5G NR FUNDAMENTALS

AGENDA

1 ROAD TO 5G NEW RADIO (NR)

2 5G NETWORK ARCHITECTURE

3 5G KEY TECHNOLOGY

4 5G CHANNELISATION

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 AGENDA

1 ROAD TO 5G NEW RADIO (NR)

5G Driving Factor

5G Driving Services

5G Roadmap

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 DRIVING FACTOR

DIVERSE SERVICES DIVERSE SPECTRUM DIVERSE DEPLOYMENT

Scalability to address an Getting the most out of a From macro to indoor
extreme variation of wide array of spectrum hotspots with support for
requirements bands diverse technology

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 DRIVING SERVICES

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 ROADMAP

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Release 15 (R15) vs Release 16 (R16)

Satisfy eMBB Universal Demands Focus on Diversified Requirements

Peak Data User Experienced Peak Data Rate User Experienced
Rate Data Rate Data Rate

Area Traffic Spectrum Spectrum

Capacity R15 Efficiency
Area Traffic Capacity
R16 Efficiency

Network Network
Mobility Mobility
Energy Energy
Efficiency Efficiency
Connection Latency & Connection Latency &
Density Density Reliability
Reliability

eMBB FWA eMBB FWA uRLLC mMTC

NR Framework R15 NR Improvement

• New Multiple Access
R16 Vertical
• Waveform & Channel Coding Digitalization
• Frame Structure, Numerology
Architecture • eMBB Enhancement • uRLLC
• UL&DL Decoupling • Self-Backhaul • mMTC
• Native MIMO
• CU-DU Split • D2D/ V2X
• Flexible Duplex
Spectrum
Others: uRLLC • Unlicensed
Spectrum • Up to 100GHz
11 • 600MHz to 52.6GHz
 AGENDA

2 5G NETWORK ARCHITECTURE

Non Stand Alone (NSA) Acrhitecture

Stand Alone (SA) Acrhitecture

Interworking & Multi Conectivity

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 AMF Access and Mobility management Function
SMF Session Management Function
AUSF Authentication Server Function

NETWORK ARCHITECTURE PCF Policy Control Function

UDM Unified Data Management function
UPF User Plane Function
DN Data Network

Present architecture Simplified 5G architecture

mobile network architecture has been 3GPP has decided that all control plane network
defined as point to point (ptp) functions must use service based interface for
interactions within control plane (except for N1, N2,
13 N3, N4)
 ARCHITECTURE & KEY PROTOCOLS

Simplified 5G architecture AMF Access and Mobility management Function

HTTP
SMF Session Management Function
AUSF Authentication Server Function
NEF NRF PCF UDM AF
PCF Policy Control Function
Nnef Nnrf Npcf Nudm Naf UDM Unified Data Management function
UPF User Plane Function
Nausf Namf Nsmf
DN = Data Network
AUSF AMF SMF DSF

5G NAS PFCP or ”5G PFCP”

N1 N2 N4
NGAP
Protocol selections for repositories is NOT
GTP-U
done (towards UDM and DSF)
NG AN UPF Data
N3 N6 network
GTP-U =GPRS Tunnelling Protocol User Plane
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PFCP = Packet Forwarding Control Protocol
NGAP = NG Application Protocol
 NETWORK ARCHITECTURE : NSA VS SA

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NETWORK EVOLUTION

NSA (Non Standalone) SA (Standalone)

EPC EPC NG CORE

S1 S1 NG-C NG-U

LTE 5G NR
LTE 5G NR

Control plane Control plane

User plane User plane

• Focus on eMBB • eMBB/uRLLC/mMTC and network slicing

• LTE as anchor, reuse current EPC, 5G NR quick • New Core required
introduction • High requirement for 5G NR coverage
• Less requirement for 5G NR coverage
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CU-DU Split Architecture Defined by 3GPP

Core

RRC
Option 1
CU PDCP
Option 2
RLC-H
Option 3
RLC-L
Option 4
3GPP TSG-WG3 Meeting #95-bis MAC-H
DU Option 5
Spokane, USA, 3-7 Apr 2017. MAC-L
Option 6
PHY-H
Option 7
R3-171306 PHY-L
Option 8
RF

