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Lecture 2

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12 views13 pages

Lecture 2

Uploaded by

abirkabir23
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Introduction to Programming

Contents
▪ Type Casting
▪ Conditions
If
else
else if
▪ Switch
Type Casting
• Converting one datatype into another is known as type casting.

#include<iostream>
#include<iostream>
using namespace std;
using namespace std;
int main()
int main()
{
{
float a= 3.45; float b= 4.57;
float a= 3.45; float b= 4.57;
int z;
float z = a + b;
z= (int)a + (int) b;
cout<< z; //output 8.02
cout<< z; //output 7
return 0;
return 0;
}
}
Conditions
• C++ has the following conditional statements:
1. Use if to specify a block of code to be executed, if a specified
condition is true
2. Use else to specify a block of code to be executed, if the same
condition is false
3. Use else if to specify a new condition to test, if the first
condition is false
Conditions... (if)
• Use the if statement to specify a block of C++ code to be executed if
a condition is true.
• Syntax--
if (condition)
{
// block of code to be executed if the condition is true
}
Conditions... (if)
#include<iostream>
#include<iostream>​
using namespace std;
using namespace std;​
int main()
int main()​
{
{​
int a=15; int b=20;
if(15>10)​
if(a<b)
{​
{
cout<<"15 is greater than 10";​
cout<<"b is greater than a";
}​
}
return 0;​
return 0;
}
}
Conditions...(else)
• Use the else statement to specify a block of code to be executed if
the condition is false.
• Syntax-
if (condition)
{
// block of code to be executed if the condition is true
} else
{
// block of code to be executed if the condition is false
}
Conditions...(else)
#include <iostream>
#include <iostream>
using namespace std;
using namespace std;
int main() {
int main() {
int number = 90;
int number = 90;
if (number > 80)
if (number < 80) {
{
cout << "Hey I get A+";
cout << "Hey I get A+";
} else {
} else{
cout << "Hey I get A";
cout << "Hey I get A";
}
}
return 0;
return 0;
}
}
Conditions...(else if)
• Use the else if statement to specify a new condition if the first
condition is false.
• Syntax-
if (condition1) {
// block of code to be executed if condition1 is true
} else if (condition2) {
// block of code to be executed if the condition1 is false and condition2 is
true
} else {
// block of code to be executed if the condition1 is false and condition2 is
false
}
Conditions...(else if)
#include <iostream> #include <iostream>
using namespace std; using namespace std;

int main() { int main() {


int hours = 16; int hours = 20;
if (hours < 12) { if (hours < 12) {
cout << "Good morning."; cout << "Good morning.";
} else if (hours < 18) { } else if (hours < 18) {
cout << "Good Noon."; cout << "Good Noon.";
} else { } else {
cout << "Good evening."; cout << "Good evening.";
} }
return 0; return 0;
} }
Switch
• Use the switch statement to select one of many code blocks to be
executed.
• Syntax-
switch(expression) {
case x:
// code block
break;
case y:
// code block
break;
default:
// code block
}
Switch...
• The switch expression is evaluated once.
• The value of the expression is compared with the values of each case.
• If there is a match, the associated block of code is executed.
• The break and default keywords are optional.
• When C++ reaches a break keyword, it breaks out of the switch block.
• This will stop the execution of more code and case testing inside the block.
• When a match is found, and the job is done, it's time for a break. There is no
need for more testing.
• The default keyword specifies some code to run if there is no case match.
Switch...

#include <iostream> case 3:


using namespace std; cout << "Green: BBA";
break;
int main() { case 4:
int color = 4; cout << "Blue: CSE";
switch (color) { break;
case 1: default:
cout << "Merun: Law, English"; cout << "None";
break;
case 2: }
cout << "Yellow: EEE,COE"; return 0;
break; }

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