SECTION 2

Product Specifications
This Section contains specifications and guidelines for natu- industry. These specification would be used to establish con-
ral gas liquid products. Fig. 2-1 contains GPA specifications for sistent, minimum specifications across the industry. Fig 2-2
commercial propane, commercial butane, commercial butane- shows fractionation grade product specifications for the follow-
propane mixtures, and Propane HD-5.1 ing products:
These are “official” industry standards, representing a broad • Fractionation Ethane,
industry consensus for minimum quality products. Producers,
purchasers, or pipeline companies may adopt variations of • Fractionation Ethane/Propane (E/P) Mix,
these specifications. • Fractionation Propane,
The gas plant designer and operator, as well as purchasers, • Fractionation Iso-Butane,
will also be concerned with specifications for other plant prod-
ucts, including residue gas, raw mix streams, ethane, propane, • Fractionation Normal Butane,
ethane-propane mixes, normal butane, iso-butane, and plant • Fractionation Natural Gasoline.
condensate. Although there are no “official” industry specifica-
tions for these products, GPA Technical Section C developed a
new set of product specifications for use in the gas processing This table has been adopted as GPA Standard 2107.

FIG. 2-1
GPA Liquefied Petroleum Gas Specifications
(This Table Extracted from GPA Standard 2140-97)

Product Designation
Product Characteristics Commercial Commercial Commercial
Propane HD-5 Test Methods
Propane Butane B-P Mixtures
Composition Predominantly Predominantly Predominantly not less than 90 ASTM D-2163-91
propane and/or butanes and/or mixtures of liquid volume per-
propylene. butylenes. butanes and/or cent propane; not
butylenes with more than 5 liquid
propane and/or volume percent
propylene. propylene.
Vapor pressure at 100°F, psig, max. 208 70 208 208 ASTM D-1267-95
at 37.8°C, kPa (ga), max. 1434 483 1434 1434
Volatile residue:
temperature at 95% evaporation, °F,max. –37 36 36 –37 ASTM D-1837-94
or
°C, max. –38.3      2.2      2.2     –38.3 ASTM D-2163-91
butane and heavier, liquid volume percent max.     2.5 — —        2.5 ASTM D-2163-91
pentane and heavier, liquid volume percent max. —      2.0      2.0 —
Residual matter:
residue on evaporation of 100 ml, max. 0.05 ml — — 0.05 ml ASTM D-2158-92
oil stain observation pass (1) — — pass (1) ASTM D-2158-92
Corrosion, copper strip, max. No. 1 No. 1 No. 1 No. 1 ASTM D-1838-91
(Note A)
Total sulfur, ppmw 185 140 140 123 ASTM D-2784-92
Moisture content pass — — pass GPA Propane
Dryness Test
(Cobalt Bromide)
or D-2713-91
Free water content — none none — —
(1) An acceptable product shall not yield a persistent oil ring when 0.3 ml of solvent residue mixture is added to a filter paper in 0.1 increments and
examined in daylight after 2 minutes as described in ASTM D-2158.
NOTE A: “ This method may not accurately determine the corrosivity of the liquefied petroleum gas if the sample contains corrosion inhibitors
or other chemicals which diminish the corrosivity of the sample to the copper strip. Therefore, the addition of such compounds for the
sole purpose of biasing the test is prohibited.”

