states;
North and South Korea. These two states embrace autonomy and, therefore,
have their own different political ideologies. You also learned that Hangul is
how they call their alphabets. And regardless of the division in Korea, the
country still uses the Korean language as its official language. You also
encountered some interesting facts about their culture and traditions. Then,
you familiarized yourself with some of the basic terms in Korean language.
Truly, everything about Korea is amazing, from its unique history
down to its people’s way of living. Thus, let’s find a place in our heart to
appreciate the differences that delve among the different countries. As it
was said in Corinthians 2; 4:15, “All this is for your benefit, so that the
grace that is reaching more and more people may cause thanksgiving to
overflow to the glory of God.” Indeed, if we extend our appreciation to other
people regardless of their race, skin, or belief can cultivate peace and
goodwill that give our Lord greater glory on his name.
Hence, regardless of our cultural difference, we must always
remember, KOREA!
WEEK 7 - Brief Background of Japan/Basic Japanese Terms
and Greetings
It is revealed to us that somehow, people in other countries have
different belief system as ours; that they have their own ways on how to act
and on how to do things. Being able to know this, makes us more aware and
flexible in dealing with them. Since good communication makes things go
around, knowing one’s language is an important factor or aspect that we
need to consider.
As we go through with our lesson, we will find out more of these
differences. We will also be provided with some basic Japanese terms that
could help us to interact more with people when we happen to visit Japan.
Enjoy as you explore the world of language and speaking!

BRIEF BACKGROUND OF JAPAN

Paleolithic people from the Asian mainland. At the end of the last Ice Age,
about 10,000 years ago, a culture called the Jomon developed. Jomon hunter-
gatherers fashioned fur clothing, wooden houses, and elaborate clay vessels. The
name Jomon, meaning 'cord marked' or 'patterned', comes from the style of pottery
made during that time.
The Japanese archipelago includes more than 3,000 islands, covering
a total area of 377,835 square kilometers (145,883 square miles). The four
main islands, from north to south, are Hokkaido, Honshu, Shikoku, and
Kyushu.
 JAPAN
The word Nihongo means "Japanese language" in the Japanese
language. The go 語, is a suffix meaning "language" and it can be found at
the end of many words for languages in Japanese.
The vast majority of Japan's citizens (99 percent) speak Japanese as
their primary language.
Japanese is in the Japonic language family and seems to be unrelated
to Chinese and Korean. However, Japanese has borrowed heavily from
Chinese, English, and other languages. In fact, 49 percent of Japanese
words are loanwords from Chinese, and 9 percent come from English.
Three writing systems coexist in Japan: hiragana, which is used for
native Japanese words, inflected verbs; katakana, which is used for non-
Japanese loanwords, emphasis, and onomatopoeia; and kanji, which is used
to express a large number of Chinese loanwords in the Japanese language.

JAPAN FACTS
 When Japanese people meet, they traditionally bow instead of shake
hands, and the lowest bow shows the deepest respect
 Japan is a country that has one of the world’s longest measurable
histories.
 Japan also has around 1100 national treasures and 13000 items of
cultural significance.
 Japan has the third longest life expectancy in the world with
men living to 81 years old and women living to almost 88 years old.
The Japanese live on average four years longer than Americans.
 The Japanese eat more fish than any other people in the world, about
17 million tons per year.
 Over two billion manga, Japanese comic books or graphic novels, are
sold in Japan each year.
 Japan has around 5.5 million vending machines with one on almost
every street corner.
 Anime, or animated Japanese films and television shows, account for
60% of the world’s animation-based entertainment.
 It is appropriate to slurp noodles, especially soba (buckwheat), when
eating in Japan. Slurping indicates the dish is delicious. It also cools
down the hot noodles.

