Session-I: 30-07-2024

Demo on Exf Digital Components in IOT

Exf Digital Components & IOT- Internet Of Things

Synopsis or Abstract:

Topics & Discussions on Smart Devices in Transportation's , OEM’s,Gadgets, etc..,

Required Awareness on Applications:

Topics on : How to Configure applications & ,Installations,Alternatives requires.

When deploying applications, it's crucial to understand the various aspects of how they operate and are
managed. This includes configurations, installations, and knowing the alternatives available.

DataBases Tools

 Docker (Images)  Git

 AWS Instance  Prefect WorkFlow
 MongoDB & MongoDB Atlas  Dask
 PostgreSQL  GraphQL
Overview Flow Chart on the process:

Involved steps in brief:

 Data is processed through certain inbuilt ,

Protocols------>Servers ------>API’s{Kafka/Robbit MQ’s}tools----->Finally to our platform(EXF DIGITAL’s).

Note:
 Platform Screen  Exf Digitals supports to build a
Pipeline to the IOT/Projects
that we deal.
 {{ Our platform uses existing
Platform screen /In-built functionality-
through Specified
Adapters }}.

Sources& Targets:

Sources: AWS in the format of CSV/EXCEL/PDF’s ,by steps of parsing ,

Target as Postgresql.
ExfDigital Components & Blocks :

Defined Enhanced based Model as per Requirements from clients:

System to system---->EXF Tool ----->uses ETL Process for(Extraction & Transformation) using automation process and
optimizing the Interface & platform which seems to be mentioned below,

Key features of ExfDigitals:

a) Source data loading: Seamlessly analyze and integrate both structured and unstructured raw data. ExfDigitals
ensures your data is accessible and ready for further processing.
 b) Metadata Matching: Employing the power of AI and Natural Language Processing (NLP), ExfDigital enables
efficient data matching. It intelligently scores the matching results and presents a side-by-side comparison,
empowering you to make well-informed decisions.
c) Codeless transformation: Empower your data Subject Matter Experts (SMEs) to easily build logic using a multiple-
sources-to-target approach. ExfDigital simplifies the process by eliminating the need for extensive coding, making it
effortless to transform and manipulate data. Additionally, the platform offers versioned gold copies, allowing you to
track and manage transformation rules effectively.

Session-II: 31-07-2024

IOT Devices

Why IoT is Used Nowadays

The Internet of Things (IoT) has become increasingly popular due to its ability to connect various devices, enabling them to
collect and exchange data. This interconnected ecosystem offers numerous benefits, including:

1. Automation and Control: IoT allows for remote monitoring and control of devices, enhancing efficiency and
convenience.

2. Data Collection and Analysis: IoT devices generate large volumes of data that can be analyzed to gain insights,
optimize processes, and improve decision-making.

3. Enhanced Customer Experiences: IoT enables personalized and proactive customer service, improving overall user
satisfaction.

4. Cost Savings: By automating processes and optimizing resource usage, IoT can lead to significant cost reductions in
various industries.

5. Innovation: IoT fosters innovation by enabling the creation of new products, services, and business models.

What are IoT Devices?

IoT devices are physical objects equipped with sensors, software, and other technologies that enable them to connect to and
exchange data with other devices and systems over the internet. These devices range from everyday household items like smart
thermostats and wearable fitness trackers to industrial equipment like smart sensors and autonomous vehicles.

How IoT Works

IoT systems typically consist of four main components:

1. Sensors/Devices: These collect data from the environment (e.g., temperature, motion, humidity).
2. Connectivity: The collected data is transmitted to the cloud or a local server via various communication protocols.
3. Data Processing: The data is processed, either locally or in the cloud, to derive meaningful information.
 4. User Interface: The processed data is presented to users through an application or dashboard, allowing them to
monitor and control the devices.

Protocols Involved in IoT

Several communication protocols are commonly used in IoT systems:

1. MQTT (Message Queuing Telemetry Transport): A lightweight messaging protocol ideal for devices with limited
bandwidth and power.

