Fee 2025

Professional Engineers Registration Examination
FUNDAMENTALS
of
Engineering
Examination
2025
professional engineers board Singapore

52 Jurong Gateway Road #07-03 Singapore 608550
Page 1

Fundamentals of Engineering Examination 2025
Information for Applicants
Content Page
1 Introduction........................................................................................... 2
2 Eligibility To Sit For Examination ............................................................. 2
3 Fees ...................................................................................................... 2
4 Dates Of Examination ............................................................................. 3
5 Venue ................................................................................................... 3
6 Application ............................................................................................ 3
7 Structure Of Examination........................................................................ 3
8 Final Results and Notification…………..…………………………………………….….. 4
9 Examination Appeals .............................................................................. 4
10 Review Courses ..................................................................................... 4
11 Refund Of Fees ...................................................................................... 4
12 Request for Accommodation…………………………………………………………………4
Annex A: FORMAT AND SYLLABUS, READING LISTS AND

QUESTIONS FROM PAST YEAR PAPERS
I Fundamentals Of Engineering Examination (Civil)……………………………..5

Recommended Reading List (Civil)
Questions From Past Year Papers (Civil)
II Fundamentals Of Engineering Examination (Electrical)…………………….24

Recommended Reading List (Electrical)
Questions From Past Year Papers (Electrical)
III Fundamentals Of Engineering Examination (Mechanical)………………….39

Recommended Reading List (Mechanical)
Questions From Past Year Papers (Mechanical)
IV Fundamentals of Engineering Examination (Chemical) …………………….51

Recommended Reading List (Chemical)
Sample Questions (Chemical)
Professional Engineers Registration Examination FEE 2025

Page 2

Fundamentals of Engineering Examination 2025
Information for Applicants
1 INTRODUCTION
The mission of the Professional Engineers Board is to safeguard life, property, and
welfare of the public by setting and maintaining high standards for registering
professional engineers and by regulating and advancing the practice of professional
engineering.
The Professional Engineers Board registers professional engineers in the branches of

civil, electrical, mechanical and chemical engineering. A person applying for
registration as a professional engineer to the Professional Engineers Board is required
to hold an approved degree or qualification listed in the Professional Engineers
(Approved Qualifications) Notification 2009 and acquired not less than 4 years of
relevant practical experience. He is also required to sit and pass examinations
prescribed by the Board. The applicant is required to sit and pass the Fundamentals
of Engineering Examination and following that, to sit and pass the Practice of
Professional Engineering Examination. In addition, the applicant is required to attend
an interview.
The following sections set out the requirements and details for the Fundamentals of
Engineering Examination 2025 while details on other application requirements are
available on the PEB website at www.peb.gov.sg.
2 ELIGIBILITY TO SIT FOR EXAMINATION
The Fundamentals of Engineering Examination tests an applicant’s knowledge of

fundamental engineering subjects in civil, electrical, mechanical or chemical
engineering. A person may apply to sit for the Fundamentals of Engineering
Examination if he is undertaking a full time undergraduate engineering degree
programme of not less than 4 years, or an equivalent programme approved by the
Board, and is in his final year of study or after he has obtained an approved degree
or qualification listed in the Professional Engineers (Approved Qualifications)
Notification 2009 or has proper and recognised academic qualifications in engineering
accepted by the Board.
3 FEES
The fees for an application to sit for the Fundamentals of Engineering Examination is
$350.

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4 DATES OF EXAMINATION
The dates for the Fundamentals of Engineering Examination 2025 are:
a) Civil Engineering - To be confirmed.

b) Electrical Engineering - To be confirmed
c) Mechanical Engineering – To be confirmed
d) Chemical Engineering – To be confirmed
5 VENUE
Details of the venue would be given to successful applicants at a later date.
6 APPLICATION
Application and payment shall be made online at PEB website

(https://www.peb.gov.sg) no later than 30 Sep 2024. For submission of required
documents specified in the checklist, please send email to [email protected] for
an appointment within 1 week from application made online. Please note that
submission is strictly by appointments only and that late submissions would not be
accepted. Applicants are advised to send in their applications early to allow time for
processing. They would be informed of the status of their applications and other details
by post at least two weeks before the examinations.
7 STRUCTURE OF EXAMINATION
A summary of the structure of the Fundamentals of Engineering Examination is shown

in the table below. The examination is ‘open book’ and further details are given in
Annex A: Format and Syllabus, Reading Lists and Sample Questions /
Questions From Past Year Papers.
Subjects Time Allocated Format
FEE Part 1
• 40 Multiple Choice
Core engineering subjects in *3 hours & 10 mins
Questions (MCQ)
civil/mechanical/electrical/chemical (9.00am – 12.10pm)
engineering
FEE Part 2 • Answer 5 out of 9

Core/Elective subjects in questions (civil)
*3 hours & 10 minutes
civil/electrical/mechanical/chemical • Answer 5 out of 7
(2.00pm – 5.10pm)
engineering questions (electrical,
mechanical, chemical)
* includes 10 minutes for reading the exam questions, etc.

Page 4
For FEE (Civil) 2025, only answers based on Eurocodes and the relevant Singapore
Annexes will be accepted. For transportation-related questions, AASHTO code is
acceptable. Answers based on other codes and standards will not be accepted.
8 FINAL RESULTS AND NOTIFICATION
Examination results will be given to candidates on a Pass/Fail basis. No examination

scores or marks will be given to candidates. Examination results will be mailed to the
candidates around mid-April after the examination.
9 EXAMINATION APPEALS
A candidate who has failed the examination may submit a written appeal to review his
performance. The appeal is to be received by PEB within 2 weeks after date of results
and late appeals would not be considered. The result of the appeal/review will be sent
by written mail to the appeal candidate. The appeal candidate would not be able to
review his examination paper.
10 REVIEW COURSES
The Board does not endorse any review courses or materials provided as study aides.
11 REFUND OF FEES
Where an applicant who has been accepted is unable to sit for the examination
subsequently, the Board may, at its discretion, refund $100 to the applicant if the
applicant submits a medical certificate by mail within 2 weeks after the examination.
There will be no refund if the applicant sends a scanned copy of medical certificate
via email.
12 REQUEST FOR ACCOMODATION
A candidate who has disabilities may submit a written request for accommodation.
The request is to be received by PEB not later than 6 weeks before the date of
examination and late request would not be considered. PEB’s decision will be
conveyed to the applicant by written mail not later than one week before the
examination date.

Page 5
Annex A: FORMAT AND SYLLABUS, READING LISTS AND

QUESTIONS FROM PAST YEAR PAPERS
I Fundamentals Of Engineering Examination (Civil)
The examination will focus on testing the fundamentals of civil engineering.

The 6-hour examination will comprise two parts. Part 1 catering for breadth,
will comprise questions on core civil engineering subjects, typical of courses
covered during the 1st and 2nd year of a 4-year civil engineering undergraduate
course. Part 2 catering for depth, will comprise more core and elective civil
engineering courses covered during the 3rd and 4th year of a 4-year civil
engineering undergraduate course.
For FEE (Civil) 2025, only answers based on Eurocodes and the relevant
Singapore Annexes will be accepted. For transportation-related questions,
AASHTO code is acceptable. Answers based on other codes and standards will
not be accepted.
Format
• FEE Part 1 (Civil) (3 hours & 10 mins) – 40 MCQ questions
▪ CE 101 Mechanics of Materials

▪ CE 102 Structural Mechanics
▪ CE 103 Structural Analysis
▪ CE 104 Soil Mechanics
▪ CE 105 Fluid Mechanics
• FEE Part 2 (Civil) (3 hours & 10 mins) – 5 out of 9 questions
▪ CE 201 Reinforced and Prestressed Concrete Structures (2 Qs)

▪ CE 202 Steel Structures (2 Qs)
▪ CE 203 Geotechnical Engineering (2 Qs)
▪ CE 204 Transportation (1 Q)
▪ CE 205 Hydraulics and Hydrology (1 Q)
▪ CE 206 Environmental Engineering (1 Q)
Syllabus
• CE 101 Mechanics of Materials
▪ Mechanics of Materials
Strength, stiffness and deformability; Stress-strain relations;
ductility and brittle fracture; time-dependent properties; creep,
creep rupture; relaxation; cyclic load behaviour.

Page 6
▪ Concrete Technology
Concrete-making materials, properties of fresh and hardened
concrete, mixing, placing, and curing, mix design, destructive and
non-destructive tests, quality control, durability, and special
concrete.
▪ Steel
Basic metallurgy, mechanical properties and applications, welding
technology and corrosion.
• CE 102 Structural Mechanics
▪ Structural Mechanics
Statics and kinetics of particles, equilibrium of rigid bodies,
kinematics and plane motion of rigid bodies, analysis of simple
trusses and beams, analysis of structural members subjected to
tension, compression, torsion, and bending, including such
fundamental concepts as stress, strain, and elastic behaviour. Bar
forces in compound and complex trusses. Bending moment,
shear and axial forces of beams and frames.
• CE 103 Structural Analysis
▪ Structural Analysis
Displacements of elastic determinate structures: principle of
virtual work and energy theorems. Analysis of indeterminate
structures. Deformation of indeterminate structures and
influence line method. Displacement techniques using slope-
deflection and moment distribution methods. Plastic theory and
analysis. Theory and applications of modern structural analysis.
Concepts of equilibrium, compatibility and force-displacement
relationships. Direct stiffness method. Matrix formulation of
trusses, beams and frames. Stability concepts and elastic
stability analysis of framed structures.
• CE 104 Soil Mechanics
▪ Basic geology, unified soil classification system, mechanical

properties, effective stress principle, shear strength,
compressibility, and seepage and consolidation; Mohr-Coulomb
failure criterion (drained and undrained), settlement calculations,
rate of consolidation using classical Terzaghi theory.
• CE 105 Fluid Mechanics
▪ Fluid Statics
Fluid properties; hydrostatic pressure and thrust; buoyancy;
stability of floating bodies.

Page 7
▪ Fluid Motion
Continuity equations; Bernoulli’s equation; linear momentum
equation.
▪ Similitude
Dimensional analysis; design of hydraulic models.
• CE 201 Reinforced and Prestressed Concrete Structures
▪ RC Design
Basic structural members and structural systems. Loads and
load effects. Section analysis and design for bending. Design
for shear, torsion and bond. Corbels. Serviceability and
durability requirements. Design of short and slender columns.
Design of slab systems. Concentrated loads on slabs. Design
of foundations. Retaining walls. Reinforced concrete detailing.
▪ Prestressed Concrete Design

Basic concepts of prestressing. Materials and prestressing
systems. Prestressed losses and time dependent deformation.
Behaviour and design of members subject to flexure, shear and
combined axial and bending action.
• CE 202 Steel Structures
▪ Steel Design
Limit state design. Material properties and structural responses.
Local buckling and section classifications. Design of fully
restrained beams. Shear buckling and design of plate girder.
Web bearing and buckling. Design of web stiffeners. Lateral-
torsional buckling and design of laterally unrestrained beams.
Tension and compression members. Axially loaded members
with end moments. Design of steel connections. Plastic design
of portal frames. Continuous multi-storey frames.
• CE 203 Geotechnical Engineering
▪ Slope Stability and Earth Retaining Structures

Introduction to slope stability and earth retaining structures;
slopes and embankments; earth pressure and retaining
structures; deep excavations; calculation of active and passive
earth pressures; design considerations pertaining to deep
excavations.
▪ Foundation Engineering
Site investigation and interpretation of soil reports; shallow
foundations and deep foundations; selection of appropriate
foundation type; capacity and settlement requirements.

