PHY112 Revision Booklet

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com
FACILIS VERSIO OF PHY112

(PHYSICS MADE EASY)
By Montlatsi Masalila
Isaac Moshoeshoe
Geometrical Optics, Mechanics and Vibrations and Waves
COLECAO DE PERGUNTAS
Monmas Literature Department@2022

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TABLE OF CONTENTS
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
PART A PHY112 RAPID QUESTIONS
This section contains of the questions per tutorial.
PART B
This section contains of test questions and examination questions.The tests have duration in
which you should answer so for effective practice respect the times set per paper.PHY112
questions are full of calculations.Please do each calculation per a question.
After you finish answering any paper send your answer sheet to the following email
[email protected] .Make sure you write the test/exam code .For your paper
to be marked you are expected to pay P30.00.SEND THE PROOF OF PAYMENT TO THE
ABOVE EMAIL.
THIS DOCUMENT IS CHAPTER 1 OF THE FACILIS VERSIO BOOK WHICH WILL SOON
BE COMPILED SOON
AUTHOR(S) REMARKS
MONTLATSI MASALILA
I HAD TO COMPILE SUCH A GOOD MACHINE SO THAT YOU WOULD MAKE IT EASY.PHYSICS TO US IS
A CULTURE THAT WE LIVE.JOIN ME AND MY DEAR BROTHER MOSHOESHOE AS YOU LEARN OUR
CULTURE.
SIGNATURE: M.MASALILA (BACHELOR OF PHARMACY STUDENT)
ISAAC MOSHOESHOE
TO ME PHYSICS IS NOT A SUBJECT RATHER A PRINCIPLE OF LIFE.THE SAME WATI RESPECT THE
LAWS OF MY COUNTRY IS THE SAME WAY I RESPECT PHYSICS.PHYSICS NEED STRONG MEN TO
FACE IT .
SIGNATURE:I.MOSHOESHOE (BSC MEASURE IN PHYSICS AND MATHS STUDENT)

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QUESTION BANK OF 2022
MC 1
ATTEMPT THE FOLLOWING QUESTIONS
1. The gravitational constant G is 2.4 x 10-7 m3 min-2 kg-1. What is G in units of cm3 s-1 g-
1
?
2. Petrol consumption in Europe is measured in litres (L) per 100 km while in the United
States it is measured in miles (mi) per gallon (gal). The consumption of a certain car in
Europe is 20 L per 100 km. Convert the consumption to mi gal-1. 1 gal = 231 inch3
3. When an electron of mass m revolves around the nucleus with velocity v in a circular
nh
path of radius r, its angular momentum is given by m v r = , where n is an integer
2
and h is a constant. Use dimensional analysis to determine the dimensions of h.
4. Verify whether or not the following equations are dimensionally correct.
mv2 p2
(a) = , where m is mass, v is velocity and p is momentum.
2 2m
F 2
(b) x = ux t + t , where x is displacement, ux is velocity, t is time, m is mass and
2 m2
F is force.
5. The speed of sound in a metal depends only on the density (mass per unit volume) 
and the bulk modulus of the metal, B, which has dimensions ML-1T-2. Use
dimensional analysis to work out the formula for the speed of sound in a metal.
a. The pressure exerted on a surface is 23.5 N in-2. What is the pressure in g cm-1
min-2?
Note: in is inch, g is gram and min is minute.
b. The rate at which a car uses petrol (at a certain speed) is 0.024 gal mil-1.
Calculate the distance that the car would travel if the petrol tank contains 30
litres.
1 gal = 231 inch3 and mil is mile
c. Poiseuille’s equation for fluid flow through a horizontal tube is expressed as

 (P) R 4
Q= , where Q is the flow rate (volume per unit time),  is the
8L

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coefficient of viscosity, R is the radius, L is the length and P is the change in

pressure (force per unit area). Use dimensional analysis to determine the
dimensions of the coefficient of viscosity.
d. Verify whether or not the following equations are dimensionally correct.
m1 m2
(c) F =G , where F is force, m1 and m2 are masses, r is radius and G has
r2
dimensions ML3T −2 .
4F 2
(d) x = ux t 2 + t , where x is displacement, ux is velocity, t is time, m is mass and
m
F is force.
e. The displacement of an object of mass m after time t when a net force F acts on it is
dependent on F, t and m. Use dimensional analysis to work out the formula for the
displacement of the object.
MC2
6. Two vectors A and B are given by A=3i + 7j – 2 k and B = 2i + 5j + k.

(a) Evaluate A+B; and A-B. (b) Find the magnitudes of A and B.
(c) Evaluate A • B. (d) Evaluate A  B.
7.Given two forces: F1 = (20N, 370) and F2 = (60N, 630) which lie in the x-y plane.
(a) Express the vectors in terms of the unit vectors i and j along the x and y axes.
(b) Find (F1 + F2) by the method of vector algebra. Express the result in terms of the
unit vectors, and in terms of the magnitude and direction.
8. Figure 2.1 shows three forces F1, F2 and F3 which act at a point in the x-y plane on an
object.
(a) Find by vector algebra the resultant on the object.
(b) Find the force F4 which should be applied to have the net force acting on the object
equal to zero.
9. In figure 2.2, find tensions T1 and T2 in the strings when the system is in equilibrium (net
force equal to zero.
10. The speed of a boat in still water is 10 km h-1. Suppose a person in the boat wishes to
cross the river, that is 3km wide and flowing eastwards at 7 km h-1, and reach a destination
exactly opposite to him on the other side of the river.
(a) Find the velocity of the boat and the direction in which the boat should be rowed.
(b) Calculate the time taken to reach the destination.
(c) If the boat is rowed due north
(i) How far from the destination would the boat land?
(ii) What would the resultant speed of the boat be?

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y
F2 = 40 N
30o
T1
F1 = 20 N T2
45o
x
45o
F3 = 30 N 150 N
Figure 2.2
Figure 2.1
  
11. Three vectors are given as A = −3iˆ − 2 ˆj , B = 4iˆ + 5 ˆj and C = 2iˆ − ˆj
  
(a) Graphically illustrate A + B − C in a two-dimensional co-ordinate system and hence
   
show the resultant D = A + B − C
   
(b) Find the magnitude and direction of A, B, C and D by direct measurements on the
diagram.
 
12. Two forces, F1 = (60 N ,40) and F2 = (45 N ,−30) lie in the x-y plane.
(a) Sketch the two forces
(b) Express the vectors in terms of the unit vectors iˆ and ĵ along the x-y plane.
  
(c) Use vector algebra to find F = F1 − F2 , giving your answer in terms of the
magnitude and direction with respect to the positive x-axis.
  
13. The Figure shows three vectors O, P and Q with indicated y
magnitudes and directions acting on an object in the x-y plane. 20o
(a) Express the three vectors in terms of the unit vectors
(b) Using vector algebra, find the resultant vector (magnitude and O=6N
direction) acting on the object.

(c) Find the fourth vector Z (expressed in unit vectors) that x
40o
should be applied to have the net force acting on the object Q=4N
P=5N
equal to 6 N at an angle of 15° above the positive x-axis. 35o
 
a. Three vectors are given by S = aiˆ + 2 ˆj − 3kˆ , T = 4iˆ − 2bˆj − 6kˆ and
   
R = −3iˆ + 4 ˆj − 3ckˆ . Given that R = S + T , determine the values of a, b and c,
   
and hence calculate V = −3S + 2T − R + 5iˆ

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MC3
14. A car starting from rest accelerates uniformly and attains a velocity of 61.2 km h -1 in
17 s Determine:
15. the acceleration of the car
16. the total distance travelled
17. the velocity of the car at the end of the 9th second
18. the distance travelled in the 10th second
19. A car is moving at 86.4 km h-1 when the driver sees a road block, applies the brakes
and stops in 6 s.
(a) Calculate the acceleration of the car when it stops.
(b) If the car stopped 3 m before the roadblock, what was the distance of the roadblock
when the driver started applying the brakes
(c) If the driver were to stop just at the roadblock;
(i) What should be the acceleration of the car?
(ii) How long will it take to stop?
20. A small airplane that can accelerate at 4.00 m s -2, when its engines are on full power,
must reach a speed of at least 158.4 km h-1 before it can takeoff.
(i) Can the plane takeoff on a 200 m long runway?
(ii) Calculate the minimum length of the runway and the minimum time required for
takeoff.
(iii)Calculate the minimum length of the runway and the time required for takeoff, if
the plane starts by accelerating at 2.0 m s-2 for 5 s before the engines are put to full
power, when the acceleration changes to 4 m s-2.
21. A stone thrown from the top of a building is given an initial velocity of 29.4 m s -1
straight upward. The building is 58.8 m high, and the stone just misses the edge of the
roof on its way down. Determine
(a) the maximum height, above ground, reached by the stone and the time taken to
reach the height.
(b) the velocity of the stone and its position after 7 s.
(c) the time to reach the ground and the velocity with which it hits the ground.
22. Two stones are thrown vertically from two different floors of a building. The first stone
is thrown up with an initial speed of 11 m s-1 from the top of the 12th floor of a building
and takes 4.5 s to hit the ground. One and a half second later, the second stone is thrown
from the top of the 4th floor with an initial speed u m s-1. The two stones hit the floor at
the same time.
Assuming equal height floors, determine
(a) speed u and the direction in which it is thrown.
(b) the velocities with which the stones hit the floor.
23. A car starting from rest accelerates uniformly and attains a velocity of 61.2 km h-1 in
17 s Determine:
24. the acceleration of the car
25. the total distance travelled