2. HTTP/HTTPS: Standard web protocols used for data transmission over the internet.
3. CoAP (Constrained Application Protocol): A protocol designed for low-power devices, enabling efficient
communication.

4. LoRaWAN (Long Range Wide Area Network): A low-power, long-range protocol used for communication over
long distances.

5. Zigbee: A low-power, short-range protocol commonly used in home automation systems.

6. Bluetooth: A short-range wireless protocol used for connecting nearby devices.

How They Connect: Perspective of a Software Engineer in an IT Industry

As a software engineer, working with IoT involves designing and developing applications that can interface with IoT devices,
collect and process data, and provide user interfaces for monitoring and control. Key responsibilities include:

1. Integration: Ensuring seamless integration of IoT devices with existing systems and software, often requiring
knowledge of different communication protocols and APIs.

2. Data Management: Implementing data storage solutions and optimizing data flow between devices, servers, and
applications.

3. Security: Ensuring the security of data and devices through encryption, authentication, and other security measures.
4. Scalability: Designing systems that can scale to accommodate a growing number of devices and data
volume.Scalable systems are built to handle an influx of users, devices, and data without a significant drop in
performance. This includes implementing efficient data processing pipelines, optimizing resource allocation, and
ensuring that software components can operate independently and in parallel. Scalability is crucial for future-proofing
applications.

5. User Experience: Developing intuitive user interfaces and applications that provide users with easy access to device
data and controls.

LORAWAN & Alternatives of LORAWAN Network:

 A low-power, long-range protocol used for communication over long distances.

While LoRaWAN is a popular choice for long-range, low-power IoT networks, there are several alternative technologies and protocols

that can be used depending on the specific requirements of an application. Some notable alternatives include:

1. NB-IoT (Narrowband IoT)

  Description: A low-power wide-area network (LPWAN) technology that operates within cellular networks, offering deep
coverage, low power consumption, and support for a massive number of devices.

 Advantages: Good coverage in urban and rural areas, secure connectivity through cellular networks, global reach.

 Use Cases: Smart metering, asset tracking, environmental monitoring.

2. Sigfox

 Description: A global LPWAN network designed for very low power consumption and long-range communication. It uses
ultra-narrowband technology to provide connectivity.

 Advantages: Extremely low power consumption, low cost, global network availability.

 Use Cases: Asset tracking, logistics, smart agriculture.

3. LTE-M (LTE Cat-M1)

 Description: A cellular technology designed for IoT applications, offering low power consumption and low latency. It is a
part of the 4G LTE standard and is compatible with existing LTE networks.

 Advantages: Low latency, supports voice and mobility, good coverage.

 Use Cases: Wearables, asset tracking, healthcare monitoring.

4. Zigbee

 Description: A short-range wireless technology that operates on the IEEE 802.15.4 standard. It is designed for low power
consumption and is commonly used in mesh network configurations.

 Advantages: Low power, low cost, reliable mesh networking.

 Use Cases: Home automation, smart lighting, industrial monitoring.

5. Z-Wave

 Description: A wireless communication protocol primarily used for home automation. It operates in the sub-1 GHz frequency
range and offers low power consumption.

 Advantages: Interoperability, ease of installation, reliable mesh networking.

 Use Cases: Home automation, security systems, smart appliances.

6. BLE (Bluetooth Low Energy)

 Description: A wireless technology standard designed for short-range communication with low power consumption. It is
widely used in consumer electronics.

 Advantages: Low power, widely supported in consumer devices, high data rates.

 Use Cases: Wearables, proximity sensing, health monitoring.

7. RPMA (Random Phase Multiple Access)

 Description: A proprietary LPWAN technology developed by Ingenu, designed for long-range communication and high
network capacity.

 Advantages: High capacity, long range, secure communication.

  Use Cases: Utility metering, smart cities, oil and gas monitoring.