JAPAN TRIVIA
There Are Cues for Your Shoes
You might know that it’s polite to take your shoes off when entering
someone’s home in Japan. But it can be difficult to tell if you’re supposed to
take them off in many other buildings, such as temples, shrines, and
restaurants. Fortunately, there are a few cues to look for, such as if slippers
are set around the entrance, it’s a clear indication that guests should take
their outdoor shoes off and put the slippers on instead. Additionally, if the
floor is raised at the entrance, it means guests should take their shoes off in
the doorway before stepping inside and onto the raised surface.
Chopstick Positions Have Meaning
When you’re dining in Japan, it’s important to never stick your
chopsticks into your food to rest them when you’re not eating. This actually
resembles a ceremony performed at funerals in Japan, and it’s considered to
be a bad omen. For the same reason, it’s also taboo to share food with
others by passing it chopsticks to chopsticks. If you want to share, use your
chopsticks to place the food on the other person’s plate.
Slurping Is A Compliment
For a country with so many strict etiquette rules, it comes as a shock
to many Westerners that slurping noodles or soups while eating is perfectly
acceptable in Japan. In fact, slurping isn’t just acceptable — it’s actually
encouraged. It’s considered to be a sign that the food is delicious, and it’s a
compliment to the cook. It makes it easier to eat the noodles quickly while
they’re still hot, which is said to be the best way to appreciate their flavor.
Slurping can also minimize messiness, helping to prevent broth from
spilling on your clothes as you eat.
Learn the following basic Japanese vocabulary, and you’ll be having
conversations sooner than you think! Here is a list of some of the
common basic Japanese words:

ENGLISH JAPANESE TRANSLATION

NUMBERS

One Ichi

Two Ni

Three San

Four Yon/Shi
 Five Go

Six Roku

Seven Nana/Shichi

Eight Hachi

Nine Kyuu/ku

Ten Juu

Twenty Niju

ENGLISH KOREAN TRANSLATION

GREETINGS AND GENERAL CONVERSATION

Hello Konnichiwa

How are you? Ogenkidesuka

Thank you Arigatogozaimashita

I’m not well Taichōgawarui

How about you? Anata wa do?

What is your name? Onamaehanandesuka?

My Name Is ,…, Watashi mo namae wa … desu

Nice to meet you. Hajimemashite

See you later Ja matane

Goodbye Sayonara

Good luck Ganbarou

 Take Care Ki o Tsukete

Yes Hai

No Iie

Maybe Tabun

Please Onegaishimasu

Excuse me Sumimasen

It’s okay Daijobudesu

How old are you? Anata wa nan-saidesu ka?

I Am From ,…, Watashi wa…shusshindesu

I Am … Years Old Watashi wa…sai desu

I’m Sorry Moshiwakearimasen

That’s right Sono tori

Thank You Arigatogozaimashita

You’re Welcome Doitashimashite

Enjoy Your Meal Dōzo omeshiagarikudasai

Help Me Tasukete

Congratulations Omedeto

Welcome Yokoso

Happy Birthday Tanjobiomedeto

Merry Christmas Merikurisumasu

Happy New Year Akemashiteomedetogozaimasu

 Please Forgive Me Watashi o yurushitekudasai

No Worries Shinpai nai

Do you understand? Wakarimasu ka?

I don’t understand Wakaranai

I understand Wakarimasu

Where Are You Going? Doko ni iku no?

What Nani

Where Doku

Who Fu

Why Naze

GENERALIZATION
You have learned that the Japanese archipelago includes more than
3,000 islands with its four main islands, from north to south: Hokkaido,
Honshu, Shikoku, and Kyushu. Also, the word Nihongo means "Japanese
language”. The go 語 , is a suffix meaning "language" and it can be found at
the end of many words for languages in Japanese. There are also a lot of
interesting facts and trivia about Japan.
Knowing things and information about Japan made us realize that
the culture we have in our country has a big difference to theirs making us
having different belief systems. Even though that is the case, we need to
remember that they are no different to us; that we are all humans created
by God and that we should embrace and accept each other. As this bible
verse goes, “For by people of strange lips and with a foreign tongue, the
Lord will speak to these people” - Isaiah 28:11.
Further, we must always remember, NIHONGO!

N othing’s more than

I nspiring and
 H ealthy as
O bserving
N obility and
G enuineness in

O ne’s words and arguments!

