Emerging Technology

Chapter one
Introduction to Emerging Technologies

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What is Emerging Technologies
• Emerging technology is a term generally used to describe a new technology.
• It may also refer to the continuing development of existing technology.
• Is new technology that is currently being developed or will be developed with in
the next 5 to 10 years.
• Emerging technologies include a variety of technologies such as
Educational technology,
Information technology,
Nanotechnology,
Biotechnology,
Cognitive science, psychotechnology, robotics, and
Artificial intelligence.
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What is the root word of technology and evolution?
• Technology:
o “Discourse or treatise on an art or the arts," from Greek
tekhnologia
"systematic treatment of an art, craft, or technique,"
o Originally referring to grammar, from tekhno- (see techno-) + -
logy. The meaning "science of the mechanical and industrial arts" is
first recorded in 1859.
• Evolution:
oThe process of developing by gradual changes(step by step).
oFrom Latin evolutio, "an unrolling or opening," combined from the
prefix e-, "out," plus volvere, "to roll."
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List of some currently available emerged technologies
• Artificial Intelligence
• Blockchain
• Augmented Reality and Virtual Reality
• Cloud Computing
• Angular and React
• DevOps (development and operations)
• Internet of Things (IoT)
• Intelligent Apps (I-Apps)
• Big Data
• Robotic Processor Automation (RPA)
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Introduction to the Industrial Revolution (IR)
• IR was a period of major industrialization and innovation that took place during
the late 1700s and early 1800s.
• It occurs when society shifts from using tools to make products to use new
sources of energy, such as coal, to power machines in factories.
• The revolution started in England, with a series of innovations to make labor
more efficient and productive.
• Was a time when the manufacturing of goods moved from small shops and
homes to large factories.
• This shift brought about changes in culture as people moved from rural areas to
big cities in order to work.
• Industries such as textile manufacturing, mining, glass making, and
agriculture all had undergone changes.
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Introduction to the Industrial Revolution (cont..)
• Generally the following industrial revolutions fundamentally changed and
transfer the world around us into modern society.
oThe steam engine,
oThe age of science and mass production, and
oThe rise of digital technology
oSmart and autonomous systems fueled by data and machine learning.
• The Most Important Inventions of the Industrial Revolution
• Transportation: The Steam Engine, The Railroad, The Diesel Engine, The
Airplane.
• Communication : The Telegraph, The Transatlantic Cable, The
Phonograph, The Telephone.
• Industry: The Cotton Gin. The Sewing Machine, Electric Lights
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Historical Background (IR 1.0, IR 2.0, IR 3.0)
• The IR began in Great Britain in the late 1770s before spreading to the rest of
Europe.
• The four types of industries are:
oThe primary industry : involves getting raw materials
e.g. mining, farming, and fishing.
oThe secondary industry: involves manufacturing
e.g. making cars and steel.
oThe tertiary industries: provide a service
e.g. teaching and nursing.
oThe quaternary industry involves research and development
industries.
e.g. IT.
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Industrial Revolution (IR 1.0)
• The IR is described as a transition to new manufacturing
processes.
• IR was first coined in the 1760s, during the time where this
revolution began.
• The transitions in the first IR included:
oGoing from hand production methods to machines,
oThe increasing use of steam power,
oThe development of machine tools and the rise of the factory
system.
oWater and steam-powered machine were developed 8
Industrial Revolution (IR 2.0)
• Also known as the Technological Revolution, began somewhere
in the 1870s.
• The advancements in IR 2.0 included
o The development of methods for manufacturing
interchangeable parts
o Began using mass production and assembly line.
o New technological systems were introduced, such as
electrical power , telegraph and railroad networks.