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26. the velocity of the car at the end of the 9th second
27. the distance travelled in the 10th second
28. A car is moving at 86.4 km h-1 when the driver sees a road block, applies the brakes
and stops in 6 s.
(d) Calculate the acceleration of the car when it stops.
(e) If the car stopped 3 m before the roadblock, what was the distance of the roadblock
when the driver started applying the brakes
(f) If the driver were to stop just at the roadblock;
(i) What should be the acceleration of the car?
(ii) How long will it take to stop?
(iii)
29. A small airplane that can accelerate at 4.00 m s -2, when its engines are on full power,
must reach a speed of at least 158.4 km h-1 before it can takeoff.
(iv) Can the plane takeoff on a 200 m long runway?
(v) Calculate the minimum length of the runway and the minimum time required for
takeoff.
(vi) Calculate the minimum length of the runway and the time required for takeoff, if
the plane starts by accelerating at 2.0 m s-2 for 5 s before the engines are put to full
power, when the acceleration changes to 4 m s-2.
30. A stone thrown from the top of a building is given an initial velocity of 29.4 m s -1
straight upward. The building is 58.8 m high, and the stone just misses the edge of the
roof on its way down. Determine
(d) the maximum height, above ground, reached by the stone and the time taken to
reach the height.
(e) the velocity of the stone and its position after 7 s.
(f) the time to reach the ground and the velocity with which it hits the ground.
31. Two stones are thrown vertically from two different floors of a building. The first stone
is thrown up with an initial speed of 11 m s-1 from the top of the 12th floor of a building
and takes 4.5 s to hit the ground. One and a half second later, the second stone is thrown
from the top of the 4th floor with an initial speed u m s-1. The two stones hit the floor at
the same time.
Assuming equal height floors, determine
(c) speed u and the direction in which it is thrown.
(d) the velocities with which the stones hit the floor.
32. An aeroplane that is flying at a speed of 140 m s-1 is flying in a region where the wind
velocity is 100.8 km h-1 at an angle of 30 East of North.
A.If the pilot is not aware of the wind and flies the plane at an angle of 30° north of
east, what will be the magnitude and direction of velocity of the plane relative to the
ground?
B. If the plane is to have a velocity of magnitude 140 m s-1 at an angle
of 30º north of east, relative to the ground, determine the
magnitude and direction of the required flying velocity of the
plane.
 
33. Two vectors are given by A = 3 iˆ + 2 ˆj + 4 kˆ and B = −4 iˆ + 3 ˆj + −kˆ

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a. (
   
)(
Calculate A • B A − B
   
)
b. Determine A  B and B  A and compare them.
 
34. Two vectors are given by A = 5 iˆ + 2 ˆj − kˆ and B = 2 iˆ + bˆj − 3 kˆ .
i. Given that the two vectors are perpendicular, find b.
ii. Using the value of b found in (a) find two vectors that are perpendicular
 
to both A and B .
 
35. Two vectors are given by S = −7iˆ + 2 ˆj − 3kˆ and R = −3iˆ + 4 ˆj + 3kˆ .
1. Use the cross product to find two possible angles between the two vectors.
2. Use dot product to find which of the two possible angles is the angle between the
two vectors.
36. A football kicked at ground level with a speed of 18.0 m s -1 at an angle of ° to the
vertical has a time of flight of 3 s. Assuming a level ground, calculate
(a) Angle 
(b) the height and velocity of the ball after 2.0 s.
(c) the time the ball spends at a height greater than 7 m from the ground.
(d) the horizontal distance moved by the ball at a height more than 7 m above the
ground.
37. A person standing on a 49 m high cliff above sea level throws a stone with a velocity
of 10 m s-1 at 50° with the horizontal. The stone hits a person swimming in the sea.
Calculate:
(vii) The horizontal distance of the swimmer from the foot of the cliff
(viii) he maximum height, above sea level, reached by the stone during its flight.
(ix) The velocity of the stone when it hit the swimmer.
38. A footballer playing on a flat ground kicks the ball at an initial velocity of 135 km h -1
at an angle of 15° to the horizontal. The height of the goal posts is 2 m. Determine the
horizontal distance from the goal posts within which a goal may result from the kick
without bouncing.
39. Two projectiles, R and S, are projected from the same point on a level ground, with the
same initial speed at angles of projection R = (45 + ) and S = (45 – ), respectively,
where  < 45. Show that the two projectiles have the same horizontal range.
40. A softball player bats a ball that is 80 cm above the ground level with an initial velocity
of 39.2 m s-1 at an angle of projection of 30° above the horizontal. A player who can
catch the ball at any height between 50 cm and 2.4 m is to catch the ball as it descends.
Calculate
(g) the maximum height above the ground, that the ball will reach.
(h) the minimum and maximum time of flight of the ball if the player catches it.
(i) the horizontal distances from the batter within which the player would be able to
catch the ball.

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41. A car is moving at 90 km h-1 when the driver notices an animal that is about to cross
the road and he decides to apply the brakes. The reaction time of the driver is 0.3 s. The
time from noticing the animal to the car stopping is 5.3 s.
42. Sketch a velocity time graph of the motion from the time the driver notices the animal.
43. Calculate the acceleration of the car when it stopped.
44. Calculate the distance travelled by the car from the time the driver noticed the animal.
45. If the car stopped 2m before passing the point where the animal was when noticed,
calculate the acceleration that would have resulted in the car stopping at the point where
the animal was when noticed.
46. The traffic lights at a 9 m wide intersection turn from green to amber when a 4.5 m long
car moving at 45 km h-1 is 17.5 m from the Stop line at the intersection. The car can
accelerate at -5.8 m s-2 to slow down from 45 km h-1 until it stops and the driver’s
reaction time is 0.2 s.
(a) Calculate the acceleration required if the car is to stop at the Stop line.
(b) Will the car be able to stop at the Stop line? Give a reason.
(c) On realising that the lights are changing, the driver decides to accelerate and pass
the intersection before the lights turn red. The car can accelerate from 45 km h -1
to 88.2 km h-1 in 6 s, and it takes 2 s for the lights to turn from green to amber to
red.
(i) Will the driver be able to completely cross the intersection before the lights turn
red?
(ii) What is the minimum acceleration required to completely cross the intersection
before the lights turn red?
47. A 1.8 m tall person standing on the roof of a building that is a height H above the ground
throws an object up with a speed of 19.6 m s-1. The object is projected from a point 60
cm above the top of the person’s head. The object hits the ground with a speed of 56 m
s-1.
(a) Calculate the time the stone would be in air before it hits the ground.
(b) Determine H.
(c) Calculate the velocity of the object when it is a distance of 15 m above the ground.
48. Two stones, stone A and stone B, are thrown vertically from the top of a 49 m high
building with a speed of 9.8 m s-1. Stone A is thrown up while stone B is thrown
downwards.
(e) How long will it take for each stone to hit the ground?
(f) If the two stones are to hit the ground at the same time, which stone would have
to be thrown after the other and after how many seconds would it be thrown?
49. Two masses m1=3kg and m2=2kg are

connected by a chord on a frictionless surface
m1 m2
inclined at angle  = 300 and  = 600. Find the
tension and the acceleration if m1 accelerates
up the plane.
 