8. Wi-Fi HaLow

 Description: An extension of the Wi-Fi standard that operates in the sub-1 GHz frequency band, providing longer range and
lower power consumption.

 Advantages: Long range, high data rates, compatibility with existing Wi-Fi networks.

 Use Cases: Smart home, industrial IoT, agriculture.

Each of these technologies has its own strengths and is suited to different applications depending on factors like range, power

consumption, data rate, and network topology. The choice of technology often depends on the specific requirements of the IoT

application, such as coverage area, battery life, data transmission needs, and cost.

Session-III: 01-08-2024

In dept concept on Structured flow & Use-cases on IOT

Structured Approach to understand & Implementing solutions in a business or technical context:

· Domain: The specific industry or field, like healthcare , finance ,retail or manufacturing, focused on understanding the
business context and addressing specific problems.

· Application: The specific software solution addressing needs within the domain, such as a patient management system or
telemedicine app,inventory management system or customer relationship management (CRM) tool

· Technology: The tools and frameworks used to build the application, like Python for backend , PostgreSQL ,JavaScript,
MySQL , and Docker, Graphql, Mongodb,AWS. for the database, and React , for the frontend.

Key Components and Requirements for Building Application :

To build application ,
Requirements are ETL Process like data Integration tool.
Data Storages required for Source & Target for Analytics purpose.

ETL Process (Extract, Transform, Load):

1. Extract: The process of collecting data from various sources, such as databases, APIs, flat files, or cloud
services. The extraction process needs to support different data formats and protocols.
2. Transform: The data transformation stage includes data cleaning, validation, normalization, aggregation, and
applying business rules. This step ensures that the data is accurate, consistent, and in the desired format.
3. Load: The final step involves loading the transformed data into a target storage system, such as a data
warehouse, for analytics and reporting.
Data Sources:

1. Databases: Relational (e.g., MySQL, PostgreSQL, SQL Server) or NoSQL (e.g., MongoDB, Cassandra)
databases containing transactional or operational data.
2. APIs: RESTful or SOAP APIs providing data from external applications or services.
3. Files: CSV, Excel, JSON, or XML files stored locally or in cloud storage.

Data Transformation Tools:

1. Informatica: A comprehensive ETL tool offering data integration, quality, and governance features.
2. Alternatives: Other ETL tools like Talend, Apache Nifi, Microsoft SSIS, or cloud-based ETL services like AWS
Glue or Google Cloud Dataflow.

Data Storage for Source and Target:

1. Source Storage: The initial storage locations for raw data. This could include databases, data lakes, or cloud
storage (e.g., Amazon S3, Google Cloud Storage).
2. Target Storage: The final destination for transformed data, optimized for analytics and reporting. Options include:
3. Data Warehouses: Such as Amazon Redshift, Google BigQuery, Snowflake, or Microsoft Azure Synapse.
4. Data Lakes: For storing large volumes of raw and unstructured data, using technologies like Apache Hadoop or
cloud-native solutions.
5. Hybrid Solutions: Combining data lakes and data warehouses to leverage the strengths of both.

Data Analytics and Reporting:

1. BI Tools: Tools like Tableau, Power BI, Looker, or Qlik to visualize and analyze the data.
2. Machine Learning: Utilizing data for predictive analytics using frameworks like TensorFlow, PyTorch, or cloud-
based AI/ML services.

Scalability and Performance:

1. Data Volume: Planning for the expected volume of data and ensuring the system can handle growth.
2. Data Velocity: Managing the speed at which data is ingested, processed, and made available for analytics.
3. Infrastructure: Choosing between on-premises, cloud, or hybrid infrastructure based on scalability, cost, and
performance needs.

Data Governance and Security:

1. Data Quality: Ensuring data accuracy, completeness, and consistency throughout the ETL process.
2. Data Privacy: Implementing measures to protect sensitive data, comply with regulations (e.g., GDPR,
CCPA), and manage access control.

