Now let us look at the 1830 PSS photonic SWDM NE system architecture.

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Shown here is a high-level functional block diagram of the Switching OCS NE and Photonic SWDM NE.
We will now take a closer look at the architecture of the photonic SWDM NE.
Note how the OTS lines, transponders, and optical channel switch fit into the functional diagram. Control,
Power, and Protection functionality are also integrated into the system.

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Remember our basic network architecture. This is a two-degree node with traffic flowing in two directions.
Some channels pass through our node, some are added, and some are dropped. The line traffic flowing
around the network gets amplified as it enters our node and, if required, it gets amplified as it leaves.
Local client traffic that is added and dropped comes to the office at a 1310 wavelength, often referred to as
Black and White, and enters a tunable optical transponder. The transponder is connected to a filter port.
There is a wide variety of client signals acceptable to the 1830 PSS transponders, including Ethernet signals,
TDM signals, and optical signals. Once the signal leaves the transponder, it will be an optical signal until it
reaches its final destination.
Each channel in the network receives the Wavetracker coding that allows the system to track, monitor, and
adjust every channel along its journey around the network.

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The most obvious difference between TOADM, ROADM, FOADM and flex grid ROADM CDC-F is the filter.
TOADMs always have either the CWR8 or the CWR8-88 circuit pack, which has 8 tunable ports. Each port can
allow a single channel to be added/dropped, or it can be used to add a degree or direction to the node. The
CWR8s also allows static filters to be connected to provide traffic to all 88 channels.
The ROADM and FOADM use static filters in 5, 8, 40, or 44-channel varieties. These filters can be used
individually, or the 5 and 8 channel types can be cascaded. For example, there are 8 varieties of the 5 channel
filters, and 4 varieties of the 8 channel filters, slightly different channels so you can cascade them together
and grow a few channels at a time. For larger applications, you have the 40 and 44-channel filter banks that
can be combined for a total of up to 88 channels.
Each node can be configured for Dense Wavelength Division Multiplexing (DWDM), which has up to 88 possible
channels, or it can be arranged as Coarse Wavelength Division Multiplexing (CWDM). There are a total of 8
CWDM channels, but those 8 channels match 8 of the DWDM channels.
The other type of OADM configuration is ROADM CDC-F optical architecture, with colorless, directionless, and
contention-less add/drop capability, for coherent OT based add/drop only. The architecture supports up to
degree 8 based on a 88 x 50 GHz band with the first channel centered at 191.700 THz, and the last at
196.050 THz.

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Let us start by reviewing some key terminology.
The first example shown is FOADM. Here, we have traffic flowing from one node to another. In this example,
we use fixed filters; channels are added or dropped by way of a static filter, which is fibered to a tunable
optical transponder. This is very low on capital expenses as the individual parts are the most cost-efficient,
but any changes require technicians to travel to the node and rearrange the fibers.
Next, we have a two-degree ROADM, or TOADM. Two-degree refers to a network element that has traffic
entering and leaving the node in only two directions. These directions are referred to as East and West. In
ROADM, at least some of the filters must be able to be controlled remotely. This way it is reconfigurable
without requiring a technician. The key in this scenario is to have predictably shifting traffic patterns so that
changes can be planned for and the right traffic can be connected to configurable filters ahead of time.
ROADM tends to have some traffic that seem to be stable; this can be connected to the static, lower-cost
equipment, while other traffic is connected to more expensive reconfigurable equipment.
A ROADM, or even a FOADM configuration can have multiple degrees. This means that traffic can enter and
leave a single node in more than two directions. iROADMF and iROADMV, low-cost Integrated Metro ROADM
cards are available now.
The last configuration is called Colorless Directionless Contention-less Flex grid (CDC-F) ROADM. It allows
traffic to flow in many directions or degrees. Any channel can be assigned to any port since all the ports are
tunable. This allows the maximum flexibility and the least amount of operating expenses since many of the
reconfiguration tasks are performed automatically, and the rest are performed remotely.
Using these basic configurations, other network architectures are possible. We will take a closer look at the
configurations in Network Configurations.