Page 8
• CE 204 Transportation
▪ Transportation Engineering
Transportation systems, planning and management; geometric
design of roads and intersections; design of flexible and rigid
pavements.
▪ Traffic Engineering
Traffic flow studies; traffic data analysis; traffic management;
highway and intersection capacity; traffic signal control. Parking.
• CE 205 Hydraulics and Hydrology
▪ Hydraulics
Friction and minor losses in pipe flow; pipe and pump systems;
pipe network analysis; open channel flow; uniform flow,
Manning’s equation; critical flow; energy and momentum
principles; hydraulic jumps; gradually varied flows, backwater
computation.
▪ Hydrology
Processes in the hydrologic cycle: basic meteorology, rainfall
precipitation, evaporation and transpiration, infiltration, sub-
surface flow, surface runoff, streamflow measurement and
hydrograph analysis; unit hydrograph principles and applications;
frequency analysis of rainfall or flood data; reservoir and channel
flood routing; urban storm drainage design, flood peak
estimation.
• CE 206 Environmental Engineering
▪ Environmental Engineering
Basic physical, chemical and biological water quality parameters;
physical, chemical, and biological processes for water and
wastewater treatment; water treatment principles and design;
water distribution systems; wastewater collection and pumping
systems; wastewater treatment design; pretreatment, primary,
secondary, tertiary treatment, and anaerobic digestion.

Page 9
Recommended Reading List for Civil Engineering
FEE Part 1 (Civil)

CE101 Mechanics of Materials
1) Hibbeler, R. C., “Mechanics of Materials” 9th Edition SI units, 2014.
CE120 Structural Mechanics

1) West, H. H. and Geshwinder, L. F. “Fundamentals of Structural Analysis” 2nd Edition, John
Wiley and Sons, Inc, 2002.
CE103 Structural Analysis

1) West, H. H. and Geshwinder, L. F. “Fundamentals of Structural Analysis” 2nd Edition, John
Wiley and Sons, Inc, 2002.
CE104 Soil Mechanics

1) Knappett, J.A. and Craig, R.F., “Craig’s Soil Mechanics” 9th edition, CRC Press. 2019.
CE105 Fluid Mechanics

1) Finnemore, E.J., and Franzini. J.B. “Fluid Mechanics with Engineering Applications.” 10th ed.
Boston: McGraw Hill. 2002.
2) Young, D.F., Munson, B., Okiishi T.H. “A Brief Introduction to Fluid Mechanics”, John Wiley
and Sons, 3rd edition, 2004.
FEE Part 2 (Civil)

CE201 Reinforced and Prestressed Concrete Structures
1) E. O'Brien, A. Dixon and E. Sheils, “Reinforced and Prestressed Concrete Design to EC2: The
Complete Process” 2nd Edition, Spon Press, 2013.
2) P. Bhatt, T.J. MacGinley and B.S. Choo, “Reinforced Concrete Design to Eurocodes – Design
Theory & Examples” 4th Edition, CRC Press Taylor& Francis Group, 2014.
CE202 Steel Structures

1) Gardner L and Nethercot D, Designers’ guide to Eurocode 3: Design of Steel Buildings, EN
1993-1-1, -1-3 and -1-8, 2nd Edition, Thomas Telford, 2011.
2) Steel building design: Concise Eurocodes, Steel Construction Institute (SCI) Publication
P362, 2009.
3) Steel Building Design: Worked Examples – Open Sections, Steel Construction Institute
(SCI) Publication P364, 2009.
4) Martin, L. and Purkiss, J., “Structural Design of Steelwork to EN 1993 and EN 1994”, 3rd
edition, Butterworth-Heinemann, UK, 2008.
CE203 Geotechnical Engineering

1) J. A. Knappett, and R. F. Craig, “Craig’s Soil Mechanics” 9th Edition, CRC Press. 2019.
2) D. P. Coduto, M. R. Yeung, and W. A. Kitch, “Geotechnical Engineering: Principles and
Practices”, 2nd edition, Pearson, 2011.
3) Michael Tomlinson and John Woodward, “Pile Design and Construction Practice”, 6th
Edition, CRC Press, 2014.
CE204 Transportation
1) Mannering F. L. and Washburn, S. S. “Principles of Highway Engineering and Traffic Analysis”
7th Edition, Wiley, 2020.
2) Garber N. and Hoel, L. “Traffic and Highway Engineering” 4th Edition, Cengage Learning,
2010.
3) Papagiannakis, A.T. and Masad, E.A. “Pavement Design and Materials”, Wiley. 2012.
CE205 Hydraulics and Hydrology

1) Linsley, R. K. Kohler, M. A. and Paulhus, J. L. H. “Hydrology for Engineers”, SI Edition,
McGraw Hill Book Co. 1998.

Page 10
2) Chow, V. T. Maidment, D.R., Mays, L. W., “Applied Hydrology”, McGraw Hill Book Co, 1988.
3) Chadwick, A., Morfett, J., and Borthwick, M., “Hydraulics in Civil and Environmental
Engineering”, 4th Edition, Spon Press, 2004.
CE206 Environmental Engineering

1) Viessman, W. and Hammer, M.J. “Water Supply and Pollution Control”, 7th Edition, Pearson
Prentice Hall, 2004.

Page 11
Questions From Past Year Papers for Fundamentals Of Engineering

Examination Part 1 (Civil)
Questions from past year papers for Fundamentals Of Engineering

Examination Part 1 (Civil) based on BS and EC Codes.
For FEE (Civil) 2025, only answers based on Eurocodes and the relevant Singapore
Annexes will be accepted. Answers based on other codes and standards will not be
accepted.
(Actual paper comprises 40 Multiple Choice Questions (MCQ) of 2.5 marks each.
Answer all questions.)
1. A steel bar comprises three sections of three cross sections as shown in Fig. Q1.
The diameters of parts AB, BC and CD are 25 mm, 15 mm and 35 mm
respectively. The bar is subjected to an axial tensile force of 5 kN. If Young’s
modulus of steel is 200 kN/mm2, and the elongations of the three sections of
the bars are Δ1, Δ2 and Δ3 respectively, calculate the ratio of the largest to the
smallest of these three elongations.
(a) 1.96
(b) 2.33
(c) 5.44
(d) 2.77
Fig.Q1
2. Three plane trusses are shown in Fig.Q2. The statical determinacy of the
trusses, (1), (2) and (3) are respectively:
(a) determinate, indeterminate, unstable

(b) determinate, determinate, unstable
(c) determinate, indeterminate, determinate
(d) indeterminate, indeterminate, determinate

Page 12
Fig.Q2
3. The static indeterminacy of the beams, (1), (2), (3) and (4) shown in Fig.Q3 are
respectively:
(a) 1, 4, 5, 1
(b) 2, 4, 5, 2
(c) 1, 4, 5, 2
(d) 1, 5, 4, 1
Fig.Q3

Page 13
4. A reinforced concrete column shown in Fig.Q4 supports a load of 10 kN. The

load is shared between the steel reinforcement and the concrete. The cross-
sectional areas and Young’s moduli are:
Ac = 1 x 104 mm2 and Ec = 20 kN/mm2
As = 200 mm2 and Es = 210 kN/mm2
What is the force carried by the steel reinforcement?
(a) 1.96 kN
(b) 2.74 kN
(c) 2.96 kN
(d) 1.74 kN
Fig.Q4
5. If seawater is used in place of potable water to cast OPC concrete, the effect is
to
1. increase its strength;

2. reduce its strength;
3. retard setting;
4. decrease its durability.
Of the above,
(a) 1 and 3 are correct
(b) 2 and 3 are correct
(c) 2 and 4 are correct
(d) 1 and 4 are correct

Page 14
6. Find the position at which the maximum upward deflection for this beam with
an overhang as shown in Fig.Q6 occurs.
(a) L/4 from A

(b) L/√3 from A
(c) L/2 from A
(d) 2L/√3 from A
Fig.Q6
7. A river is 3m deep and the riverbed consists of a thick deposit of clay with a
saturated unit weight of 20kN/m3. What is the effective stress of the clay layer
at a depth of 3m below the riverbed level?
(a) 30 kN/m2
(b) 60 kN/m2
(c) 90 kN/m2
(d) 120 kN/m2
8. During the site investigation for a deep foundation design, you discover in the
borehole a layer of soft clay 5m deep where you had expected a hard stratum
at the estimated depth of pile toe. Which of the following action would you take?
(a) Bore an extra 5m deeper than the original plan

(b) Stop boring and move to the next borehole location
(c) Continue boring until stronger soil is found
(d) Abandon the site

Page 15
9. In the figure below, what is the gauge pressure of air inside the closed
container?
(a) 19,620 N/m2

(b) 13,873 N/m2
(c) 16,991 N/m2
(d) Cannot be determined
10. A 1:20 scale river model is designed based on Froude number similarity. What
is the prototype flow velocity which corresponds to a model measured velocity
V
of 0.5 m/s? Given Froude number Fr =
gL
(a) 10 m/s
(b) 158.1 m/s
(c) 2.24 m/s
(d) None of the above

Page 16

Examination Part 2 (Civil)
Questions from past year papers for Fundamentals of Engineering Examination

Part 2 (Civil) based on BS and EC codes.
(Note: For FEE (Civil) 2025, only answers based on Eurocodes and the relevant
Singapore Annexes will be accepted. Answers based on other codes and standards
will not be accepted.)
(Actual paper comprises 9 questions. Answer 5 questions)
Q1.
Figure Q1 shows the cross section of a T-shape column, subjected to axial load and
bending moment about y-y axis.
With the following design data, calculate the maximum pure axial capacity,
maximum bending moment capacity and construct N-M interaction diagram for the
cross section.
Design data and assumptions:

Concrete strength: fck = 45 N/mm2
Yield strength of reinforcement bar: fyk = 500 N/mm2
Density of reinforced concrete = 25 kN/m3
Concrete cover to centre of rebar = 40 mm
Concrete ultimate strain, cu = 0.0035
Young modulus for streel reinforcement = 200,000 N/mm2
For tension failure case that is required for the construction of N-M interaction
diagram, you can assume that the neutral axis is 100 mm from extreme compression
face.
Calculations shall be performed in accordance to relevant Eurocodes.

(20 marks)
M
4H20
200 Y
Y
4H20
200
2 H25
200 200 200
(Note: drawings are not drawn to scale, all dimensions in mm U.N.O.)

