XPath Axes

1. Ancestor
2. Siblings
a. Following-sibling Axis
b. Preceding-sibling Axis

Ancestor Axis:
The ancestor axis selects the common parent (parent,
grandparent, great-grandparents, etc.) of the current
node.
Syntax: /ancestor::tagname

Siblings:
following-sibling:

The following-sibling selects all sibling nodes after the

current node at the same level. i.e. It will find the
element after the current node.
Syntax: /following-sibling::tagname
For example, the radio button of female and female
text both are siblings on the Facebook home page as
shown in the below screenshot.
Preceding-sibling Axis:

The preceding-sibling axis selects all siblings before the

current node
Syntax: /preceding-sibling::tagname

. Let’s take an example to understand the concept of

the preceding-sibling axis.
Let’s consider videos link as current node as shown in
below screenshot and find the XPath of current node
by using text() method.
Synchronization:
Synchronization: It is a process of matching the
selenium speed with Application speed.
Types of Synchronization:
1.Implicitly wait
2. Explicitly wait
3.Thread.sleep

1.Implicitly wait :
It is a selenium wait which is used to match the
selenium speed with application speed.
Syntax:
driver.manage().timeouts().implicitlyWait(Duration,
TimeUnit.SECONDS);
driver.manage().timeouts().implicitlyWait(20,
TimeUnit.SECONDS);

driver ---->Reference variable

manage()---->WebDriver method
timeouts()---->method inside the options nested
interface.
implicitlyWait()---->method is used to set implicit wait
time and available in TimeOuts nested interface.
TimeUnit-----> it is an inbuilt class in java available in
util package
TimeUnit.SECONDS------>indicates that waiting period
is in seconds.

• The Implicit Wait in Selenium is used to tell the

web driver to wait for a certain amount of time
before it throws a “No Such Element Exception”.
• Once we set the time, the web driver will wait for
the element for that time before throwing an
exception.
 • Implicit wait is applicable for only findElement()
and findElements();
How to Write implicit wait in a code:
driver.manage().timeouts().implicitlyWait(10,
TimeUnit.SECONDS);

Explanation:
• It will search for the element in HTML tree
Structure.
• If Element is found it will returns the address
• If Element is not found it will check for the given
time.
 • If the given time is not over it will internally wait
for 0.5 seconds which is called Polling Period
• If the given time is over, it will throw No such
element Exception
• This process repeats
1. Until the element is found
2. Until the given time is over

Drawbacks:
It is applicable only for findElement() and
findElements().

2.Explicitly Wait: It is a selenium wait which is

used to match the selenium speed with application
speed.
Syntax:
WebDriverWait wait=new
WebDriverWait(driver,timeoutinseconds);
Wait.until(Expected conditions. visibilityOf(element)
elementToBeClickable(element)
titleContains(String));
WebDriverWait wait=new WebDriverWait(driver,10);
wait.until(ExpectedConditions.visibilityOf(ele));
wait.until(ExpectedConditions.elementToBeClickable(el
e).

Explanation:
It will search for the element in HTML tree Structure.
If Element is found it will returns the address
If Element is not found it willcheck for the given time.
If the given time is not over it will internally wait for
0.5 seconds which is called Polling Period
If the given time is over, it will throw TimeOut
Exception
This process repeats
1. Until the element is found
2. Until the given time is over

3.Thread.sleep
• It is java wait
• It is applicable for only particular line
• Syntax: Thread.Sleep()

WebElements:
• It is an interface in selenium which contains 3
types abstract methods.
action()
getter()
Verification()

action():
sendKeys(): which is used send the data.
clear(): which is used to clear data
click():which is used to click the webelement.
Submit(): which is used to submit (nothing but a
click). We will use this only whenever we have a type
=submit in html tree structure.