Monitoring and Maintenance:

 1. System Monitoring: Tools for monitoring ETL processes, data pipelines, and storage systems to ensure smooth
operations.
2. Data Lineage and Auditing: Tracking the flow of data from source to target to maintain transparency and
traceability.

Examples of LORAWAN
LoRaWAN (Long Range Wide Area Network) is a wireless communication protocol designed for long-range, low-power IoT
devices. It's commonly used in various applications that require long-range communication and low energy consumption. Here
are some examples of LoRaWAN applications:

Smart Agriculture:

Soil Moisture Sensors: LoRaWAN-enabled soil moisture sensors can monitor soil conditions and provide real-time data to
farmers, optimizing irrigation and crop management.
Weather Stations: Remote weather stations can use LoRaWAN to send data on temperature, humidity, and other conditions,
helping farmers make informed decisions.

***Smart Cities:

Street Lighting: LoRaWAN can be used to monitor and control street lights, optimizing energy consumption based on real-time
conditions.
Waste Management: Smart bins equipped with LoRaWAN sensors can monitor fill levels and optimize waste collection routes.

Smart Metering:

Water and Gas Meters: LoRaWAN-enabled meters can remotely report usage data, helping utility companies monitor
consumption and detect leaks or faults.
Electricity Meters: Similarly, smart electricity meters can provide real-time data, enabling better energy management and billing.

Environmental Monitoring:

Air Quality Sensors: LoRaWAN can be used to monitor air quality in urban areas, providing data on pollution levels and
helping to implement environmental regulations.
Wildlife Tracking: LoRaWAN-enabled GPS trackers can be attached to animals to monitor their movements and study their
behavior.

Asset Tracking:

Logistics and Supply Chain: LoRaWAN can be used to track the location and status of goods during transportation, ensuring
timely deliveries and reducing losses.
Equipment Monitoring: Companies can use LoRaWAN to monitor the condition and usage of machinery and equipment,
scheduling maintenance and preventing downtime.
Smart Buildings:

HVAC Control: LoRaWAN sensors can monitor temperature and humidity in buildings, optimizing heating, ventilation, and air
conditioning systems.
Access Control: LoRaWAN can be used for secure access control systems, allowing remote monitoring and management of entry
points.

Agricultural Drones:

Crop Monitoring: Drones equipped with LoRaWAN can collect data on crop health and growth, providing valuable insights for
precision agriculture.
These examples demonstrate the versatility of LoRaWAN in various industries, enabling efficient, real-time communication over
long distances with minimal power consumption.

USE CASES ON Smart Energy meter: 1 :

IoT technology plays a crucial role in the development of smart cities, enhancing urban infrastructure, improving the quality of life for

residents, and optimizing resource use. Below are some key use cases of IoT in smart cities and how they work:

1. Smart Traffic Management

 How It Works: IoT sensors and cameras are deployed at intersections and along roads to monitor traffic flow, vehicle speed,
and congestion. Data collected is analyzed in real-time to optimize traffic signal timings, reduce congestion, and provide real-

time traffic updates to drivers via mobile apps or digital signboards. Additionally, smart traffic lights can prioritize emergency

vehicles, reducing response times.

2. Smart Street Lighting

  How It Works: Smart streetlights equipped with IoT sensors can automatically adjust brightness based on the presence of
pedestrians or vehicles, daylight levels, and weather conditions. These lights can be controlled remotely, allowing for dynamic

lighting schedules. They can also detect faults and report maintenance needs, reducing energy consumption and maintenance

costs.

USE CASES ON Smart Cities: 2 :

How smart PCities work in IOT Projects:DataFlow

A smart parking meter is an advanced version of traditional parking meters that leverages IoT technology to provide a more efficient

and user-friendly parking experience. Here's an overview of how smart parking meters work and their benefits:

How It Works

Sensors and Detection:

1. Parking Sensors: Embedded sensors detect the presence of vehicles in parking spaces. These sensors can be installed in or

above the parking spot and use technologies such as magnetic, ultrasonic, or infrared to identify whether a space is

occupied.