Figure Q1
Page 17
Q2.
To facilitate excavation for a new underground MRT station, a steel strutting and
waling system together with concrete diaphragm wall are to be used for its
construction. The transverse design strut force to be transmitted to the concrete
wall is 3500 kN as shown in Figure Q2.
(a) Calculate the bearing and buckling resistances of the unstiffened web of the
waler which is subjected to the transverse strut force. The sizes of the strut
and waler as well as the strut-waler connection details are indicated clearly in
the figure.
(10 marks)
(b) Determine whether the unstiffened web of the waler is adequate to transfer
the design strut force or not. Propose an effective strengthening scheme if it is
inadequate. Detailed design of the strengthening scheme is not required.
(10 marks)
You may assume that the strut is not at the end or near the end of the waler. State
clearly your other design assumptions, if any.
Figure Q2
Q3.
(a) A rectangular short column of size 350 mm by 500 mm is required to resist an
axial load of 3600 kN. What is the area of steel required? Provide a sketch
showing the reinforcement details, including the links to be provided.
(8 marks)

Page 18
(b) Re-design the rectangular column in Part (a), of size 350 mm and 500 mm to
resist an additional bending moment of 300 kNm. Provide a sketch showing
the revised reinforcement details, including the links to be provided.
(12 marks)
Assume a clear cover of 30 mm to the links. Use fck = 32 N/mm2 and fyk = 500
N/mm2. State clearly why the respective reinforcing bar sizes are chosen.
Design aids in the form of design charts or tables may be provided.
Q4.
(a) A 0.8 m diameter bored pile (weight density = 25 kN/m3) is to be formed in a
clay site with the representative undrained shear strength (cu) profile as shown
in Figure Q4. The groundwater table is at the ground surface. Determine the
ultimate axial load capacity of the pile under undrained condition if the
embedment length of the pile is 20 m.
(14 marks)
(b) If a 1 m thick sand fill is placed on the site, what additional load will the pile
experience? Describe the effect of this load on the load carrying capacity of the
pile and estimate the maximum possible magnitude of this load in the clay.
(6 marks)
5m cu = 30 kPa for z ≤ 5 m
z
Clay
20 m  = 18 kN/m3
cu = [40 + 3(z-5)] kPa for z ≥ 5 m
Bored pile
0.8 m diameter Undrained shear strength profile
 = 24 kN/m3
Figure Q4

Page 19
Q5.
(a) A pair of vertical curves are to connect a series of tangent grades for which
the slopes are shown in Figure Q5. The middle section is 150 metres long.
−3%
+2% +4%
150 m
Figure Q5
The following information is provided for design calculation.

Driver reaction time: 2.5 seconds
Driver eye height: 1.050 metres
Tyre-pavement friction coefficient: 0.30
Object height for stopping: 0.150 metres
Road design speed: 70 km/h
(i) The required minimum stopping sight distance for motorists is found to
be 120.0 metres on the crest curve, and 122.7 metres on the sag curve.
Show how the value for the minimum stopping sight distance is obtained
for either the crest curve or the sag curve.
(ii) Calculate the minimum length of the crest curve, and the sag curve, that
satisfies the respective minimum stopping sight distance. Hence, show
that the middle section is too short for the pair of vertical curves to be
fully developed.
(10 marks)
(b) A 3-layer flexible pavement is to be constructed using materials with

properties given in the following table.
Drainage Layer SN value above

Material coefficient coefficient layer (from
(m’s) (a’s) AASHTO charts)
Asphalt concrete impermeable 0.45 not applicable
Granite aggregate 1.20 0.20 2.3
Sandy gravel 1.10 0.12 3.3
Roadbed soil 0.60 0.05 4.3
(i) Compute the thickness of each layer in the flexible pavement.
(ii) List several advantages of a flexible pavement design over that of a

rigid pavement.
(10 marks)

Page 20
LIST OF FORMULAE
Reaction Distance, dr:
dr = vtr
Braking Distance, db:
v2
db =
2g(f  G )
Minimum Length (Crest Curve), Lmin:
 AS 2
When S  L

(
 200 h1 + h2
2
)
Lmin =

(
2 S − 200 h1 + h2 ) 2
When S  L
 A
Minimum Length (Sag Curve), Lmin:
 AS 2 AS 2
= WhenS  L
 
 200 0.6 + S (tan 1 ) 120 + 3.5S

Lmin =

 2S −

200 0.6 + S (tan 1 )
= 2S −

120 + 3.5S
WhenS  L
 A A
AASHTO Structural Number (SN) Equation:
SN = a1D1 +a2D2m2 +a3D3m3 +...

Page 21
Q6.
A sluice gate is installed in a rectangular open channel with a width B = 2 m. The
flow depth measured at a location (Section 1) immediately downstream of the sluice
gate is 0.5 m, and its mean flow velocity is 4 m/s.
(a) What is the flow rate, Q (m3/s) in the channel under this flow condition?
(2 marks)
(b) What is the specific energy, E1 at Section 1 under this flow condition?
(3 marks)
(c) What is critical specific energy, Ec under this flow condition?

(3 marks)
(d) What is the flow regime (i.e., sub-critical, critical, or super-critical flow) at
Section 1?
(2 marks)
(e) A hydraulic jump occurs downstream of the sluice gate. The initial depth of the
jump occurs at Section 1. What is the sequent depth, y2 of the jump?
(5 marks)
(f) If the Manning’s coefficient n of the channel = 0.02, estimate the channel bed
slope, So. State your assumption(s).
(5 marks)
Useful equations:
𝑉2
(a) Specific energy, 𝐸 = 𝑦 + 2𝑔 , where V = velocity, y = flow depth.
(b) Critical specific energy, Ec = 1.5 yc for a rectangular channel.
3 𝑞2
(c) Critical flow depth, 𝑦𝑐 = √
for a rectangular channel, where q [m2/s] =
𝑔
discharge per unit width = Q/B, Q = flow rate, B = channel width, g =
gravitational acceleration.
(d) Simple hydraulic jump equation for a rectangular channel is 𝑦2 =

𝑦1 𝑉1
2
(√1 + 8 𝐹𝑟12 − 1) where 𝐹𝑟1 = = Froude number at the initial
√𝑔𝑦1
depth location, y1 = initial depth, y2 = sequent depth, V1 = velocity at the initial
depth location.
1 2/3 1/2
(e) Manning’s equation,𝑄 = 𝐴𝑅ℎ 𝑆𝑜 , where n = Manning’s coefficient, So
𝑛
= channel bed slope, Rh = hydraulics radius (= A/P), A = flow area, P = wetted
perimeter.
Page 22
Q7.
(a) A primary clarifier with a surface area overflow rate of 55 m 3/m2.day receives
a wastewater from an equivalent population of 45,000 having a capita flow
rate of 550 L/d and a per capita suspended solids (SS) of 32 g/d.
(i) Determine the clarifier diameter and depth based on a 2-hour hydraulic
retention time.
(4 marks)
(ii) Determine the volume of primary sludge produced daily if 75% of the SS
are removed by the clarification process. Assume that the sludge contains
1.5% SS, the sludge specific gravity is 1.005, and a water density of 1,000
kg/m3.
(4 marks)
(b) An activated sludge process is used to treat a combined wastewater from two
separate sources of seafood processing and raw sugar refining, respectively.
The seafood processing produces a wastewater stream of 200 m3/d with 550
BOD5/L, and the sugar refinery produces another wastewater stream of 320
m3/d with 650 BOD5/L. The activated sludge reactor is operating at an organic
loading rate 0f 4 kg BOD5/m3.d.
(i) Calculate the volume of the reactor and the hydraulic retention time
based on the combined wastewater flow and BOD5 concentration.
(6 marks)
(ii) For a Food/Microorganism ratio of 0.6 kg BOD5/kg MLVSS.d, what MLVSS

concentration should be maintained in the aeration tank?
(3 marks)
(iii) Estimate the mean cell residence time, assuming an effluent volatile solids
concentration of 20 mg/L and the daily amount of waste sludge is 95 m3
that contains 1% of volatile solids.
(3 marks)

Page 23
Given:
Hydraulic retention time = BOD5 concentration/ Organic loading rate
F/M = (Q X S)/ (Vr X MLVSS)
Mean cell residence time, θC = Vr X MLVSS/ (Qe X Xe + Qw X Xr)
Where:
F/M is food to Microorganism ratio

Q is Flow rate
S is organic concentration BOD5
Vr is volume of reactor
θC is Mean cell residence time
MLVSS is Mixed Liquor Volatile Suspended Solid
Qe is effluent flow rate m3/d
Xe is effluent volatile solids
Qw is waste sludge flow rate m3/d
Xr is volatile solid in sludge

Page 24
II Fundamentals Of Engineering Examination (Electrical)
The examination will focus on testing the fundamentals of electrical power

engineering. The 6-hour examination will comprise two parts.
Format
• FEE Part 1 (Electrical) (3 hours & 10 mins) - 40 MCQ questions
▪ EE 101 Principles of Power Engineering
• FEE Part 2 (Electrical) (3 hours & 10 mins) - 5 out of 7 questions
▪ EE 201 Power System Analysis and Utilization
Syllabus
• EE 101 Principles of Power Engineering
▪ Three-phase Circuits and Systems

Review of single-phase circuits. Three-phase voltage generation.
Phasor diagrams. Wye and delta connections. Balanced / unbalanced
three-phase loads. Active, reactive and apparent power. Power
measurements. Power factor correction.
▪ Magnetism and Magnetic Circuits

Magnetic fields. Magnetic materials and magnetization curves.
Magnetic equivalent circuits. Electromagnetic induction. Sinusoidal
excitation. Magnetic losses.
▪ Transformers
Ideal transformer. Equivalent circuits. Phasor diagrams.
Determination of parameters. Performance evaluation.
Autotransformers. Three-phase transformers. Phase shift
transformers.
▪ AC and DC Machines
DC Machines: operating principle, voltage and torque equations,
classification, torque-speed characteristics, losses and efficiency.
Three-phase induction motors: operating principle, assist starting,
starting methods, equivalent circuit, torque-speed characteristics,
losses and efficiency. Brushless DC motor, PMSM.
▪ Power Electronics
Introduction to power conversion. Harmonics. AC to DC conversion.
DC to DC conversion. DC to AC conversion. DC servo motor drive
systems. AC variable-speed induction motor drive systems.
Permanent magnet and stepping motor drive systems. Power
Electronics devices.
▪ Fundamental of Power Systems
Page 25
Energy sources. Per unit system. Power system components and

representation: synchronous generators, transmission lines and
cables. Load representations. Power transfer.
▪ Power Flow Modelling

System components modelling. Formulation of power flow equations.
Methods of power flow solution. Case studies.
• EE 201 Power System Analysis and Utilizations
▪ Power System Operation and Control

Governor control systems. Active power and frequency control.
Production and absorption of reactive power. Methods of voltage
control. Reactive power and voltage control. Application to
transmission and distribution systems.
▪ Analysis of Symmetrical and Unsymmetrical Faults

Three-phase faults and fault level calculations. Symmetrical
components. Sequence impedances and sequence networks.
Unsymmetrical faults.
▪ Electric Power Distribution Systems

Distribution system configurations. Primary and secondary
distribution. Ring, radial and inter-connected systems. Distribution
substation layout. Planning criteria and network design.
▪ Building Services Engineering

Estimation of power demand. Conductor sizing and correction
factors. Earthing system, earth fault and touch voltage.
▪ General Protection Principles

Basic protection principles Instrument transformers. Coordination of
IDMTL and DTL overcurrent and earth protection for distribution
systems. Differential protection of feeders and transformers.
▪ Applications of High-voltage Engineering

Acceptance and routine tests on apparatus. Fault locating methods.
Condition monitoring and aging assessment. Case studies.
▪ Electric Drives
Controlled converter fed DC motor drives. Chopper circuit
configurations in DC drives. Inverter fed AC drives. Variable voltage
and variable frequency operation. Power quality and harmonics.
▪ Sustainable Energy Technology and Applications

Distributed energy resources. Sustainable energy technology. Solar
PV technology. PV system design. Grid-tied PV systems. Energy
conversion and energy storage system.