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50. The drawing shows three objects

connected by strings that pass over mass 80 kg
less and friction free pulleys. The objects
move, and the coefficient of kinetic
friction between the middle object and the
surface of the table is 0.100.
(a) What is the acceleration of the three
objects? (b) Find the tension in each of the 10 kg 25 kg
two strings.
51. A 95.0-kg person stands on a scale in an elevator. Find the apparent weight when the
elevator is:
(a) accelerating upward with an acceleration of 1.80 m s-2
(b) moving upward at a constant speed
(c) accelerating downward with an acceleration of 1.30 m s-2
52. A golfer, driving a golf ball off the tee, gives the ball a velocity of + 38 m s-1. The mass of
the ball is 0.045 kg, and the duration of the impact with the golf club is .
(a) What is the change in momentum of the ball?
(b) Determine the average force applied to the ball by the club.
53. A worker drags a crate across a factory floor by pulling

on a rope tied to the crate as shown. The worker exerts F
a force of magnitude F = 450 N on the rope, which is
inclined at angle θ=380 to the horizontal, and the floor f 
exerts a horizontal force of magnitude f = 125 N that
opposes the motion. Calculate the magnitude of the
acceleration of the crate if
(a) its mass is 310 kg
(b) its weight is 310 N.
54. A ball thrown from a height of 1.8 m above the ground is to enter a balcony at a height
of 6.7 m above the ground with only a horizontal component of the velocity. The
balcony is at a horizontal distance of 4 m from the point of projection. Determine the
speed and direction of projection required.
i. A stone projected from a building at a height of 12.8 m above the ground

towards a pole with a tip that is 17.7 m above the ground just clears the
tip of the pole. The stone is projected with a speed of u m s -1 at an angle
of 40° to the horizontal, and the tip of the pole is a horizontal distance
of 19.6 m from the point of projection of the stone. Calculate
the initial speed of the stone.
55. the vertical component of the velocity of the stone when it cleared the pole and hence
state the direction of the vertical motion of the stone (upwards or downwards) when it
cleared the pole.
56. the time it would take the stone to hit the ground.
57. the horizontal distance from the point of projection when the stone hits the ground

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58. A soldier hiding behind a wall at a height of 16.5 m above the ground has to shoot at a
1.8 m tall enemy walking, on the ground, towards his hideout. The initial velocity of
the bullet is 19.6 m s-1 and the gun is shot at an angle of 60º to the vertical. Under these
conditions, the bullet clears the wall. Determine the range of the horizontal distance,
from the soldier, within which part of the body of the enemy will be hit by the bullet.
i. The Figure shows trajectories of two objects projected from points A

and B, which are 25 m apart. The range of the object projected from A
is RA while that of the object projected from B is R B. The two objects
are projected with the same speed, but at different angles to the
horizontal. Angle of projection for object A is 50° while that of object
B is 60º. Determine the projection speed and ranges RA and RB.
RA RB
4m
A B
25 m
59. In figure block A (mass 1.6 kg) slides into block B (mass 2.4
kg), along a frictionless surface. The directions of three
velocities before (i) and after (f) the collision are indicated in
the figure. The corresponding speeds are VAi = 5.5 m/s, VBi =
2.5 m/s, and VBf = 4.9 m/s.

a)What are the direction and magnitude of velocity v Af ?
b)Is the collision elastic? Justify your answer with calculations.
60. A particle, starting from point A in the drawing, is projected down the
curved runway. Upon leaving the runway at point B, the particle is
travelling straight upward and reaches a height of 4.00 m above the
floor before falling back down. Ignoring friction and air resistance and
using only the work energy principles, find the speed of the particle
at point A.
61. A particle of mass m=5.00kg is released from point A and slides on

the frictionless track down as shown in the figure. Determine a)the
particles speed at points B and C and (b) the net work done by the
gravitational force as the particle moves from A to C.
62. The coefficient of friction between the 3.00kg block and the surface in
the figure is 0.400. The system starts from rest. What is the speed of
the 5.00kg ball when it has fallen 1.5m?

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63. A 3.00kg object has avelocity of (6.00i-2.00j)m/s.

(a) What is its kinetic energy at this moment?
(b) What is the net work done on the object if its velocity changes to (8.00i+4.00j)m/s? (note:
→ →
from the definition of dot product v 2 = v • v )
64. A person pushing a 10.3 kg shopping trolley on a smooth surface applies a constant
force of 12.1 N along the direction of motion of the trolley. If the trolley starts from
rest, how far will it move in 2.5 s
 
65. A 3 kg object placed on ice has forces F1 = (3 iˆ + 5 ˆj ) N , F2 = (2 iˆ − ˆj ) N and

F3 = (4 iˆ + 2 ˆj ) N acting on it along the x-y plane. Find the magnitude and direction of
the acceleration of the object.
66. A 420 g ball that approached a footballer with a speed of 5 m s -1 turns back with a speed
of 10 m s-1 after the foot of the footballer was in contact with it for 0.2 s. Calculate
the impulse and the average force exerted by the footballer on the ball.
67. The diagram shows a rope ABCD hanging from A

the fixed points A and D. At point B mass m1
= 12 kg is hanging and at point C an object of
unknown mass m2 is hanging. When BC is D
horizontal and the angles are as shown in the
diagram, the system is in equilibrium. Calculate 60o B C 30o
the tensions on strings AB, BC and CD and
determine mass m.
m1 m2
70. If a stone is thrown straight up so that it reaches a maximum height h,

(i) at what height does it have one-half of its initial kinetic energy?
(ii) at what height does it have one-half of its initial momentum?
(b) A portion of the Okavango River has a downward slope of 0.074 m per kilometer. The
rate of flow of water in the river is 280 m3 s-1. Assuming that the speed of the water is
constant along the river, calculate the power wasted by friction of the water against the
riverbed per kilometer.
71. A 1-kg object moving at 9 m s-1 collides with a 2-kg object moving at 6 m s-1 in a direction
that is perpendicular to the initial direction of motion of the 1-kg object. The two masses
remain together after the collision, and this composite object then collides with and sticks
to a 3-kg object. After these collisions, the final composite (6-kg) object remains at rest.
What was the speed of the 3-kg object before the collisions?
(b) A 0.012-kg bullet moving horizontally strikes and remains in a 3-kg block initially at rest
on the edge of a table. The block, which is initially 0.8 m above the floor, strikes the floor
a horizontal distance of 1.2 m from its initial position. What was the initial speed of the
bullet?

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72. An ultra-centrifuge spins a small test tube in a circle of radius 10 cm at 1000

revolutions per second. What is the centripetal acceleration of the test tube?
(b) The moon moves around the Earth in a circular orbit of radius 3.8x108 m in 27 days. If
the mass of the moon is 3x1022 kg, calculate the magnitude of the force required to
keep the moon in its orbit.
(c) A rough horizontal turntable can rotate about a vertical axis and a heavy particle is
placed at a distance of 50 cm from the axis. The table is made to rotate with gradually
increasing angular velocity. If the coefficient of friction between the particle and the
table is 0.2, show that the particle will not move relative to the table if the number of
rev/min does not exceed 19.
73(a) A particle moving inside a smooth spherical bowl of radius a is describing a

a
horizontal circle at a distance below the centre of the bowl. Prove that its speed is
2
6 ga
(b) What is the maximum speed with which a car can round a curve of radius 100 m
without skidding? Assume that the road is flat and that the coefficient of static friction
between the tyres and the road surface is 0.8.
74(a) An airplane moves 140 m s-1 as it travels around a vertical circular loop which has a 1.0
km radius. What is the magnitude of the resultant force on the 70-kg pilot of this plane at
the bottom of this loop?
(b) A 0.5-kg mass attached to the end of a string swings in a vertical circle of radius 2.0 m.
When the mass is at the lowest point on the circle, the speed of the mass is 12 m s-1.
What is the magnitude of the force of the string on the mass at this point?
75. A person pushing a 10.3 kg shopping trolley on a rough

surface applies a constant force of 61.3 N at an angle of 30°
above the horizontal. The coefficient of friction between the
trolley and the floor is 0.3.
(a) If the trolley starts from rest, how far will it move in 2.5 s?
(b) Calculate the distance travelled by the trolley in 2.5 s if the person pulls the
trolley with the same force of 61.3 N at an angle of 30º above the horizontal and
the trolley starts from rest.
76. An object of mass

m1 = 10.0 kg rests on
a rough surface
inclined at  = 37°
to the horizontal. It
is connected by a m2 m1
light, inextensible
cord that passes
over a massless and 
frictionless pulley,
to a second object of mass m2 hanging freely as shown in the

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Figure. If m2 is small enough, m1 would slide-down the

incline and if it is large enough, m1 would slide-up the
incline.
(a) Determine the expression for acceleration and tension on the cord when m1 moves
up the incline
(b) If the coefficient of static friction, s = 0.40, determine the maximum value that
m2 can have without causing motion of m1 up the incline.
77. Two connected masses m1

= 300g and m2 = 500 g are m1
such that m2 moves down
an inclined plane and m1
moves along a horizontal m2
surface as shown in the
Figure. The string is light 
and inextensible and the
coefficient of kinetic friction between m2 and the inclined
plane is 0.37 while the coefficient of kinetic friction between
m1 and the horizontal surface is k. When  = 40° the masses
move at constant speed.
(a) Determine k.

