International Journal of Power Electronics and Drive System (IJPEDS)

Vol. 15, No. 1, March 2024, pp. 192∼200

ISSN: 2088-8694, DOI: 10.11591/ijpeds.v15.i1.pp192-200 ❒ 192

Implementation of fuzzy logic MPPT based on Arduino in

small scale PV pumping system
Laaouad Mohamed1 , Guergazi Aicha2
1 LGEB Laboratory, Department of Electrical Engineering, University of Mohamed Khider Biskra, Biskra, Algeria
2 LI3CUB Laboratory, Department of Electrical Engineering, University of Mohamed Khider Biskra, Biskra, Algeria

Article Info ABSTRACT

Article history: The performance of photovoltaic (PV) affected directly by climatic changes, The
controller maintain maximum potential energy conversation to operate the pimp-
Received Nov 22, 2022
ing system at nominal conditions, fuzzy logic intelligent controllers are success-
Revised Sep 2, 2023 fully suitable and applicable in engineering and applied science. The aim of
Accepted Sep 17, 2023 this paper is present an experimental approach in Implementation of fuzzy logic
maximum power point tracking (MPPT) with boost converter based on Arduino
Keywords: Mega micro-controller to maximize energy production in different weather con-
dition applied to small scale pumping system for water and chemical fluid anal-
Arduino Mega yses in isolated area. The system is supplied by 20 (W) solar photovoltaic (PV)
Boost converter panel. This paper present a real-time MATLAB/Simulink fuzzy logic method
Fuzzy logic controlling and monitoring MPPT application using an low cost Arduino Mega
Photovoltaic panel micro-controller combined with (LV25, LP55) sensors controlling boost con-
Pumping system verter interconnected with solar panel and plastic pump.

This is an open access article under the CC BY-SA license.

Corresponding Author:
Guergazi Aicha
LI3CUB Laboratory, Department of Electrical Engineering, University of Mohamed Khider Biskra
BP 145 RP, 07000 Biskra, Algeria
Email: [email protected]

1. INTRODUCTION
The need for energy is daily increasing in all countries, in the ruler and isolated areas solar energy
developing into most economical future renewable energy (RE) source for electricity production applied world-
wide [1], photovoltaic systems are built from interconnected components to retch the load requirements in most
verity conditions (temperature, solar irradiation, load limits) [2], however to achieve the maximum power pro-
duction boost converter control the output voltage upgrade stability of power based on software controlling for
optimal power point tracking (MPPT) [3].
The successful development of low cost micro-controllers that can be used in varying industrial fields
and human life enhancement, moreover computer since played a role in artificial intelligence programming
to make systems more protective and reliable, in last three decades several MPPT algorithms tested to the
maximum power point of the photovoltaic generator, some MPPT techniques rich better results in specific
conditions but with the sudden variation efficiency decrease [4], fuzzy logic controller has improve height
performance in optimization of output electric power to supply pumps [5], [6], intended for chemical fluid
analysers plastic pumps are made to transport substances that would corrode or harm other kinds of pumps.
They are more affordable and lighter than metal pumps, and they offer a wide range of chemical resistance [7].
This paper explains an experimental result of photovoltaic system to feed fluid pump based on Ar-
duino Mega micro-controller occupied with sensors (LV25, LP55) in real time MATLAB/Simulink fuzzy logic

Journal homepage: http://ijpeds.iaescore.com

Int J Pow Elec & Dri Syst ISSN: 2088-8694 ❒ 193

controller proving the efficiency of energy conversation to the pump. The rest of paper is organized as follows:
i) Proposed control method in section 2; ii) The experimental tests and discussion of the system results are
presented in section 3; and iii) Finally, the concluding remarks stated in section 4.

2. PROPOSED CONTROL METHOD

To produce maximum power from our system, we developed new simple law based on the selection of
fuzzy logic trapezoidal membership, which is able to find the voltage value for the PV panel. First we take the
measurements of PV panel voltage and current to help us designing the fuzzy logic controller in Arduino Mega
drive a boost converter to determine the appropriate voltage to extract maximum power from the PV panel for
each irradiation and temperature conditions [8], [9].
The design of fuzzy logic controller Figure 1 require three steps: the first step; fuzzifcation of in-
put voltage and current with trapezoidal function, the second step: the fuzzy rules as shown in Table 1
which defines the system responses for each condition, then the last step is the defuzzifcation to go back to
reel value in this case the duty cycle output for the boost converter insulated gate bipolar transistor (IGBT)
switch [10], [11].