Page 26
Recommended Reading List for Electrical Engineering
FEE Part 1 (Electrical)

EE 101 Principles of Power Engineering
1) Guru Bhag S and Hiziroglu Huseyin R, Electric Machinery and Transformers, 3rd Edition,
Oxford University Press, 2001.
2) Sen Paresh Chandra, Principles of Electric Machines and Power Electronics, Hoboken,
NJ: John Wiley & Sons, 2014.
3) Chapman Stephen J, Electric Machinery and Power System Fundamentals, 1st Edition,
McGraw-Hill, 2002.
4) Wildi Theodore, Electrical Machines, Drives and Power Systems, 6th Edition,
Pearson/Prentice-Hall, 2006
FEE Part 2 (Electrical)

EE 201 Power System Analysis and Utilizations
1) Grainger John J and Stevenson William D, Power System Analysis, McGraw-Hill, 1994.
2) Bergen Arthur R and Vittal Vijay, Power System Analysis, 2nd Edition, Prentice-Hall, 2000.
3) Weedy B M and Cory B J, Jenkins N, Ekanayake J B, Strbac G, Electric Power Systems, 5th
Edition, John Wiley, 2012.
4) Pabla A S, Electric Power Distribution, 6th Edition, McGraw-Hill, 2011.
5) Code of Practice for Electrical Installations, (Singapore Standards, CP5 1998), Singapore
Productivity and Standards Board, 1998.
6) Lakervi E and Holmes E J, Electricity Distribution Network Design, (IEE Power Engineering
Series), 2nd Edition, London: Peter Peregrinus, 2003.
7) Paithankar Y G, Transmission Network Protection: Theory and Practice, Mercel Dekker, 1998.
8) Gers Juan M and Holmes Edward J, Protection of Electricity Distribution Networks,

Institution of Electrical Engineers, 2011.
9) Naidu M S and Kamaraju V, High Voltage Engineering, McGraw-Hill, 2013.
10) Ram Badri and Vishwakarma D N, Power System Protection and Switchgear, McGraw-Hill,
2011.
11) Teo Cheng Yu, Principles and Design of Low Voltage Systems, Revised 2nd Edition,
seventh print, Byte Power Publications, 2012.
12) Blackburn J Lewis, Protective Relaying: Principles and Applications, 4th Edition, CRC Press,
2014.

Page 27

Examination Part 1 (Electrical)
1. A three-phase generator supplies 3.6 kVA at a power factor of 0.85 lagging. If

2500 W is delivered to the load and line losses are 80 W per phase, what are
the losses in the generator?
(a) 480 W
(b) 320 W
(c) 860 W
(d) 240 W
2. A factory uses 3-phase, 400 V commercial power. The principal users of power
are an induction motor operating at 300 kW with a power factor of 0.65 lagging
and an injection moulding machine operating at 600 kVA with a power factor of
0.63 lagging. What is the power factor for the factory?
(a) 0.61
(b) 0.78
(c) 0.59
(d) 0.64
3. A three-phase Y-connected generator with a phase voltage of 500 V and a

frequency of 50 Hz is connected through power lines to a balanced delta-
connected load that consumes 400 kW of power at 0.77 pf lagging. What is the
phase current of the load?
(a) 154 A
(b) 266 A
(c) 200 A
(d) 346 A
4. 1-phase 230 V 50 Hz supply is connected to the coil of Figure Q4. Use the
following parameters of the core and find the current in the coil.
a b
Length of abcd = 80 cm
Figure Q4
2
Cross sectional area of core = 20 cm
N= 180 turns
d c -3
Permeability = 3.1415x10 H/m

Page 28
(a) 4.07 sin(ωt) A

(b) 0.407 sin(ωt) A
(c) 3.89 sin(ωt) A
(d) 0.389 sin(ωt) A
5. With reference to Figure Q5, determine the Vrms induced in the coil if a 50 Hz
ac current of 0.3 sin(ωt) A is flowing through the coil. Inductance L is given as
0.24 H..
Mean path
ℓc
Figure Q5
(a) 22.6 V
(b) 16 V
(c) 11.3
(d) 8V
6. What is the flux density in a round iron core if its diameter is 2 cm and flux Φ
is 7 x 10-5 Wb.
(a) 0.056 T
(b) 2.23 x 10-5 T
(c) 3.5 x 10-5 T
(d) 0.223 T
7. A 1,000 KVA transformer has 2,500 watts iron loss, and 11,000 watts copper
loss at full load. The power factor is 0.85 lagging. Calculate the all-day efficiency
of the transformer at daily load cycle of 14 hours half load and 10 hours full
load.
(a) 97.32%
(b) 98.58%
(c) 99.20%
(d) 99.75%
8. Two transformers, T1 and T2, are connected in parallel. Transformer T1 is rated

at 1,500 kVA with 5% impedance, and transformer T2 is rated at 2,000 kVA
with 6% impedance. The transformers have the same turns ratio, and are

Page 29
connected to a common 3,000 kVA load. What is the loading on each

transformer?
(a) ST1 = 1,256 kVA, ST2 = 1,744 kVA

(b) ST1 = 1,364 kVA, ST2 = 1,636 kVA
(c) ST1 = 1,421 kVA, ST2 = 1,579 kVA
(d) ST1 = 1,714 kVA, ST2 = 1,286kVA
9. The copper losses of a 1,000 kVA, 22/0.4 kV, 3 phase, delta-star connected
transformer are 1.5 kW and 0.6 kW on high voltage and low voltage side
respectively. Find the total resistance in ohms per phase at 22kV side (r1) and
400V side (r2).
(a) r1 = 0.726, r2 = 0.000096

(b) r1 = 2.178, r2 = 0.000096
(c) r1 = 6.534, r2 = 0.000288
(d) r1 = 2.178, r2 = 0.000288
10. The field current of a separately excited DC motor is increased by 10 %. What

is the expected change in motor speed?
(a) No change
(b) Increase by about 10 %
(c) Decrease by about 10 %
(d) Decrease by about 5 %
11. A 3-phase induction motor is required to drive a factory ventilation fan in

Singapore. The mechanical facility engineer has determined that the fan
requires a torque of 300 Nm to run at a speed of approximately 1000 rev/min.
Which of the following motors will you select for the application?
(a) 3-phase, 50 Hz, 400 V, 50 kW, 2-pole

(b) 3-phase, 50 Hz, 400 V, 50 kW, 4-pole
(c) 3-phase, 50 Hz, 400 V, 25 kW, 6-pole
(d) 3-phase, 50 Hz, 400 V, 50 kW, 6-pole
12. A motor is rated at 200 kW, 970 rev/min. What is the rated torque of the
motor?
(a) 150.8 Nm
(b) 1969 Nm
(c) 1358 Nm
(d) 978.5 Nm

Page 30
13. In DC-DC converter control loop design, the open loop DC Gain of the
converter
(a) should be as stable as possible

(b) should be as accurate as possible
(c) should be as high as possible
(d) should be as constant as possible
14. In Figure Q14, what is the theoretical maximum voltage encountered by

Mosfet Q1 in the converter, given that VDC = 50V and the turn ratio of
NP:NS:NR = 3:2:1?
Figure Q14
(a) 100V
(b) 200V
(c) 300V
(d) 400V
15. If VDC = 150V and Q1 has a maximum voltage rating of 220V, what would be
the appropriate breakdown voltage VZ value of the Zener diode used in the
following circuit shown in Figure Q15?
Figure Q15
(a) 50V
(b) 100V
(c) 150V
(d) 200V

Page 31
16. The governor characteristic of a generator has a three percentage drop in

speed from no-load to full load of 200 MW. When the power output of the
generator is reduced to 60 % of its rated capacity, determine the new
governor setting and associated governor characteristic to maintain the
frequency of the machine at 1.0 p.u.
(a) 1.08 %
(b) 1.2 %
(c) 1.8 %
(d) 5%
17. A 66 kV, 10 km transmission line delivers power of 100 MW at 0.9 lagging

power factor to the load at the receiving end. The parameters of the line
are such that the reactance per km is 0.3 ohm, and the resistance and
shunt capacitance are negligible. Calculate the sending end voltage to
maintain the receiving end voltage at 66 kV.
(a) 65.03 kV
(b) 66.97 kV
(c) 68.35 kV
(d) 70.58 kV
18. In the solution algorithm of the power flow problems, what would need to be
computed first before other quantities are calculated?
(a) Active and reactive power flows in all the lines

(b) Voltage magnitude and phase angle of each bus
(c) Active and reactive power losses in each line
(d) Line currents
19. In the power flow studies, a generator can regulate its generator bus voltage
at a specified value because
(a) the generator bus voltage is within the high and low voltage limits.
(b) the generated active power is within the unit’s maximum and minimum P
limits.
(c) the generated reactive power is within the unit’s maximum and minimum
Q limits.
(d) the supplied generator current is within its rated value.

Page 32
20. If a power system has 10 load buses and 6 generator buses (inclusive of the
slack bus), what is the total number of independent power flow equations
that needs to be set up?
(a) 25
(b) 24
(c) 23
(d) 20

Page 33

Examination Part 2 (Electrical)
(Actual paper comprises 7 questions. Answer 5 questions)
Q1.
A 100-MVA, 22-kV generator with synchronous reactance of 1.7 pu supplies power
to an infinite bus at rated voltage.
(a) Find the induced emf and the power angle when the generator is supplying
50 MW at 0.85 pf lag.
(5 marks)
(b) If the steam input is kept constant and the excitation is increased by 15%,
determine the induced emf, the power angle, the reactive power, and the
power factor of the generator.
(11 marks)
(c) Is the generator under, normally, or over excited? Why?