(b) Calculate the acceleration if  is increased to 50º
(c)
78. A 65 kg person going to the ground floor enters the elevator
at the second floor and stands on a scale in the elevator.
When the elevator starts moving to the ground floor, the
magnitude of the acceleration is 1.8 m s-2. After attaining the
desired speed, the elevator moves at constant velocity until it
slows down at an acceleration of magnitude 1.6 m s-2 to stop
at the ground floor. Find the apparent weight (weight that the
scale will show) when the elevator:
(a) Starts moving at the second floor
(b) Moves with constant velocity
(c) Slows down to stop at the ground floor.
80. A worker drags an object along the x-y plane with a force

F = 3 iˆ + 5 ˆj N for 2.3 s. During this period, the displacement

of the object is S = 1.15 iˆ + 3.45 ˆj m.
(c) Calculate the work done during the 2.3 s
(d) Calculate the power dissipated by the worker
(e) If the object were displaced through 4.6 m along the x-axis what would be the
power dissipated by the man?
81. A 4.0 kg object starts at the top of a rough plane that is inclined
to the horizontal at an angle of 30º with a speed of 6 m s -1.
After sliding for 2 m along the plane the speed of the object is

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6.8 m s-1. Use work energy principles to determine the

coefficient of friction between the block and the plane.
C D
50 m
35 m
B
10 m
i. In the Figure ABC is a smooth surface while

CD is a rough surface that is parallel to the
ground. A 3 kg object starting from A with a
speed of 2 m s-1 moves through the lowest point
B and rises up to point C when it starts slowing
down until it stops. The coefficient of friction
between the surface CD and the object is 0.27.
Calculate;
(a) the speed of the object when it passes point B

(b) the speed of the object when it passes point C.
(c) the distance travelled by the object on surface CD, before it stops.
90. A 200 g object moving in the x-y plane with

a speed of 5 m s-1 at an angle of 30º above
the x-axis collides with an object that is
moving at 3.849 m s-1 at an angle of 60°
below the x-axis. The two objects stick
together and move along the x-axis.
Calculate;
(a) the mass of the second object

(b) the speed with which the objects move with after the collision.
ii. Two objects of masses m1 = 5 kg and m2 = 3 kg

moving eastward with speeds v1 = 10 ms-1 and
v2 = 4 ms-1, respectively undergo a perfectly
elastic collision after which they continue
moving eastwards with speeds v3 (  v1) and v4
(  v2), respectively. Determine v3 and v4.

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iii. A 10 g bullet fired horizontally strikes, and gets

embedded in a 4.49 kg wooden block placed at
the edge of a table. The bullet strikes the block
at a speed of 900 m s-1 and the block with the
embedded bullet falls to the ground at a
horizontal distance of 1.0 m from the table.
Calculate the height of the table.
iv. An 85 kg man wishes to swing down from his

tree house at a height of 15 m above the ground,
grab a 55 kg woman at ground level and end up
with the two of them on a branch that is 10 m
above the ground on the opposite side (Figure
below).
(d) What is the maximum height the two could reach if the man starts from rest?
(e) What is the minimum initial speed of the man that would allow the two to end up
on the branch?
PART B

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MONMAS EXAMINATIONS ASSOCIATION

ATTEMPT THE TEST BELOW
DURATION 2HOURS
Test 1 2007/2008
CODE BSC 000 000 001
Wherever necessary use the following:

Magnitude of acceleration due to gravity, g = 9.8 m s-2
1 ft = 12 inch, 1 inch = 2.54 cm
SECTION A: Short Questions: Weightage 25%
ANSWER ALL QUESTIONS (Each question carries 5 marks)
A1. A student gives the relation between the work done (Force x distance), acceleration, mass,
initial velocity and time as W = m a u t + 2 m a t .Where W is the work done, m the mass, u
2
the initial velocity and t is the time. Is the formula dimensionally correct?
A2. ( )
At an instant when a 4 kg object has an acceleration equal to 5 iˆ + 3 ˆj m s −2 one of the two
( )
forces acting on the object is 12 iˆ + 18 ˆj N . Determine the second force acting on the
object.
A3. A stone thrown vertically down into a well with a speed of 2 m s-1 takes 3 s to hit the water.
How far is the water from the surface?
A4. A projectile fired from the ground at an angle of 30º reaches a maximum height of 5 m. What
was the initial speed of the projectile.
A5. A pitcher throws a baseball of mass 150 g with a speed of 25 m s-1 towards the batter, who
hits the ball with a speed of 40 m s-1 straight towards the pitcher. The duration of contact
between the bat and the ball is 0.015 s. Calculate the impulse and the average force.
SECTION B: Long Questions: Weightage 75%
ANSWER ANY THREE (3) OUT OF THE FIVE (5) QUESTIONS
B1. (a) A driver is driving at 70 ft s-1 on a road where the speed limit is 80 km h-1. Is the driver over
speeding?
[5 marks]
h
(b) The Compton wavelength (length) is given by c = , where me is mass of the electron, c
me c
is the speed of light and h is Planck’s constant. Use dimensional analysis to determine the
dimensions of Planck’s constant and hence give the SI units of the constant.
[7 marks]
(c) The time for one complete cycle, T, of a satellite orbiting the earth of mass m in a circular path
at a distance r from the centre of the earth is given in a functional form as
T = f (r , m, G) = kr a m b G c where dimensions of G are M −1 L3T −2 and k is a dimensionless
constant. Use the method of dimensional analysis to find the constants a, b and c and, hence,
deduce the formula for T. [13 marks]

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B2. (a) A courier car leaves the base O, and drives for 12 km at an angle of 20º north of east to pick a
parcel at A. The driver then drives for 15 km at an angle of 30º west of north to deliver the
parcel at B.
(i) Sketch the driver’s journey.
[4 marks]
(ii) Use vector algebra to determine the displacement of B from O
[7 marks]
 
(b) Two vectors are given by A = 2 iˆ − 5 ˆj and B = 3 ˆj + 2 kˆ . Determine
 
(i) A− B
[4 marks]
 
(ii) A • B
[3 marks]
 
(iii) A  B
[7 marks]
B3. (a) A car on a straight road starts from rest and accelerates uniformly to 90 km h-1 in 12.5 s. The
car then continues moving at 90 km h-1 until the drivers notices red traffic lights 250 m in
front when he applies the brakes to accelerate uniformly until he stops just in line with the
lights. The total distance covered by the car is 10 km. Calculate
(i) the acceleration at the beginning of the journey
[3 marks]
(ii) the acceleration at the end of the journey
[3 marks]
(iii) the total time of the journey [9
marks]
(iv) the average velocity of the car.
[3 marks]
(b) A ball is thrown vertically downwards with a speed of 14.7 m s-1 from a height of 49 m. Three
second later another ball is thrown vertically from a height of 5 m. The two balls hit the
ground at the same time. Find the speed with which the second ball was thrown and the
direction in which it was thrown. [7 marks]
B4. (a) A girl playing at a distance of 2.4 m from a house on a level ground throws a ball towards the
window of the house from a height of 1.2 m above the ground. The initial velocity of the ball
is 5 m s-1 at an angle of 60º above the horizontal. The window is of length 1 m and the base of
the window is 80 cm from the ground. Will the ball hit the window?
[10 marks]
(b) A hawk is flying horizontally at 10.0 m s-1 in a straight line, 200 m above the ground. A
mouse it has been carrying struggles free from its talons. The hawk continues on its path at
the same speed for 2.0 s before attempting to retrieve its prey. To accomplish the retrieval, it
dives in a straight line at constant speed and recaptures the mouse 3.00 m above the ground.
Calculate:
(i) the horizontal distance travelled by the hawk before it attempted to retrieve its prey
[2 marks]
(ii) the time the mouse was experiencing free fall.
[4 marks]
(iii) the horizontal distance, moved by the mouse in free fall.
[3 marks]
(iv) the diving speed of the hawk.
[6 marks]

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B5. (a) A railroad car of mass 2.5 x 104 kg moving with a speed of 4.0 m s-1 collides and couples with
three other identical coupled railroad cars moving with a speed of 2 m s-1 in the same direction.
Calculate the speed of the cars after the collision.
[5 marks]
(b) Two masses, m1 and m2 are placed on smooth surfaces of a
double inclined plane as shown in the diagram. The masses
are connected by a light inextensible string passing over a m1 m2
smooth pulley of negligible mass at the vertex of the plane.
The tension on the string is T and mass m1 accelerates down
the plane with acceleration of magnitude a.
 