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There are two versions of the Colorless Wavelength Router (CWR). First is the CWR8, which is allowed to
connect to the SFD44 or the SFD40 on its expansion port for access to either 40 or 44 channels. Each channel
is separated by 100 GHz, starting at channel 9170, which operates at 191.7 terahertz. The next channel is
9180, which operates at 191.8 terahertz. These are commonly referred to as even channels.
If you have the CWR8-88 along with the SFD44B or SFD40B and Interleaver, you can process 80 or 88
channels. The SFD44B has 44 additional wavelengths that are operating at 50 GHz offset from the SFD44.
The SFD44B’s first channel is 9175 and it operates at 191.75 terahertz and the next channel is at 191.85
terahertz. These are commonly referred to as odd channels. You can set this up with SFD40s and SFD40Bs as
well. The SFD40 has a slightly different channel map but is still within the C-band. The SFD40 requires power
and does not provide performance monitoring; so there are some slight differences, but they operate in
essentially the same way.
In its more basic application, the eight colorless ports can be connected to individual transponders to add or
drop 8 client signals. In more complex configurations, they will be connected to additional CWR cards. We will
discuss this later.
Only the CWR8-88 can process the odd channels.
One channel can be added or dropped to these colorless ports; this channel can be freely chosen. In contrast
to the colorless ports, the THRU port carries a complete WDM signal. It is used to connect an additional CWR8
card. The THRU port of a CWR8 passes only 44 channels, while the THRU port of the CWR8-88 passes all 88
channels; so the THRU port of a CWR8 should never be connected to the THRU port of a CWR8-88 card. For
other restrictions on compatibility between different cards, refer to the 1830 PSS Product Information and
Planning Guide.
This module focuses on system architecture and topology. As a general rule, the topology and configuration
of a network are not dependent on the number of channels. So, in many cases, we will simply refer to the CWR
or the SFD, rather than distinguish between the two versions.

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Look at the Wavelength Router (WR) cards. Note that they look similar to the CWR cards. What are the
differences?
The expansion port becomes the DROP port on the WR, since it is only a unidirectional port. The unidirectional
Interleaver card or ITLU must be used here. WR8 has no colorless ports, but does provide 8 unidirectional ADD
ports. In addition, we have three unidirectional MESH out ports. They can be used in the same way as the
THRU port to connect additional WR cards. The ADD IN ports are used to connect the signal from the static
filter cards or from the MESH ports of additional WR cards.

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The CDC-F ROADM uses a route and select architecture, where channels are selected on each add/drop port
of the WR20-TFM. The WR20-TFM selects channels bound for the multi-case add/drop blocks receiving
channels from the degree, and directs them to the correct add/drop ports to reach those MCS8-16s.
The MSH8-FSM statically connects the WR20-TFM add/drop ports to the AAR-8A for each MCS8-16. The AAR-
8A in the add/ drop direction amplifies the signal. Each MCS8-16 selects channels dropped from degrees
bound for particular add/drop ports of the MCS.
Interworking between CDC ROADMs and C+L ROADMs with C+L band Link Combinations is supported to allow
CDC C-only ROADM nodes to work with CDC C+L ROADM nodes.

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The 1830 TDM Extender (TDMX) or TDM Extender Compact (TDMXC) works as a drop shelf of the 1830 family.
The TDMX or TDMXC can operate with an 1830 PSS shelf as single node, where TDMX or TDMXC (R2.3.15 and
R2.3.17) will work as drop shelf for the 1830 PSS shelf. The software in the 1830 PSS shelf supports the
necessary provisioning commands for the TDMX or TDMXC drop shelf operation.
It is an ideal customer premises equipment (CPE) for the delivery of simultaneous TDM services. The 1830
TDMX or TDMXC extends services to the customers‘ premises for fixed telecommunications network and
wireless network service providers, and enterprise customers with rapid payback on investment as well. It is a
very compact SDH CPE solution providing large capacity and high-port density at very low power consumption
per Mb/s transmitted.

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The following features are supported in release 2.3.15 of 1830 TDMX-TDMXC:
• E1, T1 and STM-1,4,16 supported in compliance with ETSI standards.
• High capacity super-impact 2U design for customer premises deployment.
• Ultra high-port density for a CPE device with up to 252 E1 ports per chassis (1830 TDMX).
• Ultra high-port density for a CPE device with up to 105 E1 ports per chassis (1830 TDMXC).
• SDH protection with subnetwork connection protections (SNCP/I and SNCP/N), linear multiplex section
protection (MSP 1+1).
• CWDM and DWDM Small Form Factor Pluggable or SFP.
• Mainboard redundancy.
• EPS (Equipment Protection Switch) for PE1A or PE1B board and main board for 1830 TDMX.
• The HO SDH capacity of 1830 TDMX-TDMXC is 21.25G and LO SDH capacity is 5G.

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Ok, now that we understand the shelf configurations and the hardware elements that make those
configurations happen, let’s look at the network applications.

