BIRTH CONTROL METHOD.

Birth control are techniques and methods used to prevent fertilization or to interrupt
pregnancy at various stages. All birth control methods are based on either preventing
man’s sperm from reaching and entering a woman’s egg or preventing the fertilized
egg from implanting in the woman’s uterus and starting to grow.

Barrier methods of Birth control

✓MALE CONDOMS
✓FEMALE CONDOMS
✓DIAPHRAGM
✓CERVICAL CAP
✓SPERMICIDAL AGENTS
✓CONTRACEPTIVE SPONGE
✓ORAL CONTRACEPTIVE PILLS
✓INTRAUTERINE DEVICES
✓PATCHES
✓VAGINAL RING
✓IMPLANTS

MALE CONDOMS

Male condoms are a more common birth control method than female condoms. A
male condom is a skinny sheath that is worn over the man’s penis during sexual
intercourse. Condoms must dispose of after single use. While intercourse condom will
collect sperms so that the sperms are not releas into a woman’s vagina.

A condom must be a perfect size and fit the erect penis of a man’s smoothly. There
must be about 1.25cm at the tip of the condom to allocate a space for the sperm-filled
semen to collect. Some condoms have this feature built-in. Some condoms come pre-
lubricated. If additional lubrication is required a water-based lubricant can be used.

Advantages
They are easily available and usually inexpensive
Male condoms help to prevent pregnancy as well as
It protects against the transmission of Sexually transmitted diseases and other
infections

Disadvantages
Chances of condom break slip or come off the penis
Poor withdrawal technique
Condoms may reduce the pleasure of the sexual activity
Sexual partners who are sensitive to latex products should not use latex condoms, it
may cause infections and allergies though other condoms made with vinyl are
available in the market for people who are allergic.
 FEMALE CONDOMS

It is a vaginal pouch with two rings at either end. It is made of soft polyurethane. One
end of the pouch is open and another end is closed. The closed-end of a condom is
inserted into her vagina over her cervix. The open end remains outside of her vagina.
During the time of intercourse, through the open end of the female condom, the man
inserts his penis into her vagina. once the sexual intercourse is completed and the man
withdraws his penis from her vagina, the condom containing the ejaculated sperm can
be thrown away.

Advantages:
It provides some protection to the labia area of the female and penis base.
Female condom works well with oil type lubricants.
It can keep in the vagina for an average of eight hours prior to the intercourse

Disadvantages
The female condom is difficult to insert compared with a male condom and may cause
discomfort, a woman may need some practice also
It does not contain a lubricant of spermicide
High risk of urinary tract infection if left in the vagina for longer time
Difficult to remain in place
Produce unpleasant sound if there is not enough lubrication while inserting the erect
penis

DIAPHRAGM FOR BIRTH CONTROL

Diaphragm is made of a smooth flexible rubber cup shaped like a dome that is
inserted into the vagina. The diaphragm prevents the entry of sperms to the cervix, so
that sperm cannot pass from the vagina into the uterus. A woman inserts the
diaphragm into her vagina no more than 4 hours before intercourse. After sexual
intercourse, she should make sure that the diaphragm has not been dislodged and is
still in the correct position. It should be kept in place for at least 6-8 hours after sexual
activity

Since diaphragms are only available with a prescription, a woman must see a health
service provider have a diaphragm properly fitted because it comes in different sizes

Disadvantages:

The requirement of correct fitting size and proper technique to use.

Chance of urinary tract infection with long-term use
if left in the vagina for more than 24 hours there is a high risk for toxic shock
syndrome
A poorly placed diaphragm have a risk to slip off

CERVICAL CAP
It is small-sized almost about 3 cm, its looks like a thimble-shaped dome made with
latex or silicone rubber. It is smaller than the diaphragm and it fits right over the
cervix. The cervical cap should use along with spermicide. A little amount of
spermicide is required within the cap during insertion. The cap and the action of
spermicide prevent sperm from entering the uterus.

A woman using his fingers pushes the cervical cap up her vagina and into position
over her cervix. It kept in place for up to 48 hours. A woman must consult the
gynecologist to identify the correct size and learn about the proper insertion
technique.