Script:
package WebElements;

import java.util.concurrent.TimeUnit;

import org.openqa.selenium.By;
import org.openqa.selenium.WebDriver;
import org.openqa.selenium.WebElement;
import org.openqa.selenium.chrome.ChromeDriver;

import io.github.bonigarcia.wdm.WebDriverManager;

// open amazon and type computer and clear the data

public class Actions_Method {
 public static void main(String[] args) throws
InterruptedException {
WebDriverManager.chromedriver().setup();
WebDriver driver = new ChromeDriver();
driver.manage().window().maximize();
driver.manage().timeouts().implicitlyWait(10,
TimeUnit.SECONDS);
driver.get("https://www.amazon.in/");
WebElement textField =
driver.findElement(By.xpath("//input[@id='twotabsea
rchtextbox']"));
textField.sendKeys("computers");
Thread.sleep(5000);

textField.clear();

Thread.sleep(5000);

driver.close();
 }

}
Open the browser enter the Url of www.amazon.in
Type computers and wait for 5 seconds and clear the
data.

getter():
getText():used to get the value.
getAttribute(): It is used to get the attribute value
when we pass the attribute name as an argument.
getLocation():used to get X and Y coordinates of an
element. Return type is point
getSize(): used to get the height and width of an web
element. Return type is dimension

package WebElements;

import java.util.concurrent.TimeUnit;

import org.openqa.selenium.By;
import org.openqa.selenium.Dimension;
import org.openqa.selenium.Point;
import org.openqa.selenium.WebDriver;
import org.openqa.selenium.WebElement;
import org.openqa.selenium.chrome.ChromeDriver;
import io.github.bonigarcia.wdm.WebDriverManager;

public class Getter_Methods {

public static void main(String[] args) throws Throwable {

WebDriverManager.chromedriver().setup();
WebDriver driver = new ChromeDriver();
driver.manage().window().maximize();
driver.manage().timeouts().implicitlyWait(10,
TimeUnit.SECONDS);
driver.get("https://www.facebook.com/");
WebElement password =
driver.findElement(By.xpath("//input[@id='pass']"));
Point loc = password.getLocation();
System.out.println("The x and y co ordinates of
password textfield are as below");
System.out.println(loc.getX());
System.out.println(loc.getY());
Thread.sleep(5000);

System.out.println("The size and width of password

textfield are as below");
Dimension size = password.getSize();
System.out.println(size.getHeight());
System.out.println(size.getWidth());
}

Verification():
isDisplayed()--->to check the element is displayed or
not. Return type is Boolean

public class IsDisplayed {

public static void main(String[] args)

{
WebDriver driver = new ChromeDriver();
driver.manage().window().maximize();
driver.get("https://www.amazon.in/");
 driver.manage().timeouts().implicitlyWait(10,TimeUnit.SEC
ONDS);

WebElement ele =
driver.findElement(By.id("twotabsearchtextbox"));
if (ele.isDisplayed())
{
System.out.println("Pass");
ele.sendKeys("phone");
}
else
{
System.out.println("Fail");
}
driver.close();
}

isEnabled()----->Used to check the element is enabled

or not.Return type is Boolean

public class Isenabled {

public static void main(String[] args)

{
WebDriver driver = new ChromeDriver();
driver.manage().window().maximize();
driver.get("https://www.facebook.com/");

driver.manage().timeouts().implicitlyWait(10,TimeUnit.SEC
ONDS);

WebElement button =
driver.findElement(By.name("login"));
if (button.isEnabled())
{
System.out.println("Pass: element is enabled");
button.click();
}
else
{
System.out.println("Fail: element is not
enabled");
 }

driver.close();
}

isSelected(): Used to check the element is selected or

not .Return type is Boolean

public class IsSelected {

public static void main(String[] args)

{
// chrome driver
WebDriverManager.firefoxdriver().setup();
// opening chrome browser
WebDriver driver = new FirefoxDriver();
// maximizing the browser
driver.manage().window().maximize();
// implicitwait
driver.manage().timeouts().implicitlyWait(10,
TimeUnit.SECONDS);

// entering the url

driver.get("https://www.facebook.com/");
driver.findElement(By.xpath("//a[text()='Create new
account']")).click();
// address of female radio button
WebElement radio =
driver.findElement(By.xpath("//input[@value='1']"));
radio.click();
if (radio.isSelected()) {
System.out.println("pass");
} else {
System.out.println("fail");
}

Navigation API:
Traversing from one page to another page is called as
Navigation API.
API --->Application Programming interface
back--->diver.navigate().back();
farward()---> diver.navigate().forward();
refresh()----> diver.navigate().refresh();
navigate().to() ---->used to navigate from one website
to another website.
driver.navigate().to(“url”);