(4 marks)
Q2.
A 50-MVA, 12.5 kV generator has a direct-axis sub-transient reactance of 0.25 per
unit. The negative- and zero-sequence reactances are, respectively, 0.35 and 0.10
per unit. The neutral of the generator is solidly grounded. When a single line-to-
ground fault occurs at the generator terminals with the generator operating
unloaded at rated voltage, determine
(a) the sub-transient current (in amperes) in the generator, and

(8 marks)
(b) the line-to-line voltages (in kV) for sub-transient conditions.
(12 marks)
Q3.
(a) A main switch board is supplied from a 22/0.43 kV, 2.0 MVA transformer
with an impedance of 6%. The impedance of LV cables to the main
switchboard is (0.0006 + j0.0012) . The fault level at the 22 kV intake
point is 800 MVA. Calculate the fault current at the main switchboard.
State major assumptions you made, if applicable.
(8 marks)
(b) Electric power distribution systems can be configured in various ways to

efficiently deliver electricity to consumers. The choice of configuration
depends on factors such as load requirements, geographical location, cost,
reliability, maintainability, and future expansion plans. Three common
configurations for power distribution systems are:

Page 34
Radial configuration
Ring configuration
Mesh configuration
Briefly discuss three (3) main features, three (3) advantages, and three (3)
disadvantages for each of these configurations.
(12 marks)
Q.4
A 400 V three phase Main Switchboard (MSB) as shown in Figure Q4 supplies
to a three phase 150 kW electric motor with power factor of 0.85 lagging and
efficiency of 90% which is located 80 metres away.
The electric circuit from the MSB to the motor is laid horizontally, touching on a
cable tray using single-core, copper conductor, XLPE insulation and PVC sheath
cables. The section of the electric circuit from the MSB in the corridor is 25 metres
long. It shares with another two circuits and the ambient temperature is 35 ℃.
The section of the electric circuit in the furnace room to the motor is 55 metres long
and is on its own. The ambient temperature in the furnace room is 50 ℃. Overload
protection of the cables is by a Triple Pole (TP) MCCB in the MSB. Earth fault
protection is by an Earth Leakage Relay with current setting of 2 A and time setting
of 0.3
sec.
Figure Q4 Power Supply to an electric motor
(a) Select the appropriate cable size for the cable to the motor. The cable is
required to be protected against overload. (6 marks)

Page 35
(b) Calculate the voltage drop in the steady load conditions when the motor is
operating at full load. (3 marks)
(c) During motor starting, the power factor drops to 0.3 and the starting current
is 3 times the full-load current, calculate the voltage drop during motor
starting.
(3 marks)
(d) The earth fault loop impedance measured at the motor is 0.6 Ω, what is the
prospective earth fault current?
(2 marks)
(e) A single core, copper, PVC insulated cable is used as the circuit protective
conductor of the motor, use the Table 5.5 below to determine the cable size of
the circuit protective conductor.
(2 marks)
(f) Check whether the circuit protective conductor size is adequate to withstand
the thermal effect of the earth fault current.
(4 marks)
Available TP MCCB current ratings are 100 A, 200 A, 300 A, 400 A, 600 A, 800 A,
1,000 A
Conductor Current carrying capacity Voltage drop (per ampere

cross (amperes) per metre)
sectional area Reference Method 11 Reference Methods 1&11
(mm2) (on a perforated cable tray (flat and touching)
horizontal or vertical) (mV/A/m)
3 or 4 cables, 3-phase a.c.
flat and touching or trefoil
(A)
r x z
35 176 1.15 0.18 1.15
50 215 0.86 0.18 0.87
70 279 0.59 0.175 0.62
95 341 0.43 0.170 0.46
120 398 0.34 0.165 0.38
150 461 0.28 0.165 0.32
185 530 0.22 0.165 0.28
240 630 0.170 0.165 0.24
300 730 0.135 0.160 0.21
Table 4.1: Current carrying capacity and voltage drop of single core copper cables
having thermosetting insulation, non-armoured, with or without sheath

Page 36
Type of Operating Ambient temp (oC)

insulation Temp (oC)
25 30 35 40 45 50 55 60 65
Rubber 60 1.04 1.0 0.91 0.82 0.71 0.58 0.41 - -
General 70 1.03 1.0 0.94 0.87 0.79 0.71 0.61 0.50 0.35
purpose PVC
Paper 80 1.02 1.0 0.95 0.89 0.84 0.77 0.71 0.63 0.55
rubber 85 1.02 1.0 0.95 0.90 0.85 0.80 0.74 0.67 0.60
Heat resisting 90 1.03 1.0 0.97 0.94 0.91 0.87 0.84 0.80 0.76
PVC
Thermosetting 90 1.02 1.0 0.96 0.91 0.97 0.82 0.76 0.71 0.65
(e.g. XLPE)
Table 4.2: Correction factors for ambient temperature where protection is against
short circuit
Reference Method of installation Correction factor (Cg)

Number of circuits or multicore
cables
2 3 4 5 6
Enclosed or bunched and clipped direct 0.80 0.70 0.65 0.60 0.57
to a non-metallic surface (Method 1)
Single layer clipped to a Touching 0.85 0.79 0.75 0.73 0.72
non-metallic surface Spaced 0.94 0.90 0.90 0.90 0.90
(Method 1)
Single layer multicore on a Touching 0.86 0.81 0.77 0.75 0.74
perforated metal cable Spaced 0.91 0.89 0.88 0.87 0.87
tray, vertical or horizontal
(Method 11)
Single layer single core on Horizonta 0.90 0.85
a perforated metal cable l
tray, touching (Method 11) Vertical 0.85
Single layer multicore touching on 0.86 0.82 0.80 0.79 0.78
ladder supports (Method 13)
Table 4.3: Correction Factors for groups of more than one circuit of single-core
cables, or more than one multicore cable

Page 37
Material of Insulation material

conductor
70 ℃ 90 ℃ 90 ℃
thermoplastic thermoplastic Thermosetting
(e.g. XLPE)
Copper 115/103* 108/86* 143
Aluminium 76/68* 66/57* 94
Assumed initial 70 ℃ 90 ℃ 90 ℃
temperature
Final temperature 160 ℃ / 140 ℃ 160 ℃ / 140 ℃ 250 ℃
* Above 300 mm2
Table 4.4 Values of k for protective conductor incorporated in a cable or bunched

with cables, where the assumed initial temperature is 70 ℃ or greater.
Cross-sectional Minimum cross-sectional area of the corresponding

area of the protective conductor
conductor S If the protective If the protective
conductor is of the same conductor is not of the
material as the line same material as the line
conductor conductor
(mm2) (mm2) (mm2)
S ≤ 16 S k1
xS
k2
16 < S ≤ 35 16 k1
x 16
k2
S > 25 S k1
x
S
k2 2
2
K1 is the value of k for the line conductor

K2 is the value of k for the protective conductor
Table 4.5 Minimum cross-sectional area of protective conductor in relation to the

cross-sectional area of associated line conductor
Q5.
(a) A 22kV feeder is protected by an IDMT overcurrent relay with IEC standard
inverse characteristic. The plug setting (PS) is 5A and time multiplier setting
(TMS) is 0.23. Calculate the relay operating time when a current of 10 A and
50 A is injected.

Page 38
Curve description Constants Minimum operation
Short time inverse K = 0.05  = 0.04 1.05 Is

Standard inverse K = 0.14  = 0.02 1.05 Is
Table 5: Formula and constants of IDMTL characteristic curve to IEC Standard
(5 marks)
(b) The specifications of a 500/5 current transformer (CT) is 5P20, 5 VA and CT

resistance is 0.10 Ω. The CT connected burden is 1.25 VA. Calculate the actual
accuracy limiting factor (ALF) and convert it to primary of the CT?
(5 marks)
(c) A 22 kV/400V 1MVA Dy11 transformer is protected by an IDMTL overcurrent

(OC) relay with IEC standard inverse characteristic on the 22 kV side. The
current transformer ratio is 75/1. The OC relay plug setting (PS) is 0.75 A and
time multiplier setting (TMS) is 0.35.
The transformer LV phase L1 cable developed an earth fault current of 10,000

A. Calculate the relay operating time. Which phase(s) showed trip indication?
(10 marks)

Page 39
III Fundamentals Of Engineering Examination (Mechanical)
The examination will focus on testing the fundamentals of mechanical engineering.

The 6-hour examination will comprise two parts:
Format
• FEE Part 1 (Mechanical) (3 hours & 10 mins) – 40 MCQ questions
▪ ME 101 Control and Instrumentations

▪ ME 102 Dynamics and Vibrations
▪ ME 103 Fluid Mechanics
▪ ME 104 Mechanics and Materials
▪ ME 105 Manufacturing Technology
▪ ME 106 Thermodynamics and Heat Transfer
• FEE Part 2 (Mechanical) (3 hours & 10 mins) – 5 out of 7 questions
▪ ME 201 Control and Instrumentations

▪ ME 202 Dynamics and Vibrations
▪ ME 203 Fluid Mechanics
▪ ME 204 Mechanics and Materials
▪ ME 205 Manufacturing Technology
▪ ME 206 Thermodynamics and Heat Transfer
Syllabus
• ME 101/201 Control And Instrumentations
▪ Modelling of Linear Systems

Introduction to control systems. Mathematical modelling of electro-
mechanical systems. Transfer functions representation of physical
components. Block diagram manipulation.
▪ Dynamic Response Analysis

Transient response analysis and performance indices. Poles and zeros
concept, dominant pole concept of high order systems. Characteristic
equation. Steady state errors and system types.
▪ Principles of Feedback Control

Open loop versus closed loop control. Analysis of system type. Error
elimination and disturbance rejection. Types of feedback systems.
PID controller. Stability and Routh-Hurwitz method.
▪ Root Locus Techniques

Qualitative analysis of the Root Locus. Guidelines for sketching a Root
Locus. General concepts of dynamics compensator design. Design
by Root Locus: PI, PD, PID, Lead and Lag compensators. Feedback
compensation and realisation.

Page 40
▪ Frequency Domain Analysis

Concept of frequency response. Bode plots. Nyquist plot and Nyquist
stability criterion. Stability margins. Closed loop frequency domain
characteristics. Design of compensator via Bode plots - Lead, Lag &
Lag-lead controller. Design examples.
▪ Measurement System
Models and classification for measurement systems and their time
and frequency domain behaviours. Performance specifications.
▪ Analog Devices and Measurement

Introduction to basic measurement devices for analog signals and
measurement principles. Conditioning of analog signals for
transmission and processing.
▪ Digital Devices and Measurement

Fundamental differences between analog and digital systems.
Sampling theorem and fundamentals of data acquisition.
▪ Sensors
Measurement for common engineering applications: position, speed,
stress, strain, temperature, vibration and acceleration, pressure and
flow. Semiconductor sensors and micromechanical devices.
• ME 102/202 Dynamics And Vibrations
▪ Dynamics
Kinematics of Particle
Uniform rectilinear motion; Uniform accelerated rectilinear motion;
Rectangular components of velocity and acceleration; Motion
relative to a frame in translation; Tangential and normal
components; Radial and transverse components. Newton’s second
law; Equations of motion; Angular momentum of a particle;
Principle of conservation of energy; Principle of conservation of
momentum.
Kinematics of Rigid Bodies

General plane motion; Coriolis acceleration. Equations of plane
motion for a rigid body; Angular momentum of a rigid body in plane
motion; Principle of work and energy for a rigid body; Principle of
impulse and momentum for the plane motion of a rigid body;
Conservation of angular momentum.
▪ Mechanical Vibrations
Vibration Without Damping
Simple harmonic motion; Energy method; forced vibration.
Damped Vibration
Page 41
Damped free vibration; Damped forced vibration.
• ME 103/203 Fluid Mechanics
▪ Basic concepts
Understanding fluids as compared to solids and gases. Properties of
fluids: Density, pressure and viscosity. Pressure measurements.
Buoyant forces and Archimedes’ Principle. Stability of submerged and
floating bodies. Stability of a ship.
▪ Fluid Motion
Real and ideal fluids. Momentum and forces in fluid flow: Continuity
equation, momentum equation, energy equation, Bernoulli’s equation.
▪ Pipe Flow
Laminar and turbulent flows in pipes. Moody diagram, losses and
fittings, energy equation for real laminar flow in pipes. Equation of
motion for turbulent flow. Mixing length hypothesis. Fully turbulent
flow in pipes. Head and flow calculations in pump-piping systems.
▪ Fluid Machinery
Fundamental theory and performance. Pumps and fans, turbines:
Concepts and performance characteristics. Cavitation and surge
phenomena.
▪ Flow Resistance and Propulsion