Advantages:
No re-application of spermicide is required for constant protection till forty-eight
hours for many numbers of sexual intercourse.

Disadvantages:
Should identify the exact size
Required training for insertion
Cervical erosion will cause vaginal spotting

SPERMICIDAL AGENTS

Spermicides are made up of nonoxynol or nonoxynol-9, these chemicals will destroy

the cell’s membrane of the sperm. They are widely available in the form of
Vaginal foams
Films
creams
Jellies
Suppositories

Advantages:
Easy application and budget-friendly
The lubrication in the spermicides will increase the pleasure of sexual intercourse

Disadvantages:
Spermicides are toxic to good bacteria required for the vaginal health
Spermicides increase the risk of STDs and harmful bacterial infections such as E-coli.
It should insert at least 10- 15 minutes prior to sexual activity
It is difficult to insert and may cause discomfort
Women who have sensitive vaginas may cause an allergic reaction to spermicides.

CONTRACEPTIVE SPONGE

The contraceptive sponge is doughnut-shaped. It is made of polyurethane foam and is

impregnated with a spermicide birth control method. This spermicide is necessary for
the contraceptive capability of the sponge. Before intercourse, a woman pushes the
sponge up into her vagina, the same as a tampon. The spermicidal sponge will then
play as a barrier to prevent sperm from entering the cervix. Once it placed, the sponge
act for protection for up to 24 hours without additional application of spermicide
Advantages
easy to use;
does not perceptibly hinder sexual experience;
effective immediately if used correctly;

Disadvantages
Relatively low contraceptive effectiveness.
Possible development of thrush.
It does not protect against sexually transmitted infections and diseases.
Can cause dryness in the vagina, allergic reaction, itching
You should insert the sponge 10 minutes before sexual intercourse

ORAL CONTRACEPTIVE PILLS

ORAL CONTRACEPTIVE PILLSBirth control pills or oral contraceptives are

medications that prevent the fertilization of eggs. These are hormonal preparation that
may contain a mixture of the hormones estrogen and progestin alone.
Oral contraceptives are expected to be about 99.9% effective as birth control methods.
The oral contraceptive pills must be taken from the fifth day of the menstrual cycle,
women count from day one of their menstrual cycle, day one as the first day of
bleeding and on the fifth day, the first tablet should take. Tablets then should take
daily. Most birth control pills are packaged as 21 days or 28-day units. For 21-day
packages, tablets are taken daily for consecutive 21 days. This is followed by a 7 day
during which no contraceptive pills are taken and the cycle repeats. For 28 unit
packages, after the 21 days of contraceptive pills, a placebo (contains no medication)
is taken on the remaining days.

Side effects
°Weight gain or bloating
°Change in appetite
°Nausea
°Mood swings
°Sex drive
°Breast tenderness
°Vaginal discharge
°Headache
°Spotting between periods

Advantages
•Prevents pregnancy
•Eases menstrual cramps
•Decrease the risk of ovarian and uterine cancer
•Decrease incidence of ovarian cysts
•Regulated periods
•Reduce acne problems

Disadvantages
•Requires a medical prescription
•Increased risk of cardiovascular disease
•Require to taken at the same time every day
•No protection against sexually transmitted disease

INTRAUTERINE DEVICES

Intrauterine device or Intrauterine contraceptive device or IUD is a form of

contraception that involves an object placed in the uterus to prevent fertilization of an
egg by sperm, inhibit tubular transport. They are commonly shaped like a “T”, and the
arms of the T aid in hold the device in place.