2-1
 Likewise, there are no industry standard specifications for tions of commercially “dry” propane, but neither method yields
ethane or ethane-propane (EP) mixes. However, GPA Technical quantitative measures of moisture in the product.
Section C has provided a summary of typical quality criteria in
industry use as shown in Fig. 2-3. The Cobalt Bromide test is based on the work of Hachmuth4,
which determined acceptable levels of moisture in commercial
Quality specifications for natural gas have historically been equipment, and correlated these levels with results of the test
individually negotiated and prescribed in contracts between procedure. The test is based on observation of color changes of
purchasers or pipeline companies and the producer or proces- cobalt bromide salt caused by the humidity of the gas or vapor
sor. Specification parameters for pipeline quality natural gas surrounding it. In practice, the cobalt bromide is supported on
may include heating value, composition, contaminants, water white cotton wadding and exposed to a stream of propane va-
content, and hydrocarbon dew point. Specification limits for pors chilled to 32°F. The color of the cobalt bromide changes
these parameters may vary widely depending on the pipeline from green to lavender at about 30% relative humidity, indi-
system, climatological conditions, end use, and other factors. cating “wet” propane. Propane-water system data7,8,11 indicate
Example pipeline quality gas specification parameters are that the water content of saturated propane vapors at 32°F is
shown in Fig. 2-4. approximately 530 ppmw. The water content of saturated pro-
pane liquid is approximately 35 ppmw at 32°F. At 30% satura-
­LPG SPECIFICATION PARAMETERS tion at 32°F, commercially “dry” propane as measured by the
Cobalt Bromide test will be about 159 ppmw in the vapors and
LPG specifications of GPA Standard 2140, shown in Fig. 2-1, about 10 ppmw in the liquid. Based on these specification lim-
are the industry standards in the United States. International its at 32°F, Fig. 2-6 gives maximum allowable water content of
specifications, adopted in ISO 9162, are shown in Fig. 2-5.14 liquid propane at other system temperatures
In many cases, specification parameters for LPG are based The valve freeze method was developed to detect excessive
on simple “pass-fail” test methods that can be performed quick- moisture in liquid propane, and is preferred by some over the
ly and easily by field personnel. These specifications and test Cobalt Bromide test. The test device is a specially constructed
methods are intended to assure products that can be safely han- and calibrated orifice valve designed to simulate expansion of
dled in transport systems, and that will perform adequately and propane through a pressure regulator. A liquid sample of the
safely in their end-use markets. Unfortunately, many of these product to be tested is passed through the valve at a preset
tests tell the design engineer or plant operator little about prod- flow rate. The time required for the valve to freeze and inter-
uct composition or quantitative limits. The following discussion rupt flow due to moisture in the product determines whether or
is intended to provide an indication of product composition and not the product is commercially “dry.” Test data reveals that a
quantitative limits imposed by these industry specifications. freeze-off time of more than 60 seconds indicates less than 30
ppmw moisture in the liquid product. The method is not ap-
­Vapor Pressure plicable to propane products containing anti-freeze agents such
Vapor pressure is a critical specification that must be ob- as methanol. It is also affected by the temperature of the liquid
served for safe and efficient utilization of propane, butane, and sample.
butane/propane mixtures in domestic and commercial installa- A third method, the Bureau of Mines dew point tester, is
tions, and to comply with various regulations governing trans- a simple field test still used by some, but is not recommended
port vessels and cylinders.3 because its accuracy is dependent on many poorly controlled
The GPA vapor pressure specification limit for propane variables, such as temperature and pressure of the system.
meets the requirements of U.S. Department of Transportation This method was originally developed by the U.S. Bureau of
regulations by effectively limiting the ethane content of com- Mines and is still used as a field method to determine moisture
mercial propane and propane HD-5 to a maximum of approxi- content in natural gas systems.
mately 7 volume percent. Any appreciable quantity of propyl-
ene, permitted in commercial propane only, would necessarily
­Sulfur Content
reduce the amount of permissible ethane due to the higher va- Certain compounds of sulfur must be controlled to an ex-
por pressure of propylene relative to that of propane. Likewise, tremely low level in LPGs to prevent corrosion in distribution
variations in the butane content of propane, limited to 2.5 vol- facilities. The standard test for corrosivity is the Copper Corro-
ume percent, will impact the amount of ethane permitted by the sion Test (ASTM D-1838). In this test, a polished copper strip is
vapor pressure specification. immersed in the product sample for one hour at 100°F. The test
strip is then rated by comparison with the four color classifica-
­Moisture Content tions of ASTM Copper Corrosion Standards:
Moisture in propane must be controlled to very low concen- No.1 Slight tarnish (light to dark orange)
trations to avoid hydrate formation in pipelines and freezing in
tanks, regulating equipment, and other equipment in the dis- No.2 Moderate tarnish (red, lavender, brassy gold)
tribution system. No.3 Dark tarnish (magenta, red, green)
Although a properly designed and operated dehydration No.4 Corrosion (black, dark gray, brown)
system produces very dry propane, moisture can and does en-
ter the transportation and distribution system at many points, Specifications for LPG products stipulate that the product
such as storage tanks, loading racks, and transport vessels. must not exceed a No.1 strip, indicating product that is not cor-
rosive to copper or brass fittings in the distribution system.
There are two recognized methods for determining accept-
able levels of moisture in propane products: the GPA Cobalt LPG from some sources may contain trace amounts of car-
Bromide Test, and the Valve Freeze method (ASTM D-2713). bonyl sulfide (COS), which alone is non-corrosive. However, COS
Both are “pass-fail” tests that provide qualitative determina- can hydrolyze in the presence of water, either liquid or vapor, to