(i) Sketch the free body diagrams showing the forces acting on the two masses
[4 marks]
g
(ii) Show that a = (m1 sin  − m2 sin  )
m1 + m2
[7 marks]
m1m2 g
(iii) Show that T = (sin  + sin  )
m1 + m2
[4 marks]
(iv) Given that m1 = 2 kg,  = 60°,  = 40°, find the mass m2 that will allow mass m1 to move
down the plane at constant speed.
[5 marks]

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MONMAS VARSITY CONNECT
ATTEMPT TEST BELOW

DURATION 2HOURS
2008/2009
CODE 000 000 002

1 yd = 0.9144 m, 1 gallon = 4.546 litres, 1 litre = 1000 cm3
A1. After a rainfall that lasted 5 minutes, a container of length 1.2 yd and width 0.8 yd is filled
with15 gallons of water. Calculate the height of water in the container, giving your answer in
millimetres.
    
A2. Three vectors A , B and C are given by A = 2 iˆ + 3 ˆj − 12 kˆ , B = 2 iˆ + 2 ˆj + kˆ and

C = −2 iˆ + 3 ˆj − kˆ . Determine (A • B )C
A3. A ball thrown vertically up from the top of a building with a speed of 19.6 m s-1 hits an object
that is 1m from the ground 5 s after the ball was thrown up. How high is the building?
A4. A small ball rolls horizontally off the edge of a tabletop that is 1.225 m high. The ball strikes
the floor at a horizontal distance of 1.52 m from the table edge.
(a) How long is the ball in the air?
(b) What was the speed of the ball when it left the table?
A5. A 4.9 kg block is pulled with a force F along a rough surface using a wire that makes an angle
of 30º to the vertical. The coefficient of friction is 0.2 and the block moves with constant
speed. Draw a free body diagram and use Newton’s laws of motion to determine the value of
F.
B1. (a) A student experimentally determining the time period for a system came up with an
2(  s −  k )mg m
expression T = + , where s and k are dimensionless constants, m is
vk k
mass, g is acceleration due to gravity, v is speed and k is the force per unit length. Is the
expression dimensionally correct? [8]
GMm
(b) Newton’s law of universal gravitation is F = f ( M , m, r ) = where F is force, M and m
r2
are masses and r is the distance between the masses. Determine the dimensions of the
gravitational constant G and give the SI units of the constant.
[7]

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(c) The frequency is given in functional form as f = k L   where k is a dimensionless

a b c
constant, L is length, and the dimensions of f,  and  are T-1, MLT-2 and ML-1, respectively.
Use dimensional analysis to determine constants a, b and c and hence give the formula for f.
[10]
  
B2. (a) The diagram shows three vectors A , B and C . y
(i) Use vector algebra to determine the magnitude C = 5 units
and direction of the sum of the three vectors.
[10]
35o
(ii) Sketch the sum of the three vectors clearly
showing the angle between the vector and axis. x
30o
[2]

(b) Two vectors given by A = 5 i − 3 j + 4kˆ and
ˆ ˆ 40o
 A = 7 units
B = −4 iˆ − b ˆj − kˆ are perpendicular to each other.
(i) State the value of the dot product of the two B = 8 units
vectors and hence determine the value of b
[5]
 
(ii) Determine A  B [8]
B3. (a) A car starting from rest accelerates to 118.8 km h-1 in 15 s and then travels at uniform
velocity in the next 35 s before it uniformly accelerates to stop in 165m. Calculate the
average velocity of the car over the entire journey.
[13]
(b) A stone is thrown vertically upwards with a speed of 14.7 m s-1 from a height H m above the
ground. Another stone is thrown up 2 s later, from a height of 40.2 m above the ground with a
speed of 9.8 m s-1. The two stones collide at a height of 1 m above the ground. Determine H.
[12]
B4. A ball shot from the top of a cliff that is 19.6 m above the water level has velocity
components of 4.9 m s-1 upwards and 5 m s-1 along the horizontal when it is at a height of 9.8
m above the top of the cliff. Find:
(a) the magnitude and direction of the initial velocity with which the ball is shot.
[9]
(b) the time elapsed when the ball strikes the water
[6]
(c) the horizontal displacement of the ball when it strikes the water
[2]
(d) the magnitude and direction of the ball’s velocity when it strikes the water
[8]
B5. Two masses, m1 and m2 are

placed on rough surfaces of a
double inclined plane as m1 m2
shown in the diagram. The
masses are connected by a
light inextensible string a
passing over a smooth pulley  
of negligible mass at the
vertex of the plane. The coefficients of friction for the two surfaces are 1 and 2 for

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the m1 and the m2 surfaces, respectively, and the tension on the string is T. Mass m2
accelerates down the plane with acceleration of magnitude a.
(a) Draw free body diagrams for the two masses
[4]
(b) Show that a =
g
( m 2 sin  − m1 sin  − 1m1 cos  −  2 m2 cos  ) and
m1 + m2
m1m2 g
T= ( sin  + sin  + 1 cos  −  2 cos  )
m1 + m2
[16]
(c) Given that m1 = 3 kg,  = 38º,  = 52º, 1 = 0.35 and 2 = 0.25, find the mass m2 that
would result in m2 accelerating down the plain at 2.0 m s-2.
[5]

ATTEMPT THE TEST BELOW
Test 2 2009/2010
Duration: 2 Hours CODE 000 000 003

Refractive index of air, na = 1.00
A1. How much work is required to raise a 300 g block that is initially at rest to a height of
2 m and simultaneously give the block a velocity of 4 m s-1?
A2. A ball of mass 0.22 kg that is moving with a speed of 7.5 m s -1 collides head-on and
elastically with another ball initially at rest. Immediately after the collision, the
incoming ball bounces backward with a speed of 3.8 m s -1. If the velocity of the target
ball after the collision is 3.5 m s-1, calculate the mass of the target ball.
A3. A distance of 1.4 m separates two plane mirrors, placed horizontally and parallel facing
each other. If an object is placed 30 cm from the lower mirror, find the distance between
the upper mirror and the second image formed in the lower mirror.
A4. An object of height 4.0 cm is placed 8.0 cm in front of a spherical mirror that produces
a virtual image whose height is 6.0 cm. Calculate the magnification and the focal length
of the mirror.

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A5. A ray of light travelling in a material M1 strikes an interface between materials M1 and
M2 such that the angle of incidence is 40o. If the angle of refraction in material M2 is
n
50o, find the ratio 1 of the refractive indices of the two materials and hence, determine
n2
the speed of light in material M2 given that the speed of light in material M1 is 2.1 x 108
m s-1.
B1. (a) The rotor of an ultracentrifuge rotates at 40 000 revolutions per minute.
A particle in a test tube is 5.0 cm from the rotation axis.
(i) Determine the period of revolution.
(2 marks)
(ii) What is the speed of the particle?
(3 marks)
(iii) Calculate the centripetal acceleration in terms of acceleration ”g”.
(5 marks)
(b) A small ball of mass m, suspended by a cord of length L, makes an angle θ with the
vertical as the ball revolves in a circle of radius r.
(i) In what direction is the acceleration?
(2 marks)
(ii) Determine the speed and period of the ball in terms of L, θ, m and g (acceleration
due to gravity).
(13 marks)
B2. (a) An object is placed in front of a convex mirror at a distance equal to its radius of
curvature. Determine the magnification of the image formed.
(7 marks)
(b) (i) Show that for a spherical mirror, the mirror formula can be expressed in terms of the
v
magnification, m, of the image with respect to the object in the form m = 1 − where
f
v is image distance and f is focal length of the mirror.
(2 marks)
(ii) A concave mirror forms, on a screen, a real image which is twice the size of the
object. The object and screen are then moved until the image is three times the size
of the object. If the shift of the screen is 25 cm, determine the shift of the object and
the focal length of the mirror.
(16 marks)
[Hint: You may use the relation in Question (b)(i) without any fresh
derivation]

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B3. The Figure shows a rectangular slab ABCD of a

B
transparent material of refractive index 1.25 C
5
1.2
placed in contact with one side of an equiangular
n =
prism CDE made of glass of refractive index
1
1.50. A ray of light is incident on the side AB in
such a way that it passes symmetrically through i1
the prism.
(a) Copy and complete the ray diagram for this A n2 = 1.50 na = 1.00
combination and. (8 marks) E
D
(b) With the aid of the diagram, determine angle i1 .

