Republic of the Philippines

Department of Education
REGION VIII
SCHOOLS DIVISION OF MAASIN CITY

Name:_____________________________________ Date:_______________
Grade:_______________________________________ Score:______________

I. Direction: Multiple Choice. Read and answer each question. Write the letter of your answers
in your Music Activity Notebook.

1. A category of music in Malaysia that is developed during the post-Portuguese period.

A) Classical Music C) Syncretic/ Acculturated Music
B) Folk Music D) Urban Music
2. A musical ensemble from the Malay Peninsula that consists of xylophones played
swiftly and rhythmically in traditional Malay functions.
A) Agung and Kulintang C) Kertok
B) Dikir Barat D) Silat Melayu
3. An orchestra that combines some of the percussion and wind instruments of the
Piphat with an expanded string section.
A) Khrueang Sai C) Piphat
B) Mahori D) So Sam Sai
4. Piphat is traditionally played by women in the courts of Central Thailand and
Cambodia.
A) Khrueang Sai C) Piphat Ensemble
B) Mahori D) None of the Above
5. The music of Thailand is theoretically based on the ____ or seven-tone scale
system.
A) Five-tone B) Four-tone C) Six-tone D) Two-tone
6. The most popular folk music instrument from Laos.
A) Khene B) Sep Noi C) Sep Nyai D) So Sam Sai
7. A traditional music in Laos that is largely based around the khene.
A) Mahori C) Morlam
B) Membranophone D) Piphat
8. Lao kings traditionally include these professionals in their royal entourage.
A) Commoners B) Musicians C) Politicians D) Royalty
9. The most popular kind of Vietnamese Imperial Court Music.
A) Dai Nhac B) Nha Nhac C) Tieu Nhac D) Viet Cong
10. This category of Vietnamese Music is extremely diverse as it is performed by
professional musicians down to the blind artists in the streets. It is also influenced by
western elements.
A) Ceremonial Music C) Imperial Court Music
B) Folk Music D) Religious Music

Southeast Asian Music

 Malaysia, Thailand, Laos and Vietnam
MALAYSIA

Malaysia is a constitutional monarchy in Southeast Asia. It is divided into two regions: West Malaysia – also
known as Peninsular Malaysia and East Malaysia. It consists of thirteen states and three federal territories.
Chinese and Indian cultural influences made their mark when trade began in the country. Trading also
increased when immigrants flocked to Malaysia.
The country is multi-ethnic and multi-cultural, which plays a large role in developing their culture. The
constitution declares Islam the state religion while protecting freedom of religion.
Multi-racial groups that influenced Malaysia’s music genre:
1. Malay 5. Dayak
2. Chinese 6. Kadazandusun
3. Indian 7. Eurasians
4. Iban 8. Other groups
Malaysian music is largely based around percussion instruments. It has multicultural influence and is
believed to have originated in the Kelantan-Pattani region with a mixture of India, China, Thailand, and
Indonesian influences.

Music of Malaysia may be categorized into two types:

Classical and Folk music emerged during the pre-colonial period and still exists in the form of
vocal, dance, and theatrical music.
Syncretic (or Acculturated music) is developed during the post-Portuguese period (16th century).
It contains elements from both local music and foreign elements of Arabian, Persian, Indian,
Chinese, and Western musical and theatrical sources.

Musical ensembles and types of performances in Malaysia:

Agung and Kulintang –It is a gong-based musical ensemble commonly used in funerals and
weddings in East Malaysia. This type of ensemble is similar to the kulintang of the Philippines,
Brunei, and Indonesia.

Agung - A set of two Kulintang - An ancient instrumental form of

widerimmed, vertically music composed on a row of small,
suspended gongs. horizontally laid gongs that function
(Idiophone) melodically. (Idiophone)

SOURCE: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Agung

Kertok - Xylophone type and

resonator is a large dried-out
coconut with the top sawn off.
SOURCE: (Idiophone)
https://www.flickr.com/photos/luis_acosta_cr/
4466251636
 1. Kertok – A musical en
swiftly and rhythmically in traditional Malay

2. Dikir Barat – It is a typ

performed by singing in groups and often in a competitive
manner usually with percussion instrumental
accompaniment or sometimes without instruments at all.

Silat Melayu – This is a form of martial art that is similar to t’ai chi. It originated in the Malay Peninsula
since the Christian Era and is a mixture of martial arts, dance, and music usually accompanied by gongs,
drums, and Indian oboes.
THAILAND
Formerly known as Siam, Thailand is known for being the sole nation in Southeast Asia
that has never been ruled by a Western power. It is for this reason that the country is also called
“Muang Thai,” which means “Land of the Free.” History and geography indicate that Thai music is
a conglomeration of Asian influences. Its musical principles and elements are basically derived
from Chinese music, while its musical instruments are inspired from the Indian and Indonesian
strings and gongchimes. The Thais combined and adapted them to their culture and created their
own unique music.