Figure 1. Fuzzy logic designer

Table 1. Fuzzy rules

I /∆V LOW MIDUME HIGH
LOW H H L
MIDUME H M L
HIGH H L L

2.1. Boost converter

The variation of sunlight during the day makes output voltage of solar panel not stable, the increase
and decrease of system Figure 2 power cant mange to power the loud as desired [12], to avoid this problem
a boost converter electronic circuit Figure 3 is needed to control output voltage [13], [14]. The electronic
elements of boost converter are: capacitor, inductor, IGBT, diode, the selected components characteristic
are demonstrated in Table 2 [15]. The relation between input and output voltages of the boost converter is
given as (1),
1
Vout = Vin (1)
1−D
with D is the duty cycle which given as (2),
Ton
D= (2)
TS
with Ton is the on-state time of the IGBT and TS is the total switching time [16].

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Figure 2. Photovoltaic system

Figure 3. Boost converter electronic circuit

Table 2. Boost converter setup

Boost converter setup
C1 220 µf
C2 220 µf
L 0.1 H
f 1 KHz
Controller type: Arduino Mega
IGBT type: BUP314
Diode type: BYV32-200

2.2. Arduino Mega

The measurement principle adopted in this test bench is to take the current Ipv supplied by PVG
and voltage Vpv between its terminals. These quantities Ipv and Vpv are delivered by the current and voltage
sensors connected to the inputs of the analogue to digital converter integrated into the Arduino board type Mega
2560 [17]. A processing unit, built around the micro-controller of the Arduino Mega board; is programmed
to ensure the automation of the pumping station [18]. This unit captures the information delivered by the
various sensors and controls the actuators accordingly to a computer via a RS232/USB serial converter cable
facilitate the communication and programming with Arduino software or MATLAB, the main characteristic
are illustrated in Table 3 [19], [20].

Table 3. Arduino Mega data

Microcontroller ATmega2560
Operating Voltage 5V
Input Voltage (recommended) 7-12 V
Input Voltage (limits) 6-20 V
Digital I/O Pins 54 (14 provide PWM output)
Analog Input Pins 16
DC current per I/O Pin 40 mA
DC current for 3.3 Pin 50 mA
Flash Memory 256 KB
SRAM 8 KB
EEPROM 4 KB
Clock Speed 16 MHz

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2.2.1. Current sensor LA55

Current transducer LA55-P is electronic component for measuring several types of currents (DC, AC,
pulsed,...) with galvanic separation between the primary circuit up to 50 A and the secondary circuit [21], the
relationship between primary circuit current and the secondary circuit current is (3), with Is : secondary circuit
current, N : spears number, Ip : primary nominal current, Rm : measuring resistance, Vm : measuring voltage
[22].
Is = N ∗ Ip /1000Vm = Is ∗ Rm (3)

2.2.2. Voltage sensor LV25

Electronic voltage transducer LV25-P measurement of currents (DC, AC, pulsed,...) with galvanic
separation between the primary circuit and the secondary circuit [23], the relationship between primary circuit
voltage with maximum value of 500 V and the secondary circuit voltage is (4), with Vp : primary circuit voltage,
R1 : primary circuit resistance, Vm : measuring voltage, Is : secondary circuit current, Rm : measuring resistance
[24].
Vp = Ip ∗ R1 Vm = Is ∗ Rm (4)

3. EXPERIMENTAL RESULT AND DISCUSSION

The simulation studies are carried out using MATLAB (R2017a version). Seeking to validate the
theoretical concepts and simulation studies experimental prototype of the system is developed in laboratory
which is shown in Figure 4. In this section, we present the tests results of our pumping system. (PV panel,
sensors, fuzzy logic MPPT controller, Arduino Mega, DC-DC converter, pump unit).

Figure 4. Experimental test bench

3.1. PV System test site climatic data

Figures 5(a) and 5(b) show ambient temperature and irradiation of testing field clear sky in 7th March
2021 to view the variation form and the amount of ambient power available during the testes, these figures
shows maximum solar radiation of 1.1 kW/m2 with 21.2 ◦ C, so PV generation power quality accessible is
very approximate to the PV standard conditions. It is clear from graphs that solar radiation intensity increases
from 6 AM to 15 PM and decreases from 15 PM to 19 PM in case of clear sky. The temperature values variation
depend on climatic conditions of the test area more than the weather, in this test day the temperature between
13 ◦ C at 6 AM and 21.2 ◦ C at 13:30 PM.