(17 marks)
B4. (a) A convex lens of focal length 10 cm forms a real image of an object placed at a distance
of 20 cm from it, along its principal axis. When a convex mirror was interposed between
the image and the lens at a distance of 10 cm from the lens, it was found that a real
image of the object was formed at the exact location of the object itself. Determine the
radius of curvature of the mirror.
(9
ma
rks
)
(b) An object is placed at the centre of curvature of a concave mirror of radius of curvature
30 cm. If a concave lens of focal length 20 cm is placed at a distance of 25 cm in front
of the mirror, determine the position of the final image formed and characterize it.
(16 marks)
B5. (a) Two plane mirrors M1 and M2 are inclined with an angle θ (θ < 90o) between them.
Determine, in terms of θ, the angle through which the final reflected ray from M 2 is
rotated relative to the original incident ray directed to M1.
(7 marks)
(b) The projection lens in a certain slide projector is a single thin lens. A slide 24.0 mm
high is to be projected so that its image fills a screen 1.80 m high. The slide-to-screen
distance is 3.0 m.
(i) Determine the distance between the slide and the lens;
(5 marks)
(ii) Determine the focal length of the projection lens.
(4 marks)
(c) An object is located 20.0 cm to the left of a diverging lens (concave lens) of focal length
of magnitude 32.0 cm.
(i) Draw the ray diagram for this arrangement. (2
marks)
(ii) Locate the image and characterise it. (7
marks)

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MONMAS EXAMINATION ASSOCIATION
2009/2010

A1. A wheel of diameter 1.40 m rotates at an angular speed of 180 revolutions per minute.
Calculate;
(i) The angular speed of the wheel in radians per second
(ii) The linear speed of a point on the rim of the wheel
A2. Without moving a ray of light incident on a plane mirror, the mirror is rotated through an
angle of  about a horizontal axis in the plane of the mirror and perpendicular to the plane of
incidence. Derive an expression to find the angle through which the reflected ray is rotated.
A3. When an object is placed 20 cm from a spherical mirror, a virtual image that is 50 cm from
the object is formed. Determine the focal length of the mirror and state whether it is concave
or convex.
A4. A light source that is 1 m above the water surface is viewed by a person swimming under the
water. Use a ray diagram to illustrate how the swimmer sees the light and use the diagram to
calculate the apparent height of the light as seen by the swimmer. Refractive index of water:
1.33
A5. A lens is to be used to produce an image that is five times the size of the object on a screen.
The focal length of the lens is 10 cm. How far should the object be from the lens?

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B1. (a) The diagram shows a water slide that is

constructed such that an object starting A
from rest at the top of the slide (A), leaves
at the end of the slide (B) travelling
horizontally with speed v, at a height h
above the water surface. The object hits
the water 5.0 m from the end of the slide, H
0.8 s after leaving the slide. Ignoring
friction and air resistance, determine: v
B
(i) The speed v, with which the object h
leaves the slide.
[4]
(ii) The height h 5.0 m
[2]
(iii) The height H. [5]
(c) Calculate the height H for the water slide in (a) if the distance moved from A to
B is 10 m, the average frictional force between the object and the slide is 120 N
and the mass of the object is 50 kg. [6]
(c) A 2 kg hawk moving vertically down at 15 m s-1 collides with a 500 g bird that was flying in
the direction parallel to the ground (perpendicular to the direction of the hawk) at 5 ms-1.
After the collision the two move together. With the help of a sketch, determine the velocity
(magnitude and direction with respect to the original direction in which the bird was flying) of
the hawk and the bird after the collision. [8]
B2. (a) The diagram shows an object OA in front of a plane mirror M. A

Draw a ray diagram to show how the image of the object would
be formed and use your diagram to state four characteristics of
the image formed by a plane mirror. [7]
(b) Two mirrors M1 and M2 placed edge to with an angle of  = 80º O

between them have a ray incident on M1 at an angle of incidence . With the aid of a labelled
diagram (angles to use labelled), calculate the angle through which the reflected ray from M2
is rotated relative to the incident direction of the ray incident on M1.
[9]
(c) Three media of refractive indices n1 = 2.1, n2 = 1.7 and n3 = 1.4 are placed such that at the
bottom is the medium with the highest index of refraction and at the top is the medium with
the lowest index of refraction. A light source is placed at the bottom of the bottom medium.
(i) Draw the passage of the ray through the three media
[3]
(ii) Calculate the range of angles of incidence at the first interface for which there will be a
light ray within the middle medium, but there will be no light ray in the top medium.
[6]
B3. (a) An object is placed 10 cm in front of a concave mirror of focal length 15 cm.
(i) Using a scale of 2 cm representing 10 cm, draw a ray diagram to locate the image of the
object. [5]
(ii) State three characteristics of the image.
[3]
(iii) Use the ray diagram to derive the mirror and the magnification equation.
[12]

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(b) When an object is placed 24 cm in front of a convex mirror, the image formed is one third
the size of the object. Calculate the focal length of the mirror.
[5]
B4. A ray of light traveling in air is incident at an angle of 60º on a prism with an apex angle of 65º.
The index of refraction of the prism for the light is 1.65.
(a) Draw a labeled diagram to illustrate the passage of the light through the prism, clearly showing
the angles of incidence and refraction at the two surfaces, and the angle of deviation.
[4]
(b) Determine the angle of deviation for the light.

[9]
(c) With the aid of a labeled diagram, illustrate how light traveling in air passes through a prism of
refractive index n and apex angle A when the angle of deviation is minimum.
[3]
(d) Derive an expression relating the apex angle, the minimum angle of deviation, and the index of
refraction of the light for the prism, and hence determine the minimum angle of deviation of
the light for the prism.[9]
B5.(a) When an object is placed a distance u1 from a lens of focal length f, the image formed is real
and twice the size of the object and when the object is placed to another distance u2, the image
formed is virtual and three times the size of the object. Given that the two object distances are
such that one is 12 cm more than the other, give the relation between the object distances and
use the mirror and magnification equations to determine u1, u2, v1, v2 and the focal length of the
lens. [15]
(b) An object is placed 18 cm to the left of a convex lens of focal length of magnitude 12 cm and
20 cm to the right of the convex lens is a concave lens of focal length of magnitude 8 cm.
Calculate the position and magnification of the final image and hence characterise the image.
[10]
END OF TEST

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2010/2011

− b  b 2 − 4ac
If ax + bx + c = 0, then x =
2
2a
A1. Convert 0.05 g cm-1 s-2 to kg m-1 min-2.

      
A2. Three vectors A , B and C are given by A = 5iˆ − 2 ˆj − 3k , B = −iˆ + 3 ˆj − k and
( )
    
C = 3iˆ − 2 ˆj + k . Calculate A • B C .
A3. The driver of a car moving at 16 m s-1 notices the lights turning red when the car is 35.2 m
from the lights. The driver takes 0.2 s before applying the brakes to accelerate uniformly until
he stops in line with the lights. Calculate the acceleration of the car.
A4. A stone is projected from the ground with an initial velocity of 14.7 m s-1 at an angle of 30º
above the horizontal. Calculate the time taken when the stone passes a point 1 m above the
ground.
 
A5. A 3.0 kg object has two forces F1 = (16 iˆ + 12 ˆj ) N and F2 = (−10 iˆ + 21 ˆj ) N acting on it.
Determine the acceleration of the object, in terms of the unit vectors iˆ and ĵ .
B1. (a) The flow rate, Q (Volume/Time) of a fluid of density  and coefficient of viscosity  flowing
  g R4
in a tube of radius R and length L is quoted as Q = , where g is the acceleration
8 2 L
due to gravity. Use dimensional analysis to check the dimensional correctness of the formula.
  = M L−1 T −1 [8 marks]
(b) When a capillary tube is placed vertically with one end immersed in water, the height, h, is
k
given by h = where k is a dimensionless constant,  is density, R is radius and g is
gR
gravitational acceleration. Use dimensional analysis to determine the dimensions of  and
hence give the SI units of . [8 marks]
(c) The potential energy, U, of a spring of force constant k (units N m-1) displaced a distance x is
given in functional form as U = f (k , x) = ak x where a is a dimensionless constant. Use the
v w
method of dimensional analysis to find the constants v and w and, hence, deduce the formula for
U. [9 marks]