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Industrial Revolution (IR 3.0)
•Introduced the transition from mechanical and analog
electronic technology to digital electronics which
began from the late 1950s.
•Due to the shift towards digitalization, IR 3.0 was given
the nickname, “Digital Revolution”.
•The core factor of this revolution is the mass
production and widespread use of digital logic
circuits and its resulting technologies such as the
computer, hand phones and the Internet.
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Fourth Industrial Revolution (IR 4.0)
• IR 4.0 was coined by Klaus Schwab, the founder and executive chairman of World Economic Forum, in
the year 2016.
• With advancements in various technologies such as robotics IOT additive manufacturing and
autonomous vehicles.
• These technologies are called cyber physical system
• A cyber-physical system (CPS) is a mechanism that is controlled or monitored by
computer-based algorithms, tightly integrated with the Internet and its users.
• One example that is being widely practiced in industries today is the usage of Computer
Numerical Control (CNC) machines.
• These machines are operated by giving it instructions using a computer.
• Another major breakthrough that is associated with IR 4.0 is the adoption of Artificial
Intelligence (AI), where we can see it being implemented into our smartphones.
• AI is also one of the main elements that give life to Autonomous Vehicles and Automated
Robots. 11
Role of Data for Emerging Technologies
•Data is regarded as the new oil and strategic asset
since we are living in the age of big data, and drives
or even determines the future of science, technology,
the economy, and possibly everything in our world
today and tomorrow.
•The role of data involves not only core disciplines
such as computing, informatics, and statistics, but
also the broad-based fields of business, social science,
and health/medical science. 12
Enabling devices and network (Programmable devices)
• In the world of digital electronic systems, there are four basic kinds of
devices:
1. Memory : store random information such as the contents of a
spreadsheet or database.
2. Microprocessors: execute software instructions to perform a wide
variety of tasks such as running a word processing program or video
game
3. Logic devices: provide specific functions, including device-to-device
interfacing, data communication, signal processing, data display, timing
and control operations …
4. Networks: is a collection of computers, servers, mainframes, network
devices, peripherals, or other devices connected to one another
to allow the sharing of data. E.g. internet 13
Enabling devices and
Cont. network ,Programmable devices (cont..)
• Programmable devices usually refer to chips that incorporate field
o programmable logic devices (FPGAs),
ocomplex programmable logic devices (CPLD) and
o programmable logic devices (PLD).
• There are also devices that are the analog equivalent of these called field-
programmable analog arrays.

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Why is a computer
Cont. referred to as a programmable device?

•Because what makes a computer a

computer is that it follows a set of
instructions.
•Many electronic devices are computers
that perform only one operation, but
they are still following instructions that
reside permanently in the unit. 15
List of some Programmable devices
• Achronix Speedster SPD60
• Actel’s
• Altera Stratix IV GT and Arria II GX
• Atmel’s AT91CAP7L
• Cypress Semiconductor’s programmable system-on-chip (PSoC) family
• Lattice Semiconductor’s ECP3
• Lime Microsystems’ LMS6002
• Silicon Blue Technologies
• Xilinx Virtex 6 and Spartan 6
• Xmos Semiconductor L series
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Service Enabling Devices (SEDs)
• A full range of network-related equipment referred to as Service Enabling Devices (SEDs), which can include:
o Traditional channel service unit (CSU) and data service unit (DSU)
o Modems :
 Is what bring the internet in to your home or business
 Modem demodulate incoming analog signal into a digital signal
 Modem modulate out going digital signal into analog signal
o Routers
 Is a device that joins network together.
 It deal with IP address
 It routes or passes your internet connection to all of your device
o Switches
 Have mac address
 Data directed only to intended port
 Reduce traffic
 Hub and switch are used to exchange data with in LAN
o Conferencing equipment
o Network appliances (NIDs and SIDs)
o Hosting equipment and servers 17
Human-machine interaction
• Human-machine interaction refers to the communication and interaction between a
human and a machine via a user interface.
• HCI is the study of how people interact with computers and to what extent
computers are or are not developed for successful interaction with human beings.
• HCI consists of three parts:
• The user,
• The computer itself, and
• The ways they work together.
• How do users interact with computers?
oThe user interacts directly with hardware for the human input and output such as
displays, e.g. through a graphical user interface.
oThe user interacts with the computer over this software interface using the given
input and output (I/O) hardware.
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How important is human-computer interaction?
The goal of HCI is:
• To improve the interaction between users and computers by
making computers more user-friendly and receptive to the user's
needs.
The main advantages of HCI are:
• Simplicity,
• Ease of deployment & operations and
• Cost savings for smaller set-ups.
• They also reduce solution design time and integration complexity.

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Disciplines Contributing to (HCI)
•Cognitive psychology: Limitations, information
processing, performance prediction, cooperative
working, and capabilities.
•Computer science: Including graphics, technology,
prototyping tools, user interface management systems.
• Linguistics.
•Engineering and design.
•Artificial intelligence.
•Human factors. 20
Future trends in emerging technology
•Emerging technology trends in 2019
o5G Networks
o Artificial Intelligence (AI)
o Autonomous Devices
o Blockchain
o Augmented Analytics
o Digital Twins
o Enhanced Edge Computing and
o Immersive Experiences in Smart Spaces 21