Music is theoretically based on the five-tone or seven-tone scale system. It is not confined
only to the royal courts but is used extensively in dance, theatre, and in ceremonies. Thai folk
music consists of simple songs with simple melodic lines. Its main focus in singing is the
articulation of the text rather than in the style or technique of execution.

Thailand has 3 primary instrumental ensembles that are similar to the other ensembles in
Southeast Asia:

1. Piphat – It is a midsized
orchestra that is performed
in either outdoor style with
hard mallets or indoor style with
padded mallets. This ensemble
has different types but the
highly ornate one is
traditionally associated with
funerals and
cremation ceremonies. Other
versions of the piphat ensemble are used to accompany specific forms of traditional
Thai drama such as the large shadow puppet theater (nang yai) and the khon dance
drama.

2. Khrueang Sai – It is an orchestra that combines some of the percussion and wind
instruments of the Piphat with an expanded string section. This group is primarily used
for indoor performances and for the accompaniment of Stick puppet Theater.

3. Mahori – This ensemble is traditionally played by women in the courts of Central

Thailand and Cambodia. Because of this, instruments for this ensemble are historically
smaller. However, regularsized instruments are used today. A vocalist performing with
 the Mahori is usually
accompanied by the so sam sai.

LAOS
This country is an independent state of Southeast Asia and is officially known as the Lao
People’s Democratic Republic. It is formerly part of the Indochinese Union, also known as French
Indochina. Wat Pha That Luang, Vientiane is one of its famous landmarks.

The classical music and dance of Laos are highly influenced by India, Cambodia, and Thailand.
Themes are drawn from Hindu mythology, the Buddhist Jataka tales, and local legends.

The royal entourage of Lao kings traditionally included musicians, and a

typical
orchestra
improvised songs
with sets of tuned
gongs,
xylophones, a
bamboo Khene – a large flute,
and other bamboo mouth wind
instruments. organ (Aerophone) The
Lao
orchestra can be divided into two categories:
http://www.depednegor.net/uploads/8/3/5/2/8352879/music_teachers_guide_1.pdf

1. Sep Nyai – This is similar to the piphat of Thailand with instruments that are strictly
percussive but also integrates the use of an oboe.
2. Sep Noi – This is also known as the mahori of Thailand. However, it incorporates
the use of several khene which is a large bamboo mouth organ and is the most popular
folk music instrument of Laos.

Traditional music, called mor lam, is largely based around khene.

If you have a smartphone, check-out the links below to view some examples of some Lao
musical performances:

VIETNAM

Vietnam is officially known as the Socialist Republic of Vietnam. This country is located on the
eastern coast of the Indochinese Peninsula. Vietnamese music nhạc Việt Nam refers to the
ethnic music that originated from the “Kinh” people of
Vietnam. This term is also used to address the music of
any of the numerous ethnic minorities including the
Montagnard, Degar, Tay, Charm, and others.

Although Vietnam is geographically part of Southeast

Asia, ten centuries of rule by the Chinese to the north have
made the culture much closer to the Far East than to its
Southeast Asian neighbors. Thus, early music theory was either based upon or adapted from the
prevailing Chinese theory, and the majority of instruments used in the royal court were of Chinese
origin.

On the other hand, other influences can be seen with the ethnic minorities, such as the Chàm or
Montagnard people. This is possibly due to interaction with the other countries of Southeast Asia.
Vietnamese music shows signs of Indian influences, noticeable in improvisation preludes of
chamber music (known as rao in the South and dao in the North) as well as usage of
onomatopoeia in drum playing.

Traditional and Folk Music

Vietnamese traditional music can be separated into a few major categories, divided predominantly
by the way in which were used in the people’s cultural lives.

Categories of Vietnamese Music:

1. Imperial Court Music – The most popular of this kind is the nha nhac that was popularly
performed during the Tran Dynasty to the Nguyen Dynasty. This form of classical music is
also performed in honor of the gods and scholars in temples. Other classical music falling
into this category includes the dai nhac (great music) and the tieu nhac (small music)
which was performed as chamber music for the king.

2. Folk Music – This category is extremely

diverse because it includes music performed
both indoors and outdoors. Performers
of this category are also diverse.
They may be professional musicians
down to the blind artists in the streets
who perform to earn their living.
Vietnamese folk music is performed on different
occasions depending on its sub- category. It
may be performed in musical theaters,
streets, courtship rituals, and
ceremonies for invoking spirits. They are sometimes also influenced by western elements.
Some Vietnamese music only makes use of female singers and some have both male and
female singers.

3. Religious and Ceremonial Music – This is the music performed in religious rituals or at
funerals.