RAN3 has decided to select Option 2 (based on centralised PDCP/RRC and distributed
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RLC/MAC/PHY) for normative work in Release 15.
 NON-STANDALONE (NSA) VS STANDALONE (SA)
Non-standalone (NSA) Standalone (SA)

Core and new LTE core (EPC) first. Later 5G New 5G core enables new 5G
services core with Option 4 (or 7). services
Aggregate LTE + 5G data rates
Data rate Aggregate 5G bands together
together
Functionality when Dual connectivity enables Handover or redirection from
out of 5G seamless 5G – LTE mobility 5G to LTE
Power divided LTE vs 5G which
Uplink coverage All power available for 5G
impacts 5G coverage
Two transmitters required in
Device complexity Single transmitter in device
device: to 5G and to LTE
Voice in 5G or fallback to VoLTE
Voice VoLTE in LTE
in LTE
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 DATAFLOW NSA OPTION 3 FAMILY (3,3A,3x)

NR PDCP NR PDCP

NR PDCP NR PDCP

• PDCP split on LTE BBU Static offload without RAN status • PDCP split on NR BBU
19 • Limited data peak rate awareness • No impact on legacy LTE
• Needs HW expansion • Dynamic traffic offload
INTERWORKING & MULTI-CONECTIVITY
3GPP expected to have tight interworking between LTE and 5G

•First phase in many cases to rely on

dual connectivity with LTE-anchor
on lower band

• The more important, the higher

5G band one is discussing.

Option 3.x

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INTERWORKING & MULTI-CONECTIVITY
Voice Support with NSA and SA Options

Non-standalone with EPC Standalone with 5G core

Option 3x | LTE+NR under EPC Option 2 | SA NR under 5GC

EPC EPC 5G core

VoLTE Data 2)VoLTE 1)Voice in 5G

LTE 5G LTE 5G

Two bearers
• VoLTE bearer to LTE, if no Two options
21 VoLTE use CSFB 1) Voice support in 5G
• Data bearer to 5G 2) Voice fallback to LTE
 AGENDA

3 5G KEY TECHNOLOGY

Scalable OFDM

Flexible Slot

Advanced Channel Coding

Massive MIMO & Beamforming

Mobile mm-Wave

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 3GPP Rel 15 Key Design Features

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 3GPP Rel 15 Key Design Features
Scalable OFDM – Numerology & Frame

The basic PRB structure is the

same – 12 subcarriers and 14
OFDM symbols.
The numerology defines the
frequency/time span of an
individual Resource Element,
and in consequence, PRB.

• 15 kHz spacing – good for wide area

coverage
• 30/60 kHz spacing – dense urban
deployments, low latency, wide carrier
bandwidth
24• 60 kHz or higher – for bands above 10 GHz 1 subframe = 1 ms
 3GPP Rel 15 Key Design Features
Scalable OFDM – Numerology & Frame

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 3GPP Rel 15 Key Design Features
Scalable OFDM – Numerology & Frame

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 3GPP Rel 15 Key Design Features
Scalable OFDM – Numerology & Frame

Numerlogy Subcarrier OFDM Symbol Cyclic Prefix OFDM Symbol

() Spacing (Khz) Duration (s) Duration (s) including CP (s) 14 OFDM symbols per slot
0 15 66.67 4.69 71.35 With mini-slot (2,4,7 symbols) for
1 30 33.33 2.34 35.68
2 60 16.67 1.17 17.84 shorter transmission
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3 120 8.33 0.57 8.92
4 240 4.17 0.29 4.46
 3GPP Rel 15 Key Design Features
Scalable OFDM – Numerology & Frame

Radio frame 𝑛 Radio frame 𝑛 + 1

(120KHz, 80 subframes) (120KHz, 80 subframes)

PSS  Used for beam training, timing and frequency synchronization

SSS  Used for beam training, timing and frequency synchronization

 Contains system information block containing essential information for initial
PBCH
access
PRACH  Random access, scheduling request
PUCCH/PUSCH/
 Uplink/ Downlink control and data channels
PDCCH/PDSCH
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 3GPP Rel 15 Key Design Features
Scalable OFDM – Numerology & Frame

LTE 5MHz 10MHz 15MHz 20MHz

Subcarrier Spacing 15kHz
#PRBs 25 50 75 100
#Subcarriers 300 600 900 1200
BW occupancy (%) 90 90 90 90