Implementation of fuzzy logic MPPT based on Arduino in small scale ... (Laaouad Mohamed)
196 ❒ ISSN: 2088-8694

(b)
(a)

Figure 5. Ambient climatic conditions (a) radiation and (b) temperature

3.2. Practical voltage and current sensors output

First for a given insolation, to trited the sensors and upgrade the accuracy of measurement, we regulate
the Arduino sensors (voltage, current) output monitor by MATLAB/Simulink 2017a software on Dell computer
with Intel core i3, 2.4 GHz processor, 4 GB of RAM memory and windows 7 operating system. The results
have the same values measured by amperemeter and voltmeter Figure 6, this figure reveal the steady state
performance LV25 and LA55 with high precision. Moreover the outputs of the sensors are given to the analogue
inputs converted to digital signal by Arduino Mega board Processor. The Arduino Mega selected pins for
sensors are POWER GND pin with ANALOG IN A0 pin For LA 55 current sensor and POWER GND pin with
ANALOG IN A2 pin for LV 25 voltage sensor. The dynamic performance and precision of the sensors give the
overall system more feasible efficiency in extracting the maximum power.

Figure 6. Arduino sensors voltage and current output

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3.3. Arduino Mega PWM signal

We tested the destined MATLAB/Simulink simulation by the implementation in Arduino Mega PWM
signal output, the feedback results shown in Figure 7 match the form and variation values of duty cycle rate
with simulated control system, good accuracy. Experimentally obtained rectangular waveform depicted. The
obtained practical responses completely verified with high accuracy.

Figure 7. PWM output signal of Arduino Mega

3.4. Arduino Mega PWM signal amplification

The IGBT gate of boost converter need 15 volt to function for that we managed to amplify Arduino
Mega 5 volt PWM signal via electronic driver the result illustrated in Figure 8, as well as it can be seen clearly,
the very quickly and efficiently signal pursuit. Therefore the generate PWM signal have required characteristics
which provides optimal control of boost converter.

Figure 8. Amplified Arduino Mega PWM signal

3.5. Experimental power point tracking

The experiment’s results presented below Figures 9 and Figure 10 shows the generated power and
the maximum power point tracking. Compared to the theoretical reserves, it is one can see a perfect match
reflecting the effectiveness of the proposed control algorithm (strategy). After analysing these figures, we
notice that the system pursuit the MPP with stable response and accurate variation form in energy conversation
reference to ambient insolation power available, as result system reaches 92% of maximum power from the
hardware components tested in ideal conditions.

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Figure 9. PV panel power and chopper output power

Figure 10. Excremental MPP function of voltage

3.6. Pump unit performance

To evaluate the effectiveness of the pump Figure 11 depicts pump discharge function of pump power.
As the energy in pump increases, the pump discharge will also increase [25]. Moreover voltage stability and
required current supply maintain the nominal pumping unit power delivered. Therefore the high performance
of pumping unit during transient and dynamic conditions improve the optimal power conversation and reliable
system operation.

Figure 11. Discharge function pump power

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4. CONCLUSION
This paper presents experimental study of using Arduino Mega micro-controller equipped by voltage
and current sensor in real time MATLAB/Simulink, fuzzy logic control method for pumping. The main problem
in PV systems, high cost and low efficiency due the influence of climatic conditions on the PV output, finally
after testing the proposed system with variant temperature and irradiance profiles. We found that fuzzy logic
controller prove low cost solution in Arduino Mega controller for pumping systems and high efficiency of
the last to minimise the oscillations and successfully monitor the maximum power point while the outside
environment conditions varies.

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BIOGRAPHIES OF AUTHORS

Laaouad Mohamed is Ph.D student in University of Mohamed Khider, Biskra, Algeria,

He received the state Master’s degree in Electrical Network from the Mohamed Khider University,
Biskra, Algeria, in 2017. He is a member of the laboratory Genie Electrique Biskra (LGEB) since
2017. His research interests cover, renewable energy, power electronics, pumping systems, electric
drives control, DC motors, AC motors, microcontrollers, artificial intelligence and their applications.
He can be contacted at email: [email protected].

Guergazi Aicha was born in Biskra (Algeria) on June, 03th , 1967. She received the
engineering degree in electrical engineering and the Magister degree in electrical engineering, from
Biskra University, Algeria, in 1992 and 1998, respectively. She received the Ph.D. degree from
Biskra University, Algeria in 2011. From 2001, she worked Professor at Electrical Engineering
Department from the University of Biskra (Algeria), where she gave lectures on electrical engineering
subjects. She also taught Magister candidates on asservi system and machines command . Till now,
she works as a conference maiter at the Electrical Engineering Department, Biskra University, and
she is also, the member at LI3CUB laboratory, where he supervises doctorate projects of different
renewable energy topics and automatic. His researches are in fields of electronics, digital systems,
ultrasound sensor, signal processing, and biomedical instrumentation. Recently, system’s application
on ultrasound exposimetry has been tackled.He is affiliated with IEEE as student member. In IJECE,
IAES journals, and other scientific publications, he has served as invited reviewer. Besides, she is also
involved in NGOs, student associations, and managing non-profit foundation. She can be contacted
at email: [email protected].

Int J Pow Elec & Dri Syst, Vol. 15, No. 1, March 2024: 192–200