2-2
 Product characteristic Test Methods Fractionation Fractionation Fractionation Fraction- Fractionation Fractionation
(2) Ethane Ethane/ Propane ation Normal Butane Natural Gasoline
Propane Isobutane
ANALYSIS:
Liquid Volume %
Methane ASTM D-2163 3.0.% max.    1.5% max.
Ethane ASTM D-2163 95.0% min. 75% / 82%
Ethylene ASTMD-2163    4.0% max.

Propylene ASTM D-2163 1.0% max. 5.0% max.

Propane ASTM D-2163 5.0% max. 11.5% / 25% 90.0% min. 3.0% 0.35% max.(1)
max.(1)
Butane & Heavier ASTM D-2163 0.8% max. 2.5% max.
Isobutane ASTM D-2163 95.0% min. 6.0% max.
Normal Butane ASTM D-2163 4.0% max. 94.0% min. 6.0% max. (4)
Pentanes ASTM D-2163 1.5% max.

Carbon Dioxide and other ASTM D-2504 1000 ppm wt. 1000 ppm wt.
nonhydrocarbons not max. max.
specifically listed.
Total Sulfur-ppm wt. ASTM D-4045 30 ppm wt. max. 123 ppm wt. 100 ppm wt. 140 ppm wt. 140 ppm wt. max .
(maximum) ASTM D-6667 max. max. (3) max.
Water content VISUAL No Free Water No Free Water No Free Water No Free No Free Water No Free Water
Water
Vapor Pressure at 100 °F ASTM D-1267 or 208 psig max. 70 psig max. 50 psig max.

2-3
ASTM D-2598 or
FIG 2-2

ASTM D-6897

Vapor Pressure at 100 °F ASTM D-323 14 RVP max.

ASTM D-5191
VOLATILE RESIDUE:
Temperature @ 95 % ASTM D-1837 -37 °F max. +16 °F max. +36 °F max.
evaporation
End Point ASTM D-86 375 °F max.
RESIDUAL MATTER:
Residue on evaporation of ASTM D-2158 0.05 ml
100 ml, max.
GPA 2107-08 Fractionation Grade Product Specifications

Oil Stain Observation Pass

Corrosion, Copper Strip, max. ASTM D-1838 No. 1 No. 1 No. 1 No. 1 No. 1
Corrosion, Copper Strip, max. ASTM D-130 No. 1
Doctor Test ASTM D-4952 Negative
or GPA 1138
Color, Saybolt Number, min. ASTM D-156 +25

1. Propane and lighter.

2. Test methods listed are typical. Equivalent or mutually agreeable methods may also be utilized.
3. The 123 ppmw sulfur specification represents a total limit. Odorization could cause this limit to be exceeded. Based on this concern, the fractionation propane specification will be reduced to 100 ppmw
max to allow for odorization,
4. n-Butane and lighter.
 FIG. 2-4
FIG. 2-3
Example Pipeline Quality Natural Gas
Representative Quality Criteria for Ethane Streams
Adapted from AGA Report No. 4A, May 2001

