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    CARBOHYDRATE Copy 3

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    Gwyneth Salmo

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    © All Rights Reserved
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    CARBOHYDRATE Copy 3

    Uploaded by

    Gwyneth Salmo
    3 views2 pages

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    CARBOHYDRATE copy 3

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    3 views2 pages

    CARBOHYDRATE Copy 3

    Uploaded by

    Gwyneth Salmo

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    of 2

    BIOCHEMISTRY (PRACTICAL EXAM)

    CARBOHYDRATE - Positive: Glu, Xyl, Fruc, Lac, Suc,


    - Widely distributed in plant and Starch
    animals; they have important
    structural and metabolic roles. IODINE REACTION
    - Polyhydroxy aldehydes and ketones - dstinguish polysaccharides from
    - GLUCOSE is the most important mono/disaccharides.
    carbohydrate (human POV) - A test for polysaccharides or
    - MAJOR METABOLIC FUEL of complex carbohydrates
    animals - Iodines forms a coordinate complex
    - PRECURSO for synthesis of all other between the helically coiled
    carbohydrates in the body polysaccharides chain and iodine
    centrally located within the helix
    CLASSIFICATION OF CARBHYDRATES due to absorption.
     MONOSACCHARIDES – cannot be - The color obtained depends upon
    hydrolysed into simpler the length of the unbranched or
    carbohydrates linear chat available for complex
    Ex: Trioses, Tetroses, Pentoses, Hexoses, formation.
    Or Heptoses
     AMYLOSE – a linear component of
     OLIGOSACCHARIDES – starch, gives deep blue color
    condensation products of 2 to 10  AMYLOPECTIN – a branched chain
    monosaccharides component of starch, gives a purple
    o Disaccharides color
     GLYCOGEN – reddish brown color
     POLYSACCHARIDES – Condenstaion  Dextrines
    products of more than 10 o AMYLODECTRIN – violet
    monosaccharides units o ERYTHTRODECTRIN – red
    Ex: Starch, Cellulose o ACHRODEXTRIN - no
    change in color
    MOLISCH TEST
    - General test for carbohydrates; - Positive color: Blue-Black Complex
    distinguishes carbohydrates from - Positive: Starch
    non-carbohydrates
    - Principle: carbohydrates when BARFOED’S TEST
    treated with concentrated sulfuric - Distinguish reducing
    acid undergo dehydration to give monosaccharides to reducing
    fufural deriavities. disaccharides
    - a- Naphthol (from colored - Aldoses and ketoses can reduce Cu
    products) (II) ions even in acidic solutions
    - Positive Color: Purple Ring/ Purple
    Product
    - Monosaccharides react very fast - Used to distinguish reducing from
    whereas disaccharides react very non-reducing sugar
    slowly. - Positive: Green To Brick Ppt
    - The positive reaction indicated the - Positive: Glu, Fru, Xyl, Lac
    presence of a reducing
    monosaccharides  Green color - up to 0.5 g% (+)
    - On prolonged heating,  Green precipitate - 0.5-1.0 g%
    disaccharides can also give this test (++)
    positive.  Yellow precipitate -1.0-1.5 g%
    - Hence, the solution should be (+++)
    boiled only for 3 minutes  Orange precipitate - 1.5-2.0 g%
    - Positive: Glu, Xyl, Fru (++++)
    - Xyl: aldopentose  Brick red precipitate - > 2.0 g
    %(+++++)
    - Positive color: Brick Red Ppt

    TOLLEN’S TEST
    SELIWANOFF’S TEST
    - Distinguish aldoses from
    - Distinguish between fructose and
    ketoses/distinguishes aldehydes
    glucose
    from ketoses
    - Ketohexoses on treatment with HCI
    - Positive color: Dark Grey Ppt/Silver
    froms 5-hydroxyl methyl furfural
    Mirror
    which on condensation with
    resocrinol gives a cherry red
    BIALL’S TEST
    colored complex
    - Used to distinguish pentoses from
    - This test is given positive by
    hexoses
    ketohexoses
    - Positive: Blue Or Green or Blue-
    - Overheating of the solution should
    Green Product
    be avoided. Upon continous
    boiling, aldoses get converted to
    ketoses and give a positive reaction
    with the reagent.
    - Positive: Fruc, Suc

    BENEDICTS TEST
    - Carbohydrates with free aldehyde
    or ketone groups have the ability to
    reduce solutions of various
    metallic ions
    - A semi-quantitative test. The color
    of the precipitate gives a rough
    estimate of a reducing sugar
    present in the sample

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