Facts and Formulae to MEMORISE for Mathematics National 5 Exam Volume & Surface Area

Area & Perimeter Cuboid: 𝑉 = 𝑙×𝑏×ℎ

Rectangle: 𝐴𝑟𝑒𝑎 = 𝑙 × 𝑏 Prism: 𝑉 =𝐴×ℎ
𝑃𝑒𝑟𝑖𝑚𝑒𝑡𝑒𝑟 = 2 × (𝑙 + 𝑏) Cylinder: 𝑉 = 𝜋 × 𝑟2 × ℎ
Parallelogram: 𝐴𝑟𝑒𝑎 = 𝑏 × ℎ Curved surface area of a cylinder: 𝐶𝑆𝐴 = 2 × 𝜋 × 𝑟 × ℎ
1
Kite/Rhombus: 𝐴𝑟𝑒𝑎 = × 𝑑1 × 𝑑2
2
1 Quadratic equations
Trapezium: 𝐴𝑟𝑒𝑎 = (𝑎 + 𝑏) × ℎ
2 Factorising: Highest common factor, Difference of two squares, Trinomial
1
Triangle: 𝐴𝑟𝑒𝑎 =
2
×𝑏×ℎ Discriminant: 𝑏 2 − 4𝑎𝑐 > 0 Two Real and distinct roots
Circle: 𝐴𝑟𝑒𝑎 = 𝜋 × 𝑟 2 𝑏 2 − 4𝑎𝑐 = 0 Real and equal roots
𝐶𝑖𝑟𝑐𝑢𝑚𝑓𝑒𝑟𝑒𝑛𝑐𝑒 = 𝜋 × 𝑑 𝑏 2 − 4𝑎𝑐 < 0 No real roots
𝑥
𝑆𝑒𝑐𝑡𝑜𝑟 𝐴𝑟𝑒𝑎 = 360° × 𝜋 × 𝑟 2 Completing the square: 𝑦 = (𝑥 − 𝑎)2 + 𝑏 Turning point (𝑎, 𝑏)
𝑥
𝐴𝑟𝑐 𝐿𝑒𝑛𝑔𝑡ℎ = 360° × 𝜋 × 𝑑
Similar Shapes
𝑛𝑒𝑤
Indices Length scale factor: 𝑜𝑙𝑑
𝑎𝑚 × 𝑎𝑛 = 𝑎𝑚+𝑛 Area Scale factor: (𝑙𝑒𝑛𝑔𝑡ℎ 𝑠𝑐𝑎𝑙𝑒 𝑓𝑎𝑐𝑡𝑜𝑟)2
𝑎𝑚 ÷ 𝑎𝑛 = 𝑎𝑚−𝑛 Volume Scale factor: (𝑙𝑒𝑛𝑔𝑡ℎ 𝑠𝑐𝑎𝑙𝑒 𝑓𝑎𝑐𝑡𝑜𝑟)3
(𝑎𝑚 )𝑛 = 𝑎𝑚×𝑛
1
𝑎−𝑚 = 𝑚 Pythagoras
𝑎
𝑚
𝑛 Theorem: 𝑐 2 = 𝑎2 + 𝑏 2
𝑎 = √𝑎 𝑚
𝑛
1 1
3
𝑎0 = 1, 𝑎1 = 𝑎, 𝑎2 = √𝑎, 𝑎3 = √𝑎 Angle properties
Sum of angles in any triangle – always 180°
Surds
Sum of angles in any quadrilateral – always 360°
√𝑎 × √𝑏 = √𝑎 × 𝑏
𝑎
√𝑎 ÷ √𝑏 = √𝑏 Complementary angles (right angle) – always add up to 90°
Supplementary angles (straight line) – always add up to 180°
√𝑎 × √𝑎 = 𝑎
Vertically opposite angles (2 or more straight lines) – always equal
Squares and Cubes Corresponding angles (F shape) – always equal
1, 4, 9, 16, 25, 36, 49, 64, 81, 100, 121, 144, 169, 196, 225 Alternate angles (Z shape) – always equal