Weight Percent Minimum Maximum

Low High Common Major and Minor Components,
High-Ethane Raw Streams mol%
Methane and Lighter 1.0 5.0 1.0 Methane 75 –
Ethane Ethane – 10
Isobutane & Heavier
Propane Remainder Remainder Remainder
Propane – 5
Contaminant Maximums: Butanes – 2
Hydrogen Sulfide No. 1 Strip 50 ppmw No. 1 Strip Pentanes and heavier – 0.5
Carbon Dioxide 100 ppmw 3,500 ppmw 500 ppmw Nitrogen and other inerts – 3
Sulfur 5 ppmw 200 ppmw 200 ppmw Carbon Dioxide – 2-3
Oxygen 300 ppmw – – Total Diluent Gases – 4-5
Moisture 75 ppmw No free No free
Trace Components
Ethane-Propane Mixes
1.0 0.6
Hydrogen sulfide – 0.25-0.3 gr/100 scf
Methane and Lighter 0.6
Ethane 20 80 50 Mercaptan sulfur – –
Propane 20 80 50 Total sulfur – 5-20 gr/100 scf
Isobutane & Heavier 0.2 4.5 4.5 Water vapor – 4.0-7.0 lb/mmcf
Contaminant Maximums: Oxygen – 1.0%
Hydrogen Sulfide No. 1 Strip No. 1 Strip No. 1 Strip
Other Characteristics
Carbon Dioxide 500 ppmw 3,000 ppmw 500 ppmw
Heating value, Btu/scf-gross
Sulfur 5 ppmw 143 ppmw 100 ppmw
saturated 950 1150
Oxygen 500 ppmw 1,000 ppmw 1,000 ppmw
Moisture 10 ppmw No free 50 ppmw Liquids: F
 ree of liquid water and hydrocarbons at delivery tem-
High-Purity Ethane perature and pressure.
Methane and Lighter 1.5 2.5 2.5 Solids: F
 ree of particulates in amounts deleterious to transmis-
Ethane 90.0 96.0 90.0 sion and utilization equipment. (3-15 microns, max.)
Propane 6.0 15.0 6.0
Isobutane & Heavier 0.5 3.0 2.0
Contaminant Maximums:
Hydrogen Sulfide 6 ppmw 10 ppmw 10 ppmw
value of hydrogen sulfide may be as low as 0.12 ppmw in the
Carbon Dioxide 10 ppmw 5,000 ppmw 10 ppmw
Sulfur 5 ppmw 70 ppmw 50 ppmw
presence of 0.5 ppmw elemental sulfur.
Oxygen 5 ppmw 5 ppmw 5 ppmw Fig. 2-7 is based on field test data on corrosivity limits in
Moisture 13 ppmw No free 76 ppmw
high ethane content mixtures. The curves are approximate and
should not be used for design purposes. Perry10 states that a
No.1 copper strip is generally thought to represent hydrogen
corrosive hydrogen sulfide (H2S). The copper strip corrosion test sulfide concentrations below 1-2 ppmw. As noted above, other
requires that the test cylinder be wetted with approximately research6 indicates a synergistic corrosion effect of extremely
1 ml of water prior to introduction of the sample, which is in- small amounts of H2S if free sulfur is present in the stream
tended to hydrolyze the COS into H2S and ensure detection of From other observations, Pyburn et al6 report the following
corrosive product. If COS is suspected, additional product test- additional conclusions about corrosive elements in LPG that
ing (See GPA Standard 2290) and treatment is recommended to may affect the copper corrosion test:
prevent its introduction into the distribution system.
1. H2S and elemental sulfur are the corrosive agents.
Sulfur chemistry is extremely complex, and little scientific
work has been done to correlate copper strip test results, either 2. H2S and elemental sulfur act synergistically on the
quantitatively or by species, with the multitude of sulfur com- copper corrosion test.
pounds that may be encountered in natural gas liquid products.
However, specific test data by Pyburn et al6 indicate that hydro- ­ 3. Polysulfides may contribute to copper corrosion.
gen sulfide concentrations of 0.55 ppmw or more in propane al- ­ 4. Mercaptans in the presence of elemental sulfur en-
most certainly will produce a failure of the copper strip test; as hance corrosion.
little as 0.3 ppmw might fail, depending on interpretation of the
test. These data also suggest that the threshold limit of elemen- ­ 5. Mercaptans in the presence of hydrogen sulfide inhibit
tal sulfur is approximately 5-10 ppmw, although concentrations corrosion.
as low as 2 ppmw may cause failure of the copper strip test. ­ 6. To be safe, all sulfur compounds should be reduced to
Additional data suggest that elemental sulfur in the pres- the lowest possible level.
ence of hydrogen sulfide results in a synergistic effect that will ­ 7. No hydrogen sulfide should be present.
cause failure of the copper strip test with trace concentrations
of either contaminant. Specifically, concentrations of 0.5 ppmw ­ 8. If any sulfur compounds are present, the product
elemental sulfur, together with 0.28 ppmw hydrogen sulfide in should be dry.
propane were observed to fail the corrosion test. The threshold