WEEK 8: CHINESE LANGUAGE

BRIEF BACKGROUND OF CHINA
China, an ancient, mysterious and beautiful land, is always appealing
to adventurous foreign v isitors. Located in Southeast Asia along the
coastline of the Pacific Ocean, China is the world's third largest country,
after Russia and Canada. With an area of 9.6 million square kilometers and
a coastline of 18,000 kilometers, its shape on the map is like a rooster.
One of China's greatest treasures is her long, rich history. The first
dynasty, the Xia Dynasty, dates to about the 21st century BC. For 4,000
years, feudalism was the dominant economic and cultural model. Then, in
1911, the revolution led by Sun Yat-sen brought the monarchy to an end. On
October 1st, 1949, PRC was founded, fully named the 'People's Republic of
China'. Since then, this country has developed independently and
vigorously. Most recently, reform and opening-up policy has energized life
in this country.

LANGUAGE
The official language of China is the Mandarin, which is the very
name of 'Hanyu' or 'Putonghua', belonging to Sino-Tibetan. Putonghua is a
parlance in mainland China. It is the common language of all modern Han
nationality people. In Taiwan Province and Hong Kong, it is called 'Guoyu'
while in Singapore and Malaysia, it is often called 'Huayu'.
Mandarin is shaped and based on the Beijing dialect and other
dialects spoken in the northern areas of China. It is used as a mother
tongue by the most people accounting for about one fifth of the world's
population. China has many different dialects which are of great complexity.
Divided into official and non-official dialects, they vary between different
areas. The official dialects generally refer to the northern dialects, while the
non-official dialects are often spoken in the southeast part of the country.

CULTURAL FACTS
 The name 'China' is believed to have been derived from the Qin
dynasty. The first emperor of the Qin Dynasty Qin Shi Huang, who
lived from 260-210 BC, unified China in 221 BC. This Imperial period
lasted until 1912 A.D.
 The Chinese civilization is believed to have begun in about 6000 B.C.
 The Chinese language is the longest continuously used language in
the world.
 Chinese culture considers the number '4' to be bad luck, unlike in the
Western part of the world that considers '13' to be unlucky. Chinese
elevators do not have the number '4'.
 Chinese culture considers the number '8' to be lucky.
 Traditional Chinese culture includes a variety of festivals including
Chinese New Year, the Lantern Festival, Ching Ming and Ghost
Festival Month, the Dragon Boat Festival, the Moon Festival, the
Festival of the Gun Hills, and the Chau Bun Festival.
 Chinese New Year has been a traditional Chinese Festival for more
than 4000 years. It is meant to end the winter season and mark the
beginning of spring. Chinese New Year falls on the first day of the first
month of the Lunar Calendar. The Lunar Calendar can begin at the
end of January or beginning of February and ends with the first full
moon - 15 days later.
 In Chinese culture the Chinese Zodiac determines what animal an
individual is, depending on the year one is born. There are 12 animals,
each one meant to determine a person's destiny.
 In Chinese culture there are 5 elements that are meant to determine a
person's luck. These include wood, fire, earth, water, and metal.
 In Chinese culture food is important and it changes depending on the
region in China that one lives. It can be light and subtle (Northern
China), to hot and spicy (Western China), spicy and sweet (Central
China), subtle flavors and seafood and soups, rice and noodles
(Eastern China), Cantonese food such as ginger and soy dishes
(Southern China).
 China's most famous philosopher was Confucius (551 to 479 B.C.)
whose teachings have been used to set a moral code and religious
code.
  Chinese culture determined that two basic energies - Yin and Yang -
must be in balance for good fortune. Yin and Yang is the core of many
Chinese customs including medicine, Feng Shui, and Taoism.

INTERESTING FACTS
China owns all the giant pandas in the world
China pretty much owns every single existing giant panda out there
and they are China’s legal property loaned out to various countries.
Currently, there are 1,600 pandas alive across the world as per data given
by the World Wildlife Fund in 2004. Out of those 1,600, only 350 live in
zoos, sanctuaries and breeding centers under direct human care. And out of
the 350 giant pandas, only a mere 50 can be found outside of China. As per
reports, China has direct ownership over every living giant panda around
the world, even if they might have been born in another country.

The Great Wall of China was built with rice

The Great Wall of China originally acted as a barrier to protect the
country from nomadic groups and invaders. The Great Wall also regulated
trade along the Silk Road, and served as a means to monitor immigration.
The great structure stands at 20 ft – 46 ft and stretches at a length of
21.19618 million m. However, most people don’t know that the bricks were
held together by a mixture of sticky rice flour and slaked lime for the Ming
Dynasty section of the wall.