Boundary layer, surface roughness, form drag. Water jet theory: Basic
principle, fundamental thrust equation. Ship propulsion: Introduction
to propulsion system, powering of ship, propeller theory, propeller-hull
interaction.
• ME 104/204 Mechanics And Materials
▪ Material properties and behaviour

Yield and ultimate tensile stress, proof stress, elastic modulus. Yield
and Strength failure criteria- Tresca and Von-Mises.
Temperature effects- temperature expansion coefficient, creep and

stress relaxation. Post-yield effects- elastic-plastic, bilinear hardening
and strain hardening. Fatigue effects- S/N curves.
▪ Stress and Strain
Basic stress and strain for elastic bodies- direct stress and strain, shear
stress and strain, Mohr's circle. Stress and Strain transformations - two
and three-dimensional, 4 elastic constants E, , k and G.
▪ Bending of beams
Second moments of area of structural sections, Free body, shear force
and bending moment diagrams. Elastic and inelastic bending of

Page 42
beams. Combined tension and bending of beams, Deflection and

slopes of beams. Shear stress in beams, Statically indeterminate
beams.
▪ Bending of plates and cylindrical shells

Symmetric membrane bending theory of circular plates and shells
under fixed and freely supported boundaries. Discontinuity stresses
of cylinder to flat, cone or hemispherical shells junctions.
▪ Torsion of prismatic bars and closed sections

Torsion of circular solid section and open thin-walled sections, shear
stresses and deformation, shear flow in thin walled open and closed
sections.
▪ Buckling of columns
Euler buckling theory, perfect and imperfect columns, effect of end
fixings on critical buckling loads.
▪ Thermal loading
Thermal stresses in beams and cylinders due to a through thickness
temperature gradient, thermal stresses in compound bars of different
materials under uniform temperature.
▪ Internal pressure loading

Membrane theory, thin and thick-walled cylinders under pressure.
• ME 105/205 Manufacturing Technology
▪ Introduction
Cutting tool materials. Single and multi-point tools. Types of wear.
Manufacturing processes: cold and hot working, rolling, extrusion,
forging, sheet and metal blanking and forming, cold forming, welding,
brazing, soldering, casting, powder metallurgy, plastics technology.
Non-conventional machining: electro-discharge machining.
▪ Metal Removal
Introduction to machine tools and machining operations – Generating
motions of machine tools, machines using single point tools, machines
using multipoint tools, machines using abrasive wheels. Mechanics of
metal cutting – Chip formation, forces acting on the cutting tool and
their measurement, the apparent mean shear strength of the work
material, chip thickness, friction in metal cutting. Cutting tool materials
– Major tool material types. Tool life and tool wear – Forms of wear in
metal cutting. Economics of metal cutting operations – Choice of feed,
speed and depth of cut, tool life for minimum cost and minimum
production time, estimation of factors needed to determine optimum
conditions.

Page 43
▪ Metrology
Basic measuring instruments and their applications (Linear and
angular measurement, roundness, flatness and surface finish
measurement).
▪ Manufacturing Processes
Introduction to cold and hot working. Rolling - 2, 3 and 4-high rolls,
cluster and planetary rolls, manufacture of blooms, billets and slabs.
Extrusion - Direct and indirect extrusion, hollow extrusion, hydrostatic
extrusion. Forging - Hammer, press, roll forging, open and closed die
forging. Sheet metal bending and deep-drawing, punch load,
drawability, Crane's constants. Shearing of sheet metal - types of
shearing operation, punch and die clearance, punch force. Cold
forming processes - Marforming, Guerin process, hydroforming.
Welding, brazing, soldering - Arc and gas welding, pressure welding,
MIG, TIG, submerged-arc, friction, resistance, laser and electron-
beam welding. Casting - Sand casting, patterns, defects, die-casting,
centrifugal casting, investment casting, continuous casting. Powder
metallurgy - Production of powders, fabrication processes, sintering,
comparison with other processes. Electro-discharge machining.
Plastics technology – Properties of plastics, thermoplastics and
thermosets, manufacturing of plastics.
• ME 106/206 Thermodynamics And Heat Transfer
▪ Thermodynamics
Fundamental concepts
Simple concept of thermodynamic system. Types of energy
interaction between system and surroundings. Properties of simple
pure substances –understand the general form of property
diagrams. Empirical temperature scales and thermometry. Ideal
and perfect gases. Use of steam tables for substance such as
water.
First Law of Thermodynamics

The concept of fully-resisted or quasi-static processes; work and
heat interactions in adiabatic boundaries with the introduction of
internal energy, kinetic, potential and enthalpy. Statement of the
First law of Thermodynamics: applications relating to non-flow and
simple unsteady flow (e.g., the filing of a rigid vessel) processes.
First law applied to simple thermodynamic plants, e.g. power plant,
compressors and expanders (without detailed knowledge of plant
construction). Steady flow energy equation and its application to
demonstrate the significant of enthalpy changes.
Second Law of Thermodynamics

Alternative statements of the Second Law. Reversible and
irreversible processes. Internal and external irreversibility. Heat
Page 44
engines operating in temperature reservoirs and the efficiency of

reversible engines. Entropy as a property and its relationship to
heat transfer. The Clausius inequality. Isentropic and non-
isentropic processes.
▪ Heat Transfer
Conduction
Heat transfer by conduction. Steady-state conduction through slab,
compound walls, cylinders and spheres. Unsteady state conduction
in homogeneous solids.
Convection
Heat Transfer by convection, in fluids and films. Overall heat
transfer coefficients. Natural and forced convection on plane
surfaces, fins, pipes and around round bundles. Heat transfer in
extended surfaces- combining conduction and convection.
Radiation
Heat transfer by radiation. Laws of radiant heat transfer, black and
gray bodies, geometric factors, absorptivity.

Page 45
Recommended Reading List for Mechanical Engineering
• ME 101/201 Control And Instrumentations

Katsuhito Ogata, “Modern Control Engineering”, 5th edition, published by Prentice
Hall
• ME 102/202 Dynamics And Vibrations

F.B. Beer, E.R. Johnston, and W.E. Clausen, “Vector Mechanics for Engineers –
Dyna,mics” S I version
• ME 103/203 Fluid Mechanics

B.R. Munson, D.F. Young, and T.H. Okiishi, “Fundamentals of Fluid Mechanics”,
published by John Wiley and Son
F.M. White, “Fluid Mechanics”, 7th edition, published by McGraw-Hill
• ME 104/204 Mechanics And Materials

C. Ugural, “Mechanics of Materials”, published by McGraw-Hill
R.C. Hibbeler, “Mechanics of Materials”, 2nd edition SI version, published by
Prentice Hall
• ME 105/205 Manufacturing Technology

S. Kalpakjian, and Steven R. Schmid, “Engineering & Technology”
W.A. Knight, and G. Boothroyd, “Fundamentals of Metal Machining and Machine
Tools”
• ME 106/206 Thermodynamics And Heat Transfer

Y.A. Cengel, and M.A. Boles, “Thermodynamics: An Engineering Approach”, 8th
edition SI version, published by Mc-Graw Hill
Incropera, and DeWitt, “Fundamental of Heat and Mass Transfer”
J.P. Holman, “Heat Transfer”, published by McGraw-Hill

Page 46

Examination Part 1 (Mechanical)
1. A rectangular wooden fin of cross section 200 mm by 600 mm protrudes from

the bottom of a motor boat moving at 5 m/s. What is the maximum pressure
on the fin? Density of water is 1000 kg/m3.
(a) 2.50 kPa

(b) 5.00 kPa
(c) 12,50 kPa
(d) 25.00 kPa
2. A pump is required to deliver 0.5 m3/s of cooling water through a pipe of 75-
mm diameter to a heat engine which is 200 m away from and 2 m higher than
the pump. Density of water is 1000 kg/m3. What is the power of the pump?
(a) 1000 W
(b) 4905 W
(c) 9810 W
(d) 19620 W
3. The main reason for incorporating an air pre-heater in the furnace of a steam
power plant is
(a) to have a complete combustion in the furnace

(b) to decrease the humidity of air in the exhaust flue gases
(c) to minimize the energy input to the combustion process
(d) to maximize the waste heat rejection in the exhaust
4. In a stoichiometric combustion, the air to fuel ratio is
(a) below the user defined value

(b) higher than its natural ability to burn
(c) the chemically correct value
(d) a burning scenario when the flame is seen to be yellow in colour

Page 47
5. The coefficient of performance (COP) of a vapour compression chiller is

characterized by its cooling capacity. At low cooling rates, the chiller COP is
reduced by the effects of heat leaks to the environment. On the other hand, at
high cooling rates, the chiller suffers from
(a) the high vibration of the major moving parts

(b) the inefficient operation of the expansion device
(c) the high mass leaks in the vapour compression machine
(d) the finite-rate of heat transfer and fluid friction losses of the working fluid
6. Which of the following statement is correct?
(a) Tool life increases with the increase of cutting speed

(b) Tool life decreases with the increase of cutting speed
(c) Cutting speed has no influence on tool life
7. Consider the unity-feedback control system with the following open-loop

transfer function:
10
G ( s) =
s( s − 1)( 2s + 3)
It is:
(a) stable
(b) unstable
(c) marginally stable
(d) conditionally stable
8. Referring to the system shown below, determine the values of K and k such that
the system has a damping ratio ζ of 0.7 and an undamped natural frequency ω
of 4 rad/sec.
(a) 16, 0.225

(b) 4, 0.225
(c) 16, 0.05

Page 48
9. Design a solid shaft to transmit 200 KW at 75 rpm without exceeding a shearing

stress of 43 MPa.
(a) 54.8mm
(b) 72mm
(c) 0.144mm
(d) 144mm
10. A beam having a rectangular section of 100mm width by 150mm depth is

subjected to a positive bending moment of 16 KNm acting about the horizontal
axis. Find the bending stress acting at the section 25mm above the neutral
axis.
(a) 114.22 MPa

(b) 72.11 MPa
(c) 0.114 MPa
(d) 28.44 MPa

Page 49

Examination Part 2 (Mechanical)
(Actual paper comprises 7 questions. Answer 5 questions.)
Q1.
A combined cycle power plant comprises a natural gas fired, ideal gas-turbine
topping cycle and a bottoming steam-generator for the steam turbine. The air inlet
pressure and temperature to the gas turbine, which has a pressure compression
ratio of 8, are 1 bar and 300K, respectively. The temperature of burned gases from
the combustor to the turbines is 1400K and the flue gas temperature leaving the
steam generator (heat exchanger) is 520K. The bottoming cycle of the power plant
is an ideal reheat Rankine cycle where the steam pressure and temperature supplied
to the high pressure steam turbines are 150 bar and 450 C. Additional natural gas
is fired for the reheating of steam and the conditions of reheated steam supplied to
low-pressure turbine stage are 30 bar and 500o C, respectively.
(a) For the stated steady state conditions, sketch the combined cycle on a T-s
diagram.
(4 marks)
(b) Using the thermodynamic properties of air and steam from the Tables,
determine;
(i) the mass flow rate of air in the gas turbine cycle if the steam generation
rate is 30 kg/s,
(ii) the rate of total heat input, and
(iii) the thermal efficiency of the combined cycle.
State all assumption made in the solution.