2-4
 FIG. 2-5
Specifications for Liquefied Petroleum Gases
This table extracted from ISO 9162-1989

Commercial Propane Commercial Butane

Characteristics Method of Test
ISO-F-LP ISO-F-LB
Gauge vapor pressure at 104°F, psig, max. ISO 42562) or 2251) 751)
ISO 8973

Volatility
C2 hydrocarbons Report value3)
C4 hydrocarbons, mole %, max. ISO 7941 7,51)
C5 hydrocarbons, mole %, max. ISO 7941 0,26) 2,56)
Unsaturated hydrocarbons, mole % ISO 7941 Report value4) Report Value4)
Dienes, mole %, max. ISO 7941 0,56) 0,56)
Residual matter 5) 5) 5)

Corrosiveness to copper, max. ISO 6251 1 1

Sulfur, mg/kg, max. 7)
506) 506)
Hydrogen sulfide ISO 8819 Pass Pass
Free water content None8) None8)

1)
Certain national standards and/or regulations may prescribe other limits.
2)
In case of dispute about the vapor pressure, ISO 4256 shall prevail.
3)
Physical limitations of transport and storage facilities shall be considered for refrigerated transport; a common limit is 2 mole
% maximum.
4)
Certain national standards may prescribe a limitation on unsaturated hydrocarbons.
5)
It has not been possible to take a decision on a value for inclusion in this specification because there is no suitable ISO test
method and no satisfactory correlation between the test results obtained using methods developed in different countries. Lim-
its will be specified when a suitable test method has been adopted. Until a suitable test method has been adopted, the user of
this specification is referred to the introductory discussion and proposed test method discussed in ISO 9162-1989. Report the
value for the sample concerned, and the method used to determine it, as additional information.
6)
Certain national standards may prescribe other limits.
7)
An ISO method specific to liquefied petroleum gas is being developed. Until such an ISO method is available, ISO 4260 is
recommended as the referee method. Other methods specified in national standards, and having a valid precision statement,
are acceptable for quality control purposes.
8)
The presence of water shall be determined by visual inspection. For shipments of refrigerated liquefied petroleum gases at
their atmospheric boiling point, it is essential that the water content is below the saturation level at this temperature as
determined by a method agreed between buyer and seller.

­ 9. Mixing of propane or other products from two sources, FIG. 2-6

both of which passed the copper corrosion test, may re-
sult in a failure of the mixture to pass the test. Maximum Water Content of Dry
Commercial Liquid Propane*
10. Changes in sulfur species may occur during transit un-
der some conditions.
Temp., °F H2O, ppmw % Saturated
GPA specifications permit a maximum of 123 ppmw total
100 21 8
sulfur in Propane HD-5; 185 ppmw in commercial propane; and
140 ppmw in butanes. It should be noted, however, that these 80 18 11
same specifications require that the product not exceed the 60 15 16
No.1 copper strip. If these two specifications are in conflict, the
more stringent will govern. 40 11 24
32 10 30
To convert from parts per million by weight (ppmw) of H2S
to grains per 100 ft3, measured at 60°F and 14.7 psia, use the *These numbers are approximate
following formula for any hydrocarbon:
grains/100 ft3 = (ppmw H2S)(MWgas)(0.001845) Eq 2-1

­Volatile Residue
The volatile residue specification, coupled with the vapor
pressure limit, assures essentially single-component products
for propane and butane, and essentially two-component prod-
ucts for butane-propane mixtures. The predominant volatile