China holds the most out of all the tallest statues in the world.
Out of the 130 largest statues in the world, China has the most at 35 statues.
This is followed by India at 25 statues. It’s no surprise that a chunk of these 130
statues depict Buddha who originated from India and with Buddhism as one of the
main religions in China. The Spring Temple Buddha in the Lushan County of
Henan, China stands at 128 m (420 ft) and is the second-largest statue in the
whole world.

BASIC MANDARIN WORDS

ENGLISH CHINESE TRANSLATION
NUMBERS
One Yi
 Two Er

Three San

Four Si

Five Wu

Six Liu

Seven Qi

Eight Ba

Nine Jiu

Ten Shi

GREETINGS AND GENERAL CONVERSATION

Hello Ni hao

How are you? Ni hao ma?

I’m fine, thanks Hai hao, xie xie

I’m not well, thanks Wo shenti bu hao, xie xie

How about you? Ni ne?

What is your name? Nin gui xing?

My Name Is ,…, … Wo jiao/ … Wo shi

Nice to meet you. Hen gaoxing jian dao ni

See you later Huitou jian

Goodbye Zai jian

Good luck Zhu hao yun

Take Care Zhaogu ziji

 Yes Shi

No Bu shi/Meiyou

Maybe Yexu

Please Qing

Excuse me Lao Jia

Ok Hao de

How old are you? Nin duo da le? /Nian ji le

I Am … Years Old Wojin nian…sui

I Am From … Wo laizi

I’m Sorry (apologize) Du bu qi

That’s right Mei cuo

Thank You Xie xie

You’re Welcome Bu ke qi

Enjoy Your Meal Qing xiangyong

Help Bang bang mang

Congratulations Gong xi

Welcome Huanying

Happy Birthday Zhu ni sheng ri kuaile

Merry Christmas Sheng dan kuaile

Happy New Year Xin nian kuaile

Please Forgive Me Qing yuanliang wo

 No Worries Bie danxin

Do you understand? Ni ming baile ma?

I don’t understand Wo bu mingbai

I understand Wo mingbaile

Where Are You Going? Ni yao qu nali?

What Shenme

Where Na li/Nar

Who Shui

Why Wei Shenme

Note: The Chinese translations in the table may have another spelling or
another translation. You may download Learn Chinese application in the
play store or Appstore to learn more Chinese terms and to practice correct
pronunciation of the given terms in the table.

GENERALIZATION
Let’s go back to what we have discussed in this lesson.
In this lesson, you have learned much about China. You learned that it
is the third largest continent after Russia and Canada. It is seen in
Southeast Asia along the coastline of the Pacific Ocean with an area of 9.6
million square kilometers and a coastline of 18,000 kilometers, its shape on
the map is like a rooster. You also learned that China has various dialects
but Mandarin is its official language. You also encountered some interesting
facts about their culture and traditions. Then, you familiarized yourself with
some of the basic terms in Chinese language.
Communication is not just confined in familiar languages. Sometimes
we need to go out of our boundary, over great walls and beyond rivers to
broaden our connection with others. New language may create barriers, but
with the effort of learning it, and so with its culture, it will open a way to
new friendships and careers. Learning a new language is not just a
bragging right, but a skill that can be utilized in enhancing communication
by building agreements and amending misunderstandings. Travelling is not
just about connecting with beautiful places, but about connecting with the
people and their culture.
Language is a great factor for diversity. However, as a part of one
world, one society, and one community, may we learn that diversity is a tool
for understanding. It is not a factor for us to be divided and separated but it
is a motivation for us to be more aware and involved. As one Louisian
Community, let us open our minds, give more understanding, and show
greater compassion to our differences and diversities. As what has been
said in Colossians 3:12, “Therefore, as God's chosen people, holy and dearly
loved, clothe yourselves with compassion, kindness, humility, gentleness
and patience”. Hence, remember CHINA.

Culminate a
Healthy and
Involving environment to peacefully address every
Nation’s
Adversities.