(16 marks)
Q2.
A solid aluminium shaft 1.0m long and 50mm diameter is to be replaced by a tubular
steel shaft of the same length and same outer diameter so that either shaft could
carry the same torque and have the same angle of twist over the total length (that
is having the same torsional stiffness).
Calculate the inner diameter of the tubular steel shaft.
The following properties of steel and aluminium can be used in your calculation.
Steel, Gs= 84 GPa, Aluminium Ga= 28 GPa.).
(20 marks)

Page 50
Q3.
A mercury-in-bulb thermometer is immersed into a bath of temperature Ti, and the
mercury level in the stem of radius rs rises by a finite height Xo. If the bulb has a
radius rb, and the overall heat transfer coefficient between the bulb and the fluid of
the bath is U, show that the energy balance equation for the temperature of mercury
in the bulb (Tb) is given by
𝑑𝑇𝑏
𝜌𝐶𝑉𝑏 ( ) = 𝑈𝐴𝑏 (𝑇𝑖 − 𝑇𝑏 )
𝑑𝑡
where ρ is the density of mercury in the bulb, C is the specific heat, Ab is the surface
area of the bulb. Assuming that the expanded mercury of the bulb ( βVbT) is equal
to the change of the mercury volume in the stem (XoAs), demonstrate that the output
variable (Xo) to the input variable (Ti) can be expressed as
𝜌𝐶𝑉𝑏 𝑑𝑋𝑜 𝛽𝑉𝑏

[ ]( ) + 𝑋𝑜 = [ ]𝑇
𝑈𝐴𝑏 𝑑𝑡 𝐴𝑆 𝑖
where As is the cross section area of the hollow stem of thermometer. Using the
operator D or equivalent, demonstrate that the thermometer can be expressed as a
1st order transfer function in terms of Xo to Ti as;
(𝜏𝐷 + 1)𝑋𝑜 = 𝐾 𝑇𝑖
𝛽𝑉𝑏 𝜌𝐶𝑉𝑏
Hence, show that K = , a constant and τ = , is the time constant of the
𝐴𝑆 𝑈𝐴𝑏
thermometer.
Write down the general solution of the output variable, Xo. Sketch the expected
behavior of the thermometer over a finite non-dimensional time internals, t/τ , say
from 0 to 5.
(12 marks)
A mercury-in-bulb master thermometer is designed with a bulb radius of 1.6 mm

whilst the ratio of the hollow stem to bulb radii is 0.07. If the overall heat transfer
coefficient between the thermometer and the bath fluid is 800 W/m2.K, show that:
(i) the time constant (τ) of the thermometer is about 4 s,
(ii) the ratio of thermometer constant (K) to the volumetric expansion

coefficient of mercury (β) is about 0.1.
The following properties of mercury can be used in your calculation: Density (ρ) and
specific heat (C) of mercury are 13500 kg/m3 and 140 J/kg.K, respectively.
(8 marks)

Page 51
IV Fundamentals Of Engineering Examination (Chemical)
The examination will focus on testing the fundamentals of chemical engineering.

The 6-hour examination will comprise two parts:
Format
• FEE Part 1 (Chemical) (3 hours & 10 mins) – 40 MCQ questions
• FEE Part 2 (Chemical) (3 hours & 10 mins) – 5 out of 7 questions
Syllabus
• ChE 101: Chemical Engineering Principles
▪ Mass balances
Unit conversion, process flow chart, phase behavior, composition,
purge, bypass, reactive systems, multiple reactions, recycle,
combustion.
▪ Energy balances
Heat capacity, Latent heat, heat of reaction, heat of solution.
• ChE 102: Thermodynamics
▪ Thermodynamic properties and phase diagrams

Enthalpy, entropy, free energy, steam tables.
▪ Thermodynamic laws and applications

First law, Second law, isothermal processes, adiabatic processes, cyclic
processes (e.g. power cycles, refrigeration).
▪ Chemical thermodynamics
Phase equilibrium, chemical equilibrium, heats of reaction and mixing.
• ChE 103: Transport Processes
▪ Momentum transfer
Classification of fluids and their properties. Continuity equation.
Momentum balance equation. Bernoulli equation. Flow of compressible
fluids. Friction losses in flow. Equivalent diameter for non-circular
conduct. Pumps and Compressors: characteristics curves, net positive
suction head (NPSH), cavitation, and selection of pumps and
compressors.
▪ Heat transfer
Basic definitions. Steady state heat conduction. Thermal resistor
models for composite walls. 1-D analysis of unsteady state heat

Page 52
conduction. Natural and forced convection. Heat exchangers. Black

body radiation and calculation of energy loss from surface.
▪ Mass Transfer
Fick’s laws. Estimation of gas and liquid phase diffusivities. Steady-
state and unsteady state diffusion. Pore diffusion. Convective mass
transfer – calculations of fluxes and mass transfer coefficients. Mass,
heat and momentum transfer analogies.
• ChE 104: Chemical Reactors
Kinetics versus thermodynamics of chemical reactions. Reaction rates. Rate

laws. Reaction stoichiometry versus reaction mechanism. Stoichiometric table
analysis. Ideal reactor design equations. Analysis of reaction rate data.
Reactor selection and sequencing. Yield versus productivity in multiple
reactions. Non-isothermal operations. Residence time distributions as reactor
diagnostics. Coupling of transport processes to chemical reactions. Reactors
for heterogeneous catalysis.
• ChE 105: Separation
Phase equilibrium, partition coefficient, driving force and mass transfer rate
in the context of separation processes. Mass and energy balances around
flash distillation, multi-stage distillation, absorption and stripping, and liquid-
liquid extraction and membrane processes. Equilibrium and rate based design
concepts of these separation processes for binary and multi-component
systems. Effects of various operating variables on the separation process
output, troubleshooting and process improvement.
• ChE 106: Process Control
Importance of process control in chemical process industry. Architecture and

hardware of a control system. Measurement noise and observability of a
process variable. Dynamic behavior of a chemical process (first order, second
order, dead time, recycle, etc.), and various types of open loop and closed
loop responses. Types of control systems (feedback, feed forward, cascade,
ratio, etc.) and their selection for a given application. Design/tuning of
industrially relevant feedback controllers and their stability. Unit level
(reactor, distillation column, etc.) versus plant wide control.
• ChE 107: Process Design & Safety
▪ Need for process simulation, design, and optimization. Plant life cycle
and plant design stages. Fundamentals of process simulation, process
simulators and their architecture. Hierarchical approach to preliminary
process synthesis. Heat integration. Process diagrams. Process
optimization. Equipment selection, specification, sizing and costing.
Time value of money. Plant cost estimation and profitability analyses
(payback period, NPV, RORI, …).
Page 53
▪ Importance of occupational health and loss prevention. Hazards, risks,

and incident statistics. Toxic hazards, threshold limit values; Probit
analysis. Industrial hygiene evaluation and control. Toxic release
estimation, consequence analyses, and exposure limits. Fires and
explosions, flammability and limits, and fire/explosion prevention.
Relief systems and sizing. Hazard identification and risk assessment.

Page 54
Recommended Reading List for Chemical Engineering
ChE 101: Chemical Engineering Principles
1) R. M. Felder, R. W. Rousseau and L. G. Bullard, “Elementary Principles of Chemical

Processes” 4th edition (2015), John Wiley and Sons, Inc.
ChE 102: Thermodynamics
1) J. M. Smith, H. Van Ness, M. Abbott and M. Swihart, “Introduction to Chemical

Engineering Thermodynamics” 8th edition (2018), McGraw-Hill.
ChE 103: Transport Processes
1) WELTY J.R., RORRER G. & FOSTER D.G. (2015) Fundamentals of Momentum,

Heat, and Mass Transfer, International Student Version, 6th Edition. Publisher John
Wiley & Son, New York.
ChE 104: Chemical Reactors
1) Octave Levenspiel, Chemical Reaction Engineering, 3rd Edition (1999), John Wiley
and Sons.
2) H Scott Fogler, Elements of Chemical Reaction Engineering, 4th Edition (2006),
Prentice Hall International Series.
ChE 105: Separation
1) Philip C. Wankat, Separation Process Engineering, 5th Edition (2023), Pearson

Education International.
2) J D Seader and Ernest J Henley, Separation Process Principles, 2nd Edition (2006),
John Wiley and Sons, Inc.
ChE 106: Process Control
1) Dale E Seborg, Thomas F. Edgar, Duncan A. Mellichamp and Francis J Doyle III,
Process Dynamics and Control, 4th Edition (2016), John Wiley and Sons, Inc.
2) George Stephanopoulos, Chemical Process Control: An Introduction to Theory and
Practice, Paperback Edition (2015), Pearson Education International.
ChE 107: Process Design & Safety
1) Ray Sinnott and Gavin Towler, Chemical Engineering Design, 5th Edition (2009),
Elsevier (Butterworth & Heinemann).
2) R Turton, R C Bailie, W B Whiting, J A Shaeiwitz, D Bhattacharya, Analysis, Synthesis,
and Design of Chemical Processs, 4th Edition (2013), Pearson Educational
International.
3) D Crowl and J F Louvar, Chemical Process Safety: Fundamentals with Applications,
2nd Edition, Prentice Hall, 200

Page 55
Sample Questions for Fundamentals Of Engineering Examination Part 1

(Chemical)
1. A distillation column strips ethanol from a feed of 3 mol% ethanol in water. The
feed rate is 16000 mol/h. The distillate contains 87 mol% ethanol, and the
bottoms contains 0.05 mol% ethanol. What is the flow rate of the distillate?
(a) Cannot be calculated

(b) 321 mol/h
(c) 432 mol/h
(d) 543 mol/h
2. One mole of ideal gas at 26˚C undergoes isothermal compression from 0.5 bar
to 2.5 bar. What is the work done on the gas?
(a) 350 J
(b) 1950 J
(c) 3000 J
(d) 4000 J
3. The vapour-pressure data for benzene is given in the table below:
Pressure (mmHg) Temperature (˚C)

40 7.6
80 21.6
Use the data given to estimate the latent heat of vapourization of benzene.
(a) 33.8 kJ/mol

(b) 67.6 kJ/mol
(c) 94.5 kJ/mol
(d) 113 kJ/mol
4. Which of the following governs the diffusion of one species onto another?
(a) Fourier’s Law

(b) Fick’s Law
(c) Euler’s Law
(d) Reynolds Number

Page 56
5. Steam reforming of methane (SRM) is a high temperature (700-1000C) catalytic

reaction for producing hydrogen by splitting water. The product is a mixture of
CO and H2 generally known as the synthesis gas.
CH 4 + H 2O → CO + 3H 2 (1)
The water-gas shift (WGS) reaction also occurs under the steam reforming
conditions.
CO + H 2O → CO2 + H 2 (2)
Which of the following statements is correct for maximizing hydrogen

production?
(a) The water-gas shift reaction is always desirable.