2-5
residue in propane is butane, limited to 2.5 volume percent; the its, depending on special down-stream processing requirements.
predominant volatile residue in butane is pentane or heavier Some of these requirements may include limits on dienes, iso-
hydrocarbons, limited to 2 volume percent. These compositional mers, alcohols, halides and other trace contaminants.
limits assure that 95 volume percent of the product will be va-
porized at temperatures slightly above the normal boiling point ­Odorization
of the product, which may be confirmed by a field distillation
test. Regulatory codes applicable to the distribution of natural
gas and LP gas require these gases to be odorized such that
­Non-volatile Residue the gas is readily detectable by a distinct odor, at one-fifth of
the lower limit of flammability of the gas in air.12 An excellent
The non-volatile residue specification imposes a rigid limit reference covering
on extraneous contaminants boiling above 100°F, which may
result in fouling of vaporizers used in liquid withdrawal sys- ­• Odorization regulations
tems. The principal sources of such contaminants are typically ­• Chemical and physical properties of odorants
compressor oils, valve lubricants, plasticizers from rubber hos-
es, corrosion inhibitors, or other heavy petroleum products from ­• Odorization system design considerations
pumps, pipelines, or storage vessels that may be used in mul-
tiple services. The specification limit is 0.05 ml per 100 ml of ­• Odorization equipment and stations
test sample, or 500 ppmv. The common residues in the gasoline ­• Monitoring methods
boiling range usually present little problem in utilization sys-
tems. However, very heavy residues can be present, and must ­• Safety and environmental
be identified and eliminated from the system. ­• Odorant stability and olfactory response
­Non-Specification Contaminants has been published by the American Gas Association.13
Although the range of possible contaminants in LPG is LNG Specifications
very great, serious problems are rare, but can occur. The most
serious contaminants encountered are ammonia (See GPA Gas is often liquefied and sold as Liquefied Natural Gas
Standard 2187), fluorides, and organic fluorides. NFPA 5812 (LNG). Generally, these types of products are specified by con-
stipulates that LPG “shall not contain ammonia,” because of tracts between seller and buyer and thus can come in many
its propensity to induce stress corrosion cracking in copper and forms. Since components such as CO2 and water are removed
brass fittings commonly used in propane utilization systems. during the production of LNG, normal LNG specification list
Fluorides and organic fluorides are possible contaminants in these components but they are typically well below the speci-
propane produced from refinery ­operations, notably HF alkyla- fied value. Nitrogen is one component of interest and is often
tion processes, which dictates that production from such units included as a specification. The heavier hydrocarbons such as
should be thoroughly and continuously monitored to prevent C5+ are generally removed during processing to prevent freez-
contamination of the distribution system. ing.
Natural gas liquids destined for petrochemical feedstocks In some locations, the heating value may be limited due to
may also be subject to additional contractual specification lim- local pipeline specifications which may require further removal
of propane and heavier components at the source or recep-
FIG. 2-7 tion location of the LNG. An example specification for LNG is
Concentration H2S vs. Copper Strip Produced shown in Fig. 2-8.
FIG. 2-8
Example LNG Product Specifications
Nitrogen 1 mole % max
Carbon Dioxide <50 ppmv
Hydrogen Sulfide <4 ppmv
Water <1 ppmv
Benzene <1 ppmv
C5+ <0.1 mol %

Other Products
Intermediate products such as raw NGL’s and condensate
streams are not normally subject to industry specifications but
rather are agreed to with sellers and purchasers or transport-
ers of these products. Vapor pressure or Reid vapor pressure
are often specified as well as other items such as total sulfur
and water. The vapor pressure specification depends primarily
on the buyer or transporter for these types of products. For ex-
ample, many product pipelines accept product from gas process-
ing plants. The pipeline owner will set a specification similar to
that shown in Fig 2-9 for demethanized products. GPA Section
C is working on a standard for this product type.