INTRAUTERINE DEVICES
Copper containing IUD
Copper-T
The TCu380A is a copper IUD. The copper wrapped wire on the base releases copper.
The released copper will lead to a swelling reaction in the uterus that prevents the
fertilization of the egg. It can keep remain in place for 10 years

Read more about copper-T

Levonorgestrel- releasing IUD
Levonorgestrel- releasing IUD
The levonorgestrel-releasing IUD releases a hormone called progestin from the
vertical side of the IUD. This form of IUD can use for up to 5 years. This progestin
helps in cervical mucus thickening and prevents the sperm from entering the uterus

Advantages
IUDs are very successful form of contraception (birth control) that have a high
success rate of 99%.
Their effects are long-lasting. Once inserted, an IUD stops pregnancy for 5 years or
even more. So, you can save from taking a pill every night or wearing a condom every
time you have sex with your long-term partner. Just get an IUD insert in your uterus,
and you can stop worry about contraception for several years.
Unlike permanent sterilization, the effectiveness of this contraceptive device is
completely reversible. You can stay infertile for as long as you do not want to get
pregnant, and you become fertile and increase the chance of pregnancy again once
you get it remove. So, if you inserted an IUD for 5 years, and you change your mind
to have a baby before that, you can simply get your IUD removed, and become
completely fertile again.
An IUD is not having any side effects on your breastfeeding. So, you can get an IUD
insert and continue breastfeeding your baby.
Unlike pills and condoms, you should not require to keep anything by your bedside,
and you can keep a secret if you want that you are using this contraceptive. During
your travel, you don’t need to carry anything in your bag.
Copper IUDs do not contain hormones, which means that they keep you infertile
without causing any hormonal changes in your body.

Disadvantages
Once inserted, around 1% of women have a chance of infection, and 1% of them have
a risk of perforation or damage to the womb.
Copper IUDs may increase the chance of making your periods more painful and
heavier than usual
Some women may also have the risk of an allergic reaction to a foreign material
inserted into their bodies.
hormonal IUD may have side effects like headaches, acne, nausea, breast tenderness,
weight gain, loss of libido, mood changes, etc.
In some cases, IUDs may come out on their own. So it is important to check its
strings after each period.

PATCHES
It is a skinny beige square piece of plastic that can you can stick to the skin. It releases
hormones that prevent releasing eggs from your ovaries. The hormones also thicken
your cervical mucus, which helps to prevent sperm from reaching towards the egg.
Patch change require once a week

Advantages
The patch is very effective
If you are the sort of person who would have a strain to take a pill every day, the
patch might be the right choice. You only required to make sure that you stick once a
week.
It does not interrupt your sexual activity

Disadvantages
No protection from sexually transmitted diseases
Should not use if you have certain medical conditions or take certain medications
It does require a prescription from your health service provider
Side effects like nausea, increased appetite, Irregular bleeding, risk of forming blood
clots

BIRTH CONTROL VAGINAL RING

VAGINAL RING
The vaginal ring is one of the effective birth control methods. The vaginal ring is a
soft, versatile piece of plastic that contains artificial hormones to be absorbed inside
the vagina. It is a hormonal method of birth control that should use only by
prescription. These hormones aids to regulate your fertility in the same way as how
natural hormones work.

The device can insert into your vagina for three weeks and it is remove on the fourth
week and allows you to occur during your menstrual period. At the end of the fourth
week, the process will repeat again. The vaginal ring starts to work immediately, but
the second form of contraceptive should be used during the first seven days of your
first month’s use of the vaginal ring.

Advantages
Highly effective when used correctly
Does not inhibit sexual spontaneity
Fewer side effects
You oughtn’t to remember to take a pill daily
It is reversible.
Disadvantages
No protection against sexually transmitted diseases
Requires a prescription
Requires monthly insertion and removal
Side effects
Headaches
Dizziness
Nausea
Breast tenderness
Fatigue
Moderate weight gain
Change of appetite
BIRTH CONTROL IMPLANTS
IMPLANTS
A birth control implant is a small device that releases hormones to stop ovulation and
pregnancy. The device should insert beneath the skin on the inside of your non-
dominant upper arm. It can be in place for a period of 3 years before it needs to be
removed or replaced.

Advantages
Immediately effective
Private/ hidden
Effective up to 3 years

Disadvantages
Does not protect against STD
Placement and removal requires a doctor
Chance to expel
Each of the birth control or contraceptive measures has its advantages and
disadvantages. Sexually active people can discuss with your health service provider
and select the best birth control method.