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Module II-basic Engine System

Basic Engine System

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loyd3026
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17 views3 pages

Module II-basic Engine System

Basic Engine System

Uploaded by

loyd3026
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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BASIC ENGINE SYSTEM

A spark-ignition engine requires four basic system to run. A diesel engine requires three
of these systems. They are:

1. Fuel system
2. Electric ignition system (except diesel)
3. Lubrication system
4. Cooling system

Each system is described below.

 FUEL SYSTEM
The fuel system supplies gasoline (or similar fuel) or diesel fuel to the engine.
The fuel mixes with air to form a combustible mixture. This mixture readily burns.
Each engine cylinders fills repeatedly with the mixture. Then the mixture is
compressed, ignited, and burned.

1. FUEL TANK. The fuel tank is made of sheet metal, fiberglass or plastic. It
has two main openings. Fuel is pumped through one opening and out
through the other.
2. FUEL PUMP. This is the arrangement used in most vehicles with
electronic fuel injection. An electric motor operates the fuel pump.
3. FUEL INJECTORS. Fuel injectors, or fuel-injection valves, are fluid-
control valves. They are either open or closed. The fuel pump send fuel
under constant pressure to the injectors. Each cylinder receives fuel from
its own injector. This is a port injection system. At the proper time for fuel
delivery, the ECM turns on each injector. The pressurized fuel then sprays
out into the air entering the cylinder.

Fuel delivery continues as long as the valve is open. The time is computed and
controlled by ECM. When the proper amount of fuel has sprayed out, the ECM turns off
the injector. The valve closes and fuel delivery stops.

Another fuel-injection system uses one or two injectors located above the throttle
valve. They feed the proper amount of fuel to the air entering the intake of manifold.
This is throttle-body injection (TBI).

In the past, Carburetors were part of most fuel system. Carburetors are mixing
devices. Air passing through the carburetor picks up and mixes with the fuel to provide a
combustible mixture. Most vehicles now have fuel-injection system.
 ELECTRIC IGNITION SYSTEM
The fuel system delivers a combustible mixture to each cylinder. The upward
movement of the piston compresses the mixture. Then the ignition system
delivers an electric sparks to the spark plug in that cylinder. The spark ignites the
compressed air-fuel mixture and combustion follows.
The ignition system takes the low voltage of the battery (12 volts) and
steps up the voltage as high as 47,000 volts (or higher) in some systems. This
high voltage produces sparks that jump the gaps in the sparks plug. The hot
sparks ignite the compressed air-fuel mixture.

 LUBRICATING SYSTEM
The engine has many moving metal parts. When metal parts rubs against each
other, they wear rapidly. To prevent this, engines have a lubricating system that
floods moving parts with oil. The oil gets between the moving metal parts so they
slide on the oil and not on each other.
The lubricating system has an oil pan at the bottom of the engine that
holds several quarts (liters) of oil. An oil pump, driven by the engine, sends oil
from this reservoir through the engine. After circulating through the engine, the oil
drops backs down into the oil pan. The oil pump continues to circulate the oil as
long as the engine runs.

 COOLING SYSTEM
Where there is fire (combustion), there is heat. Burning the air-fuel mixture raises
the temperature inside the engine cylinder several thousand degrees. Some of
this heat produces the high pressure that causes pistons to move.
Some heat leaves the cylinders in the exhaust gas. This is the remains of
the air-fuel mixture after it burns in the cylinders. The exhaust strokes clear out
the exhaust gas. The lubricating oil also removes some heat. The oil gets hot as
it flows through the engine. Then the oil drops into the oil pan and cools off.
The engine cooling system removes the rest of the heat. The engines has
open spaces or water jackets surrounding the cylinders. A mixture of water and
antifreeze, called coolant, circulates through the water jackets. The coolant picks
up heat and carries it to the radiator at the front of the car. Air passing through
the radiator picks up the heat and carries it away. This action prevents the engine
from getting too hot or overheating.

 OTHER ENGINE SYSTEM


An engine will run with the four basic systems described above ---- fuel, ignition,
lubricating, and cooling. For use in the car, the engine requires three other
related systems. These are the exhaust system, the emission-control system,
and the starting system.
The exhaust system reduces the noise of the burned gases leaving the
cylinders. In addition, it carries the exhaust gasses and excess heat safety away
from the passenger compartment.
The emission-control system reduces the air pollution from the vehicle and
the engine. The starting system cranks and starts the engine. A battery provides
the electric power to operate the starting motor and the ignition system during
cranking.

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