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B2. (a) The figure shows three vectors in the x-y plane. Express the vectors y
in terms of unit vectors iˆ and ĵ , and use vector algebra to determine the 20o
magnitude and direction of the sum of the three vectors. [10 marks]
  O=6N
(b) Three vectors are given by A = a iˆ + 2 ˆj − 4 kˆ , B = 3iˆ − b ˆj − 2kˆ and
    x
C = −2iˆ − 3 ˆj + ckˆ . Given that A + B = C ; 40o
(i) Determine constants a, b and c, and hence [6 marks] Q=4N
  P=5N
(ii) Determine A  B [9 marks]
35o
B3. (a) Two cars, car A and Car B, moving along a straight line are such that at time t = 0, car B is
1.1984 km in front of car A. Car A is travelling at 95.04 km h-1 while car B is travelling at
74.88 km h-1.
(v) Make a sketch of the distances travelled by the two cars when car A catches up with car
B. [2 marks]
(vi) Calculate the time it would take for car A to catch up with car B.
[6 marks]
(vii) Calculate the distances travelled by the two cars when car A catches up with car B
[2 marks]
(viii) Calculate the speed, in km h-1, that car A should travel with if it is to catch up with car
B in half the time taken when the speed is 95.04 km h-1.
[6 marks]
(b) A baseball that was thrown vertically up from the ground passes a point that is 23 m above the
ground with an upward velocity of 14 m s-1.
a. Calculate the initial velocity of the ball when it was projected from the ground.
[4 marks]
b. Calculate the time the ball would take to hit the ground.
[5 marks]
B4. A canon ball is shot from the edge of a vertical cliff 215 m above the ground level with an
initial velocity of 65 m s-1 at an angle of 35.0° above the horizontal.
(a) Find the initial velocity components along the horizontal, ux, and along the vertical, uy.
[2 marks]
(b) Determine the time taken by the canon ball to hit a target P at ground level.
[5 marks]
(c) Determine the horizontal distance of the target from the base of the cliff.
[2 marks]
(d) Find the velocity (magnitude and direction) of the canon ball just before it hits the target.
[7 marks]
(e) Calculate the maximum height, above ground, reached by the canon ball.
[4 marks]
(f) Will it be possible to hit the target P if there is a 110 m high wall between the projection
point and the target, at a horizontal distance of 100 m from the target? Support your
answer with calculations.
[
5
m
a
r
k

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s
]
B5. The Figure shows masses mA and mB connected by a string that passes through a pulley sliding
on smooth (frictionless) inclines.
(a) Identify forces acting on the masses

and sketch free body diagrams
showing the forces and/or mA mB
components of forces acting on the
A B
masses.
[4 marks]
(b) Assuming mA moves up the incline,
use the free body diagrams and Newton’s second law to write the equations governing
the motion of the objects. [4 marks]
(c) Derive expressions for the value of acceleration, a, of the masses and the tension, T, on
the string connecting the two particles.
[3 marks, 5 marks]
(d) Given that mA = 5.0 kg, A = 32°, B = 23º;
(i) Calculate the value of mB that would keep the system at rest
[6 marks]
(ii) Calculate the value of the tension on the string when the system is at rest.
[3 marks]
END OF TEST

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2010/2011

Volume of a cylinder of height h and radius r is r2h
1 inch = 2.54 cm
1 oz = 28.3 g
− b  b 2 − 4ac
2
2a
A1. A coin with a diameter of 0.94 inches and a thickness of 0.08 inches has a mass of 0.21 oz.
Calculate the density of the coin giving your answer in g cm-3.
A2. A student gives the relation between the work done (Force x distance), acceleration, mass,
initial velocity and time as W = m a u t + 2 m a t .Where W is the work done, m the mass, u
2 2
the initial velocity and t is the time. Use dimensional analysis to find out whether the formula
is dimensionally correct or not.
  
A3. Three vectors are given as A = 6iˆ − 4 ˆj + 2kˆ , B = 2iˆ + 4 ˆj and C = 3iˆ − 2 ˆj − kˆ . Determine
(A • B )C
A4. A car that was initially moving at 10 m s-1 accelerates to a speed of 17 m s-1 in 2 s. Calculate;
(i) the acceleration of the car
(ii) the distance covered during the acceleration
A5. The depth of a well can be checked by throwing down a stone with known initial velocity
down the well. If the well is 19.6 m and the initial speed of the stone is 4.9 m s-1, how long
would it take the stone to hit the bottom of the well?
B1. (a) Bernoulli’s theorem is expressed as Av 2 + E t = B , where A and B are constants, v is velocity
and Et is the total mechanical energy per unit volume. Use dimensional analysis to determine
the dimensions of A and B and hence state the SI units for A and B.
[9 marks]

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(c) The radius, r, of the path of a satellite orbiting the earth in a circular path is given in functional
form as r = f (T , m, G) = kT m G where k is a dimensionless constant, T is time for one
a b c
−1 3 −2
complete cycle, m is mass and G has dimensions M L T . Use dimensional analysis to find
the constants a, b and c and, hence, deduce the formula for r.
[12 marks]
(d) In a certain experiment the flow rate is given as 200 ml s-1. Work out the flow rate in m3 h-1.
[4 marks]
B2. (a) A courier car leaves the base O, and drives for 15 km at an angle of 20º east of north to pick a
parcel at A. The driver then drives for 12 km at an angle of 30º north of west to deliver the
parcel at B.
(i) Taking the positive x-axis to be east and the positive y-axis to be north, sketch the
driver’s journey.
[2 marks]
(ii) Use vector algebra to determine the displacement of B from O
[7 marks]
(b) An aeroplane that was flying at a speed of 140 m s-1 at an angle of 30º north of east enters a
region where wind is blowing at 42 m s-1 in the easterly direction.
(i) With the aid of a sketch with axis as in (a), calculate the magnitude and direction of the
resultant velocity of the plane, relative to the person on the ground.
[7 marks]
(ii) With the aid of a sketch with axis as in (a), calculate the magnitude and direction of the
velocity of the plane that will enable it to continue with a resultant velocity of 140 m s-1 at
an angle of 30° north of east, relative to the person on the ground.
[9 marks]
   
B3. Two vectors are such that A + 2 B = −3iˆ + 2 ˆj − 2kˆ and B − A = 9iˆ + 7 ˆj − 7kˆ .
 
(a) Determine vectors A and B and hence calculate;
[6 marks]
   
(b) A  B and find the two possible angles between vectors A and B
[14 marks]
 
(c) A • B and use the result to determine which of the two possible angles from (b) is the angle
between the two vectors.
[5 marks]
B4. (a) A small airplane that can accelerate at 5.0 m s-2, when its engines are on full power, must reach
a speed of at least 50 m s-1 before it can takeoff. Calculate;
(i) the minimum length of the runway required for takeoff.
[3 marks]
(ii) the minimum length of the runway required for takeoff, if the plane starts by
accelerating at 2.0 m s-2 for 5 s before the engines are put to full power, when the
acceleration changes to 5.0 m s-2.
[7 marks]
(b) A car that had stopped at traffic lights accelerates uniformly for 6 s at 3 m s -2, after which it
moves at constant speed. At the instant that the car started to move, a truck moving in the same
direction at a constant speed of 15 m s-1 passed by. Assuming the truck and the car are point
objects;

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a. calculate the speed reached by the car at the end of the acceleration
[2 marks]
b. calculate the distance travelled by the car during acceleration.
[2 marks]
c. calculate the displacement of the truck from the traffic lights after 6 s.
[2 marks]
d. give an expression for the displacement of the car for t > 6 s.
[2 marks]
e. calculate the time, from the time the car started at the traffic lights, that it would take the
car to catch up with the truck.
[5 marks]
f. Calculate the displacement, from the traffic lights, when the car catches up with the truck?
[2 marks]
B5. A person standing at the top of a building throws a ball vertically upward with a velocity of
145.04 m s-1 from a height of 2 m above the building. The ball reaches the ground 4.5 s later.
Calculate
(a) the maximum height reached, above the building.
[4 marks]
(b) time elapsed when the ball is at a height of 6 m above the projection point on way down.
[6 marks]
(c) the velocity of the ball when it is at a height of 6 m above the projection point on way down.
[5 marks]
(d) the height of the building
[4 marks]
(e) the velocity with which the ball hits the ground
[2 marks]
(f) the velocity of the ball at a height of 2 m above the ground.
[4 marks]
END OF TEST

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2012/2013

1 mile = 1.609 km
2sinθ cos θ = sin2θ
A1. Convert 120 km hr-1 to: (a) m s-1 and (b) miles hr-1.
A2. A vector has an x component of -20.0 units and a y component of 40.0 units. Find the
magnitude and direction of this vector.
A3. A car starts from rest and accelerates uniformly to 40 m s-1 in 200 m. It then maintained the
same speed. Sketch the velocity time graph for this motion and calculate the acceleration during
the first 200 m.
A4. An aeroplane is initially flying at a speed of 180 m s-1 to the east, suddenly it enters a region
where the wind is blowing at 20 m s-1 at an angle of 50o north of east. What is the new speed of
the aeroplane relative to the ground?
A5. A ball is thrown from the top of a building 50 m high with an initial velocity of 15m s -1 and at
an angle of 40o above the horizontal. Calculate the time it would take the ball to hit the ground.
SECTION B: Long Questions: Weightage 75%. Marks are shown in parenthesis [ ]
B1. (a) Define a vector quantity and give an example.