5G
Bandwidth [MHz] 5 10 15 20 25 5 10 15 20 25 10 15 20 25
Subcarrier Spacing 15kHz 30kHz 60kHz
#PRBs 25 52 79 106 133 11 24 38 51 65 11 18 24 31
#Subcarriers 300 624 948 1272 1596 132 288 456 612 780 123 216 288 372
BW occupancy (%) 90 93.6 94.8 95.4 95.76 79.2 86.4 91.2 91.8 93.6 79.2 86.4 86.4 89.28

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Tentative numbers from 3GPP, both uplink and downlink
 3GPP Rel 15 Key Design Features
Scalable OFDM – Numerology & Frame

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 3GPP Rel 15 Key Design Features
Scalable OFDM – Numerology & Frame
Calculate the DL throughput peak possible throughput per user and per cell for following carrier
bandwidths and assumptions each scenario assuming perfect radio conditions and max coding
rate of 0.93
• 20MHz (256QAM, 4x4 MIMO UE support, eNB 4t4r MU-MIMO)
• 100MHz (256QAM, 4x4 MIMO UE support, eNB 64t64r with 16layers MU-MIMO)

#𝑠𝑦𝑚𝑏𝑜𝑙𝑝𝑒𝑟𝑠𝑙𝑜𝑡 × #𝑜𝑓𝑠𝑢𝑏𝑐𝑎𝑟𝑟𝑖𝑒𝑟𝑠𝑝𝑒𝑟𝑠𝑙𝑜𝑡
𝐷𝑎𝑡𝑎𝑟𝑎𝑡𝑒 𝑏𝑝𝑠 = × #𝑏𝑖𝑡𝑝𝑒𝑟𝑠𝑦𝑚𝑏𝑜𝑙 × #𝑐𝑜𝑑𝑖𝑛𝑔𝑟𝑎𝑡𝑒
#𝑠𝑙𝑜𝑡𝑑𝑢𝑟𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛
12 × 1272
𝐷𝑎𝑡𝑎𝑟𝑎𝑡𝑒 𝑏𝑝𝑠 = × 8 × 0.93 = 113.546 𝑀𝑏𝑝𝑠, 𝑤𝑖𝑡ℎ 4𝑥4 𝑀𝐼𝑀𝑂 𝑏𝑒𝑐𝑜𝑚𝑒 113.54 × 4 = 454.3 𝑀𝑏𝑝𝑠
1
1000

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 3GPP Rel 15 Key Design Features
Flexible Slot Based Framework

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 3GPP Rel 15 Key Design Features
Flexible Slot Based Framework

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 3GPP Rel 15 Key Design Features
Flexible Slot Based Framework

Benefit : Faster, More flexible TDD Switching and turn around than 4G LTE
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 3GPP Rel 15 Key Design Features
Flexible Slot Based Framework – examples showcase

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 3GPP Rel 15 Key Design Features
Advanced Channel Coding

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 3GPP Rel 15 Key Design Features
Advanced Channel Coding

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 3GPP Rel 15 Key Design Features
Advanced Channel Coding

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 3GPP Rel 15 Key Design Features
Advanced Channel Coding

Advanced ME-LDPC ( Multi Edge – Low Density Parity Check) channel coding is more
efficient than LTE Turbo code at data rates
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 3GPP Rel 15 Key Design Features
Massive MIMO Benefits:
• Enhance Coverage  High gain adaptive
……
(M-1,0) (M-1,1) (M-1,N-1)

beamforming

……

……

……
……

…… • Enhance Capacity  High order spatial

(1,0) (1,1) (1,N-1)
multiplexing (MU-MIMO)
……

(0,0) (0,1) (0,N-1)

Relevance to 5G:
• Higher frequencies (>>6GHz) have poor
path loss conditions
 Coverage-enhancing solutions become
essential
• Lower frequencies (<6GHz) are more
interference limited
 Capacity-enhancing solutions become
essential

Massive MIMO, 3D MIMO, FD MIMO, …

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are talking about similar technology in general
 3GPP Rel 15 Key Design Features
mmWave

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 3GPP Rel 15 Key Design Features
mmWave

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