2. Integration with Meters: Smart meters may also include sensors to monitor and manage the payment status of each

parking space.

Data Collection and Transmission:

1. Real-Time Data: The sensors collect real-time data on the availability of parking spaces and the duration of occupancy.

This data is transmitted to a central system or cloud platform via wireless networks.

2. Payment Information: Smart parking meters can record and transmit information on parking fees, payment status, and

violations.

User Interface:

1. Mobile Apps: Drivers can use mobile apps to find available parking spaces, receive notifications about parking status, and

make payments. Some systems also allow for extending parking time remotely.

2. Digital Displays: Meters may feature digital displays showing available spaces, time limits, and payment instructions.

Some systems offer payment via credit/debit cards, mobile wallets, or contactless payment methods.

Management and Optimization:

1. Dynamic Pricing: Based on real-time demand and availability, smart parking systems can implement dynamic pricing,

adjusting rates to optimize space utilization and manage demand.

2. Analytics and Reporting: Data collected from smart meters is analyzed to understand parking patterns, optimize space

allocation, and plan for future infrastructure needs.

Enforcement and Maintenance:

 1. Automated Enforcement: Smart meters can alert enforcement officers to expired or improperly paid parking sessions,

improving compliance and reducing the need for manual checks.

2. Fault Detection: The system can also detect and report maintenance issues with parking meters, such as malfunctioning

sensors or payment problems.

Benefits

1. Convenience: Drivers can easily find available parking spaces and make payments through mobile apps or digital

interfaces, reducing the hassle of finding and paying for parking.

2. Efficiency: Real-time data helps in optimizing space utilization, reducing congestion caused by drivers searching for

parking.

3. Revenue Management: Dynamic pricing and efficient enforcement increase revenue and ensure fair pricing based on

demand.

4. Reduced Emissions: By minimizing the time spent searching for parking, smart meters contribute to lower vehicle

emissions and less traffic congestion.

5. Enhanced Data Insights: Data analytics provides valuable insights into parking patterns, helping city planners make

informed decisions and improve urban infrastructure.

Gateways:
What is a Gateway?

A gateway is a device or software that connects different networks or communication protocols, facilitating data exchange and

interoperability between systems. It translates data between different formats or standards, enabling seamless communication across

diverse devices and networks.

How Does a Gateway Work?

  Protocol Translation: Converts data between different communication protocols (e.g., MQTT to HTTP).

 Data Aggregation: Collects and consolidates data from multiple sources before forwarding it.

 Network Bridging: Connects different types of networks (e.g., IoT networks to the internet).

 Local Processing: Performs preliminary data processing to reduce the load on central servers.

 Security: Manages encryption and authentication to protect data.

Why Are Gateways Important?

 Interoperability: Enables devices with different protocols or standards to work together.

 Scalability: Facilitates the growth of networks by managing multiple devices and data streams.

 Efficiency: Reduces the need for constant direct communication with central systems through local processing and
aggregation.

 Security: Provides an additional layer of security by handling data encryption and access control, protecting the overall
system.

Session:IV--- USE CASES ON IOT & DATA MODELS

Session:V: 08-08-2024

IOT DEVICE MONITORING AL PLATFORM

BATCH PROCESS:

Secured FTP Protocol --- fetching records to landing zone -----we will pull data from raw data stage and then staging repository to

hormonized platform ---- we will build data models / dimention models / fact- SNR/RSSI Values tables /in analytical datastore----

viz

ONLINE PROCESS:
Read Data from gateway MPQ’s protocols to capture data to gateway ; kafka acts as broker and set the data as a queue through API

process and load the data to mongodb . It’s a real time data processing for analytics .

How online batch & offline process works in IOT Projects.

Steps & protocols .