2-6
 FIG. 2-9
Example Y-Grade Product Specification

Test Method Receipt Delivery

Specification Point
(Latest Issue) Specifications
1. Composition Gas Chromatography
Carbon Dioxide MAPL Test No. 7 (Note 1) (Note 1)
Methane, Maximum GPA 2177 (Note 2) (Note 2)
Aromatics, Maximum Extended analysis 10.00 10.00
Olefins, Maximum MAPL Test No. 7A (Note 3) (Note 3)
GPA 2186
2. Vapor Pressure MAPL Test No. 1
At 100°F, psig, Maximum ASTM D-1267 600 600
3. Corrosiveness MAPL Test No. 9
Copper Strip at 100°F ASTM D-1838 No. 1 No. 1
4. Volatile Sulfur MAPL Test No. 11
PPM by Weight, Maximum ASTM D-2784 1200 1200
5. Hydrogen Sulfide MAPL Test No. 12
ASTM D-2420 Pass Pass
6. Distillation MAPL Test No. 8
End Point at 14.7, psia, °F, Maximum ASTM D-216 375 375 (Note 4)
7. Color MAPL Test No. 16
Saybolt Number, Minimum ASTM D-156 +27 +25 (Note 4)
8. Dryness MAPL Test No. 15
Free Water Inspection None at 34°F None
9. Product Temperature
Product containing 65 mole % or more Ethane, °F, Maximum 90 90
Product containing less than 65 mole % Ethane, °F, Maximum 110 110

Note 1 Carbon Dioxide Maximum is 0.35 L.V.% (8038 ppmw) of the Ethane.
Note 2 Methane Maximum is 0.5 L.V.% of the total components excluding N2 and CO2 and 1.5 L.V.% of the Ethane.
Note 3 Olefin Maximum is 1.0 L.V.% (10,000 ppmw) of the total stream, C4 Olefin Maximum is 0.1 L.V.% (1,000 ppmw) of the Normal Butane.
Note 4 Distillation and Color to be run on that portion of the mixture having a boiling point of 70°F and above at atmospheric pressure.

Some products will be transported in trucks similar to those 7. Poettman, F.H., and Dean, M.R., “Water Content of Propane,”
for LPG and will have a 208 psig specification. The heavier Petroleum Refiner, December, 1946.
product which will be primarily C5 and heavier will typically 8. Kobayashi, R. and Katz, D.L., “Vapor-Liquid Equilibria for Bi-
be specified as a 10 or 12 psig RVP product with little other nary Hydrocarbon-Water Systems,” Industrial and Engineering
specification.­ Chemistry, February, 1953.
9. Baumer, J.A., “Large Scale Liquid-Liquid DEA Treating for
REFERENCES Fractionation Plants,” Oil & Gas Journal, March 15, 1982.
1. GPA Standard 2140-92: “Liquefied Petroleum Gas Specifications 10. Perry, C.R., “Several Treating Options Open for Ethane Recov-
and Test Methods,” Gas Processors Association. ery Plants,” Oil & Gas Journal, May 23, 1977.
2. GPA Standard 3132-84: “Natural Gasoline Specifications and 11. Kahre, L.C., Phillips Petroleum Company Project Report DA-2,
Test Methods,” Gas Processors Association. 1972.
3. Title 49, Code of Federal Regulations, Parts 173.301(f); 12. National Fire Protection Association (NFPA) No. 58, “Standard
173.314(d). for the Storage and Handling of Liquefied Petroleum Gases.”
4. Hachmuth, K. H., “Dehydrating Commercial Propane,” Butane- 13. AGA Odorization Manual, Dec. 2000.
Propane News, January, 1932.
14. ISO 9162 (1989), “Specifications for Liquefied Petroleum Gases,”
5. Shock, D.A., “Research on Evaluation of Copper Strip for Cor- International Standards Organization.
rosive Sulfur in LPG,” Gas Processors Association, 1949.
15. ISO 13734 — “Natural Gas — Organic Sulfur Compounds used
6. Pyburn, C.M., Cahil, F.P., and Lennox, R.K., “The Effect of Sul- as Odorants — Requirements and Test Methods”
fur Compound Interactions on the Copper Corrosion Test in
Propane,” Proceedings, 57th Annual Convention, Gas Processors 16. GPA Standard 2107-09, “GPA Fractionation Grade Product
Association. Specifications”

2-7
NOTES:

2-8