1, 8, 27, 64, 125

Straight Line
𝑦 −𝑦 𝑉𝑒𝑟𝑡𝑖𝑐𝑎𝑙
Gradient: 𝑚 = 𝑥2 −𝑥1 or 𝑔𝑟𝑎𝑑𝑖𝑒𝑛𝑡 = 𝐻𝑜𝑟𝑖𝑧𝑜𝑛𝑡𝑎𝑙
2 1
Equation: 𝑦 = 𝑚𝑥 + 𝑐 or 𝑦 − 𝑏 = 𝑚(𝑥 − 𝑎)
Vectors Trigonometry
Component Vector ⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗ = 𝑏 − 𝑎
𝐴𝐵 Right angled Triangles:
𝑂𝑝𝑝 𝐴𝑑𝑗 𝑂𝑝𝑝
𝑥 SOHCAHTOA sin 𝑥° = , cos 𝑥° = , tan 𝑥° =
Magnitude: If 𝑎 = (𝑦) then |𝑎| = √𝑥 2 + 𝑦 2 𝐻𝑦𝑝 𝐻𝑦𝑝 𝐴𝑑𝑗
𝑥
If 𝑏 = (𝑦) then |𝑏| = √𝑥 2 + 𝑦 2 + 𝑧 2 Sine graph: Cos graph:
𝑧

Numbers
Scientific Notation: 𝑎 × 10𝑛 𝑤ℎ𝑒𝑟𝑒 0 < 𝑎 < 10 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑛 𝑖𝑠 𝑎𝑛 𝑖𝑛𝑡𝑒𝑔𝑒𝑟

Percentages, Decimals and Fractions:

1 1 1
50% = 0 ∙ 5 = 2 25% = 0 ∙ 25 = 4 10% = 0 ∙ 1 = 10
1 3 3
100% = 1 = 1 75% = 0 ∙ 75 = 4 30% = 0 ∙ 3 = 10 Tan graph:
7
70% = 0 ∙ 7 =
10
9
90% = 0 ∙ 9 =
10
1 1
20% = 0 ∙ 2 = 5
1% = 0 ∙ 1 = 100
2 1 1
40% = 0 ∙ 4 = 5
33 3 % = 0 ∙ 333. . = 3
3 1 2 2
60% = 0 ∙ 6 = 5
5% = 0 ∙ 05 = 20 66 3 % = 0 ∙ 666. . = 3
4
80% = 0 ∙ 8 = 5
CAST diagram:
Statistics
Range: 𝐻𝑖𝑔ℎ𝑒𝑠𝑡 − 𝐿𝑜𝑤𝑒𝑠𝑡
Interquartile Range: 𝑄𝑢𝑎𝑟𝑡𝑖𝑙𝑒3 − 𝑄𝑢𝑎𝑟𝑡𝑖𝑙𝑒1
Semi-Interquartile Range: (𝑄𝑢𝑎𝑟𝑡𝑖𝑙𝑒3 − 𝑄𝑢𝑎𝑟𝑡𝑖𝑙𝑒1 ) ÷ 2

∑𝑥
Mean Average: 𝑥=
𝑛
Median Average: 𝑄𝑢𝑎𝑟𝑡𝑖𝑙𝑒2
Mode Average: Most common value or category

5 Figure Summary: 𝐻𝑖𝑔ℎ𝑒𝑠𝑡, 𝐿𝑜𝑤𝑒𝑠𝑡, 𝑄𝑢𝑎𝑟𝑡𝑖𝑙𝑒1 , 𝑄𝑢𝑎𝑟𝑡𝑖𝑙𝑒2 , 𝑄𝑢𝑎𝑟𝑡𝑖𝑙𝑒3

sin 𝑥
Trig identities: tan 𝑥 = and sin2 𝑥 + cos 2 𝑥 = 1
cos 𝑥