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Linear applications extend from one point to another. The nodes on the ends are 1-degree and the nodes in
the middle are 2-degree. This topology does not offer much protection against backhoes and tornadoes. It is
one of the least expensive since it does not require a diverse route. The two end nodes are terminal nodes,
where every channel in use is added and dropped. The intermediate nodes can add and drop or pass through.
Probably the most common topology is the basic ring. Each node is 2-degree, but the channels can traverse
the ring in both directions; if a node is taken out by a catastrophe, or a fiber is cut by a backhoe, then the
traffic can traverse the ring along a second path and complete the call. Each node is an add drop node.
The ring with a mesh node allows more than one ring to be interconnected. In the center of the diagram is a
multi-degree node that allows two rings to be interconnected. The multi-degree node in this case is a 4-
degree TOADM. The subnet in the upper-left corner of this diagram requires two 3-degree TOADMs. PSS-16
shelves are 2-degree only and so a PSS-16 cannot be used as a mesh node.
All three of these topologies will allow ILAs between any two nodes to obtain more distance between two add
drop nodes.
There are many varieties and combinations of these three basic topologies. When you have an 1830 PSS with
the colorless wavelength router or CWR8, the flexibility you gain is nearly endless.

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A DWDM FOADM node supports linear network configurations and optical interconnections of up to 4 degrees.
The graphic shows a FOADM linear network with the two end terminals. A 2-degree FOADM is used in between
the end terminals.
The SFD40B and SFD44B are not supported for FOADM configurations greater than 2-degree; therefore, 3-
and 4-degree FOADM configurations only support even channels.
A FOADM hub or a ring terminal is a configuration of two lines in a ring where OTs terminate all wavelengths
and no channels cross between these two lines.
A CWDM FOADM supports linear network configurations and optical interconnections of 1 and 2 degrees only.
OMSP is now supported in FOADM configuration covering the coherent cards:
260SCX2,130SCX10,130SNX10, and 130SCUPB/C. OMSP using bidirectional amplifiers: AHPHG, AHPLG, and
A2325A.

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The power of the TOADM is the CWR8 with its eight colorless ports. Colorless ports can be used for OTs to
connect to different degrees. In this 2 degree node, line traffic enters the node through the amplifiers. This is
then sent to the CWR8. From the CWR8, traffic can be passed through to the other direction or individual
channels and can be added and dropped at the eight colorless ports. These ports, as shown here, can
accommodate client traffic directly from an optical transponder. In this diagram, each degree or direction is
capable of adding and dropping eight channels.

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If we add a second WR8-88 card to an existing one, we get a 2-degree ROADM configuration. Remember that
only the WR8-88 card supports up to 88 channels. If the MESH OUT ports are used to connect more WR8
cards, up to 5 degrees are possible. Using MESH 4 cards will add another 3 degrees, allowing a maximum of 8
degrees for the ROADM configuration. This configuration can now be expanded to more complex
configurations. OMSP is now supported in ROADM configuration and uses WR8-88A, WR8-88AF, and WR2-88.
The following OTs are supported for OMSP-112SNX10, 112SNA1, 11STAR1, 11STAR1A, 11QPA4, 11DPE12E,
and 11DPE12A.The following LDs will be supported: AHPHG, AHPLG, A2325A, AM2125A, and AM2318A
iROADMF and iROADMV have been added as low-cost Integrated Metro ROADM cards. iROADMF has built-in
fixed-gain amplifiers, and iROADMV has built-in variable gain amplifiers 1xN WSS on a single card.

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If two rings share traffic, the node at which the rings meet would be a 4-degree node that requires a minimum
of four WR8-88 cards. Let us take a closer look at how they are connected. A pair of wavelength router cards
can be connected using the THRU ports. Since the cards must be connected to each other, the MESH ports
are connected to the ADD IN ports of the remaining WR cards that are not yet connected by the THRU ports.
Now the traffic can be switched as necessary. 4D nodes are also found in mesh networks.

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So, putting it all together, the mesh capabilities of the WR8-88A and the MESH 4 packs allow implementation
of “any Direction” topology; however, the WR8-88A is not colorless. By adding a second node with the CWR8-
88, colorless access can be added.
This node has three degrees. Each WR8-88A represents a degree or direction. One degree has local channels
using the ITLU, one degree has no add drop channels, and one degree provides colorless channels using the
CWR8-88 that is present in a second node.

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Finally, we have a node application called an in-line amplifier (ILA). In an ILA node, there is a 2-degree node
with at least 2 amplifiers that installed between 2 nodes that are too far apart to meet the maximum span
loss requirements. An ILA can be used in any topology.
It should be noted that for most ILAs, including almost all non-RAMAN ILAs, the PSS-4 is the perfect solution.
It is a much smaller shelf at only 2RU and uses much less power. For RAMAN ILAs, the PSS-16 shelves are
needed.

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We can build a more complex configuration when we connect additional CWR cards to the colorless ports. This
provides us with some additional MESH/THRU ports. If we add this block several times and connect them
through the MESH/THRU connections, the result is a 26-degree optical hub configuration.
So in a very elaborate and complex diagram, this product could allow you to transmit and receive traffic
around a network in 26 different directions at the same time.

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Please close this window and continue with the next module!

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