(b) The water-gas shift reaction is always undesirable.
(c) The water-gas shift reaction is desirable only if methane is in excess.
(d) The water-gas shift reaction is desirable only if steam is in excess.
6. Which one of the following separation methods is the preferred current option
for capture and concentrate of CO2 from a power plant flue gas?
(a) Multi-stage distillation
(b) Extraction
(c) Absorption
(d) Flash distillation
(e) Ion exchange
7. What type of control system has been

implemented in the heating process in
Figure Q6?
(a) Feedback control

(b) Ratio control
(c) Cascade control
(d) Feed forward control
(e) Model predictive control
Figure Q6: Controlling temperature in a tank.

Page 57
8. What is the role of a fluid property package in a process simulator such as Aspen
Hysys or Aspen Plus?
(a) Estimate reaction related properties such as rate/equilibrium constants

(b) Perform mass and energy balances
(c) Estimate thermophysical properties of streams
(d) All of the above

Page 58
Sample Questions for Fundamentals Of Engineering Examination Part 2

(Chemical)
(Actual paper comprises 7 questions. Answer 5 questions.)
Q1.
Methanol is produced commercially from synthesis gas according to the reactions
below:
CO (g) + 2H2 (g) → CH3OH (g)
CO2 (g) + 3H2 (g) → CH3OH (g) + H2O (g)
Fresh feed containing 660 mol/s CO, 260 mol/s CO2, 2200 mol/s H2, and 50 mol/s
inert is mixed with a recycle stream before feeding to a reactor. The feed to the
reactor contains 11 mol% inert. A distillation train separates the components of the
reactor effluent: the product methanol is withdrawn, water is removed, the
remaining gas stream consisting of CO, CO2, H2 and 15 mol% inert is recycled to
mix with the fresh feed before charging to the reactor. In order to prevent the
buildup of inert in the system, a purge stream is withdrawn from the recycle. The
production rate of CH3OH is 870 mol/s.
(a) Draw and label a flowchart of the entire process.

(3 marks)
(b) Calculate the overall conversion of CO, the overall conversion of CO 2 and the
single pass conversion of H2 in the reactor.
(17 marks)
Q2.
A steam power plant operates on the reheat Rankine cycle. Steam enters the high-
pressure turbine at 20 MPa and 600°C and leaves at 3.0 MPa. Steam is then reheated
at constant pressure in the low-pressure turbine and exits with a moisture content
of 15%. The pump and turbines are isentropic. Steam leaves the condenser as a
saturated liquid at a pressure of 10 kPa. The mass flow rate of steam is 35 kg/s.
Determine the thermal efficiency of the cycle and the total power output from the 2
turbines.
(20 marks)

Page 59
Q3.
A large wall has two layers. The outer layer has a thickness 5 cm and is made of
firebrick (thermal conductivity, k = 0.1 W/m·K). The inner layer has a thickness of
1 cm and is made of insulating brick (k = 1.5 W/m·K). The surface of the outer layer
is exposed to hot air at 100 ºC with a convective heat transfer coefficient of 10
W/m2·K. The inner surface is exposed to cool air at 10 ºC with a convective heat
transfer coefficient of 3 W/m2·K. Calculate the rate of heat transfer across the
thickness of the wall.
(20 marks)
Q4.
A pharmaceutical company is considering a process change from batch
manufacturing to continuous manufacturing using mostly existing resources. You as
the lead process engineer is supposed to carry out a feasibility study and advise the
management for a go/no-go decision. The following are the salient process details:
The production process is based on a 1st order liquid phase reaction carried out to
95% completion. Presently this is done in a large 100 L stirred tank reactor. The
reaction time to achieve 95% conversion in this reactor is 20h. 4h of turnaround is
however needed in between the batches. Feed from the supplier is available at the
strength of 1 mole/Litre.
(20 marks)
Q5.
CO2 capture and concentration from post-combustion power plant flue gas is a
problem of urgent importance. In Singapore, 85% of the electricity is produced from
natural gas, which produces flue gas with relatively low CO2 concentration (5-6%
versus up to 15 % in coal fired power plants). Other components of flue gas are O2,
N2 and moisture. We assume that the flue gas contains 5 mole% CO 2, 10 mole%
and 85 mole% N2. Other relevant information: (i) a 500 MW natural gas based power
plant emits 6500 tonnes/day of CO2, (ii) 1 tonne = 1000 kg, (iii) molecular weight
of CO2 is 44, (iv) molecular weight of N2 is 28 (v) molecular weight of water is 10,
and (vi) gas constant, Rg = 8.314 J/mol K = 82.05 atm cc/mol K.
Design a packed bed absorption process for capturing 90% CO 2 from the flue gas
of a 500 MW natural gas fired power plant in Singapore. You may assume that the
solvent/reagent undergoes very fast reaction with CO2 such that the reagent
concentration may be adjusted to completely eliminate the liquid side mass transfer
resistance. As an approximation, you may assume that gas side mass transfer
coefficient, 𝑘𝑔 = 0.2 cm/s and the area to absorber volume ratio (𝑎) of the packing
used is 2 cm2/cm3. Length to diameter ratio of the absorber should not be more
than 3. Make reasonable assumptions including operating superficial gas velocity (𝑢)
and state them clearly. For a gas side controlled absorption process, absorber length
𝑢 𝑦
is given by 𝐿 = 𝑘 𝑎 𝑙𝑛 𝑦 𝑖𝑛 where 𝑦 is the mole fraction of the absorbable component.
𝑔 𝑜𝑢𝑡
(20 marks)

Page 60
Q6.
Recycle
Compressor
Fresh Gas Recycle
Hydrogen
Furnace PFR
Fresh Outlet
Toluene
Total PFR
HX PFR Purge
Feed Toluene Inlet
Pump Purge Valve
Separator
Cooler
Recycle Toluene
Recycle Pump
Benzene Product Fuel Gas
Toluene Benzene
Column Stabilizer
Column
Diphenyl
Figure Q6: Process flow diagram for toluene hydrodealkylation process

to produce benzene. Separator is a flash distillation unit. Toluene
column, benzene column and stabilizer are multistage distillation
columns with condenser and reboiler.
In the process flow diagram in Figure Q6, hydrogen and toluene are converted into
benzene in the vapour reactor (PFR), with methane and diphenyl as by-products.
The effluent from the adiabatic reactor is quenched with liquid from the separator.
The separation section comprising three multi-stage distillation columns purifies the
benzene product and recovers and recycles unreacted toluene. The partial
condenser in the stabilizer unit removes any remaining hydrogen and methane gas
from the liquid components. The toluene column bottoms is almost pure stream of
diphenyl by-product formed in the reactor.
The benzene producing reaction is exothermic. Feed hydrogen-to-aromatics ratio to

the reactor must be at least 5:1. The reactor inlet temperature is 1150°F, and
maximum permissible temperature is 1300°F. Reactor effluent gas is quenched to
1150°F
You are in charge of designing a plant wide control system for the process shown
in Figure 1. Discuss your control system design philosophy, and identify the
controlled and manipulated variables.
(20 marks)

Page 61
Q7.
You are asked to develop a process to mix two separate feeds (F1 and F2) into one
single product stream. F1 is a pure water stream available at 100 kg/s, 150 kPa, and
40 C. F2 is 80:20 wt% ethanol:water stream available at 150 kg/s, 250 kPa, and 95
C. The process should deliver the product stream at 500 kPa and exactly 50 C.
Assume the three stream pressures are fixed by the upstream and downstream
processes.
(a) The normal boiling points of water and ethanol are 100 C and 78 C
respectively. Describe the main steps of a procedure you can use to
determine if F2 is a liquid, vapour, or vapour-liquid stream. What data will
you need? What tool will you use?
(b) Propose and schematically draw two plausible alternate (different) PFDs
(Process Flow Diagrams) for the process. The PFDs must show all the units
(including any major valves) and utilities (if any) with equipment types,
labels, and reasonable symbols. Indicate only those process conditions you
can compute or estimate.
(c) State roughly which factors will you consider and how you would evaluate
the two PFDs to select one of them.
(20 marks)

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Professional Engineers Registration Examination

professional engineers board Singapore

Professional Engineers Registration Examination

Information for Applicants

Annex A: FORMAT AND SYLLABUS, READING LISTS AND

I Fundamentals Of Engineering Examination (Civil)……………………………..5

II Fundamentals Of Engineering Examination (Electrical)…………………….24

III Fundamentals Of Engineering Examination (Mechanical)………………….39

IV Fundamentals of Engineering Examination (Chemical) …………………….51

Professional Engineers Registration Examination FEE 2025

Professional Engineers Registration Examination

The Professional Engineers Board registers professional engineers in the branches of

2 ELIGIBILITY TO SIT FOR EXAMINATION

The Fundamentals of Engineering Examination tests an applicant’s knowledge of

Professional Engineers Registration Examination FEE 2025

The dates for the Fundamentals of Engineering Examination 2025 are:

a) Civil Engineering - To be confirmed.

Details of the venue would be given to successful applicants at a later date.

Application and payment shall be made online at PEB website

A summary of the structure of the Fundamentals of Engineering Examination is shown

Subjects Time Allocated Format

FEE Part 2 • Answer 5 out of 9

* includes 10 minutes for reading the exam questions, etc.

Professional Engineers Registration Examination FEE 2025

8 FINAL RESULTS AND NOTIFICATION

Examination results will be given to candidates on a Pass/Fail basis. No examination

12 REQUEST FOR ACCOMODATION

Professional Engineers Registration Examination FEE 2025

Annex A: FORMAT AND SYLLABUS, READING LISTS AND

I Fundamentals Of Engineering Examination (Civil)

The examination will focus on testing the fundamentals of civil engineering.

• FEE Part 1 (Civil) (3 hours & 10 mins) – 40 MCQ questions

▪ CE 101 Mechanics of Materials

• FEE Part 2 (Civil) (3 hours & 10 mins) – 5 out of 9 questions

▪ CE 201 Reinforced and Prestressed Concrete Structures (2 Qs)

• CE 101 Mechanics of Materials

Professional Engineers Registration Examination FEE 2025

• CE 102 Structural Mechanics

• CE 103 Structural Analysis

• CE 104 Soil Mechanics

▪ Basic geology, unified soil classification system, mechanical

• CE 105 Fluid Mechanics

Professional Engineers Registration Examination FEE 2025

• CE 201 Reinforced and Prestressed Concrete Structures

▪ Prestressed Concrete Design

• CE 202 Steel Structures

• CE 203 Geotechnical Engineering

▪ Slope Stability and Earth Retaining Structures

Professional Engineers Registration Examination FEE 2025

• CE 205 Hydraulics and Hydrology

• CE 206 Environmental Engineering

Professional Engineers Registration Examination FEE 2025

Recommended Reading List for Civil Engineering

FEE Part 1 (Civil)

CE120 Structural Mechanics

CE103 Structural Analysis

CE104 Soil Mechanics

CE105 Fluid Mechanics

FEE Part 2 (Civil)