[3]
(b) Verify whether the following are dimensionally correct:
(i) The motion of an object starting from rest is given by x = 6At3 + 3Bt4, where x is
displacement, t is time and A and B are constants with dimensions LT-3
[6]
2 −1
(ii) Centripetal acceleration a r = v r , where v is velocity and r is radius.
[6]
−2
(c) Newton’s law of universal gravitation is represented by F = G M m r , where F is the
magnitude of the gravitational force exerted by one object on another, r is a distance between
the centers of the objects, M and m are the masses of the objects.
(i) Write down the SI units of Force.
[2]
(ii) Use dimensional analysis to determine the SI units of the proportionality constant G?
[8]

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
B2. (a) A force F = (60 N , − 60  ) lies in the x-y plane. Sketch this force and express it in terms of
the unit vectors iˆ and ĵ in the x-y plane.
[5]
 
(b) Two vectors are given by A = 6 iˆ − 2 ˆj + 4 kˆ and B = −4 iˆ + 3 ˆj − 2 kˆ . Determine the
following:
 
(i) A + B
[2]
 
(ii) 2 A − B
[4]
   
(iii) Vector C if A − 2 B + 2 C = 0.
[6]
 
(c) Two vectors are given by P = 5 iˆ + b ˆj − 4 kˆ and Q = a iˆ − 3 ˆj + 9 kˆ . If the magnitudes of
the two vectors are equal and b2 + a 2 = 49, determine the values of b and a.
[8]
   
B3. Two vectors are such that 2 A + 2 B = −2iˆ − 6 ˆj + 2kˆ and A − B = 9iˆ + 7 ˆj − 7kˆ .
 
(d) Determine vectors A and B and hence calculate;
[6]
   
(e) A  B and find the two possible angles between vectors A and B
[14]
 
(f) A • B and use the result to determine which of the two possible angles from (b) is the angle
between the two vectors.
[5]
B4. (a) A car that was moving at u m s-1 accelerates uniformly at 3 m s-2 to reach a speed of 33 m s-1 in
6 s. The car continues moving at the attained speed for 3.25 minutes when the driver sees a sign
board 200 m away, limiting the speed to 17 m s-1, and decides to apply the brakes. The car
reaches the speed limit on passing the sign board. The reaction time of the driver is 0.25 s.
(i) Sketch the velocity time graph for the motion, clearly showing the different times.
[5]
(ii) Calculate u.
[3]
(iii) Calculate the acceleration of the car when the speed was reduced to observe the speed
limit.
[5]
(iv) Calculate the displacement of the sign board from the position when the car started
accelerating to reach a speed of 33 m s-1.
[4]
(b) Two balls are simultaneously thrown vertically from a 20 m high building, with each being
thrown with a speed 4 m s-1. Ball A is thrown up while Ball B is thrown down. Each ball hits
the top of the head of an 80 cm tall child standing on the ground. Calculate;
(i) the times it took the two balls to hit the head of the child.
[7]

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(ii) State with reason how the velocities with which the two balls hit the head of the child
will compare.
[2]
B5. (a) An object is projected at an angle  to the vertical (positive y axis) with an initial velocity u.
Assuming a level surface, determine expressions for;
i. the maximum height, H
[5]
ii. the time the object takes before it hits the surface, T
[5]
iii. the horizontal range of the projectile, R
[5]
(c) A ball is hit at a height of 70 cm above a level ground with a speed of 36.7 m s-1 at an angle of
35º above the horizontal. Calculate;
a. the time the ball will take to hit the ground.
[6]
b. the horizontal distance of the ball from the projection point when the ball hits the
ground.
[
4
]
END OF TEST 1

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2012/2013 END OF SEMESTER 1 EXAMINATIONS
CODE 000 000 008
COURSE No.: PHY111/PHY112 DURATION: 2 HRS. DATE: NOVEMBER 2012
TITLE OF PAPER: GEOMETRICAL OPTICS AND MECHANICS
SUBJECT: PHYSICS TITLE OF EXAMINATION: BSc./BEd. Level 100
INSTRUCTIONS:
ANSWER ALL (FIVE) SHORT QUESTIONS OF SECTION A, IN CONTINUATION
ANSWER A TOTAL OF THREE (3) QUESTIONS FROM SECTIONS B AND C,

WITH AT LEAST ONE QUESTION ATTEMPTED FROM EACH OF THE TWO
SECTIONS
START EVERY SECTION B AND C QUESTION ON A FRESH SIDE OF A SHEET
1 ft = 30.48 cm and 1mile = 1.609 km

Speed of light in vacuum, c = 3 x 108 m s-1
__________________________________________________________________________________________
No. of Pages (including this page)
DO NOT OPEN THIS PAPER UNTIL YOU HAVE

BEEN TOLD TO DO SO BY THE SUPERVISOR 4
5

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ANSWER ALL QUESTIONS IN THIS SECTION IN CONTINUATION. DO NOT

START EACH QUESTION ON A NEW PAGE. (Each question carries 5 marks)
A1. A driver is travelling at 20 m s-1 on a road marked 60 km hr-1. As the driver approaches a
police road-block, will she be stopped for over-speeding?
A2. What average force is needed to accelerate a 9.20 g pellet from rest to 125 m s -1 over a
distance of 0.80 m along the barrel of a rifle?
A3. A 4.0 kg mass attached to the end of a string swings in a vertical circle of radius 2.0 m.
When the string makes an angle of 35 with the vertical as shown in Fig. A3, the speed
of the mass is 5.0 m s-1. At this instant what is the magnitude of the centripetal force
exerted on the mass?
A4. Fig. A4 shows a ray from a source of light O reflected to the

E 1.8 m
eyes E of the person standing in front of a plane mirror on a
level floor AOD. Determine AE.
b
B
40 cm
a
A c
O 60 cmD
Figure A4
A5. A ray of light is incident from a material of index of refraction n1 = 1.5 to a material of
index of refraction n2 = 1.6. Define critical angle, and hence use calculation to justify
whether there will be critical angle in this case.

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SECTION B
ANSWER AT LEAST ONE OF THE THREE QUESTIONS IN THIS SECTION
B1. (a) Verify whether or not the following equation is dimensionally correct
A = 7 (r1 − r2 ) (h 2 + (r1 + r2 ) 2
where A is area, h is height and r1 and r2 are radii.

[5]
 
(b) Two vectors are given by A = −3 iˆ + 7 ˆj − 4 kˆ and B = 6 iˆ − 10 ˆj + 9 kˆ .
Evaluate the following:
 
(i) B − A
[3]
 
(ii) A • B
[4]
   
(iii) A  B, and determine two possible angles between the vectors A and B
[13]
B2. (a) A jet plane comes in for a landing with a speed of 100 m s-1, and its acceleration can
have a maximum magnitude of 5.00 m s-2 as it comes to rest.
a. From the instant that the plan touches the runway, what is the minimum time
interval needed before it can come to rest.
[2]
b. Can this plane land on a small tropical island airport where the runway is 0.800
km long?
[4]
(b) A student throws a set of keys vertically upward to her roommate, who is in a
window 4.00 m above. The keys are caught 1.5 s later by the roommate’s
outstretched hand.
(i) With what initial velocity were the keys thrown?
[4]
(ii) What was the velocity of the keys just before they were caught?
[4]
(c) Young David who slew Goliath experimented with slings before tackling the
giant. He found he could revolve a sling of length 0.600 m at the rate of 8.00 rev s -
1
. If he increased the length to 0.900 m, he could revolve the sling only 6.00
revolutions per second.
(i) Which rate of rotation gives the greater speed for the stone at the end of the sling?
[6]
(ii) What is the centripetal acceleration of the stone at 8.00 rev s -1?
[3]

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(iii)What is the centripetal acceleration at 6.00 rev s-1?

[2]
B3. (a) Consider a chunk of snow at the ridge of a roof with a slope of 34º.
(i) Draw the free body diagram.
[3]
(ii) Calculate the coefficient of static friction if the snow is just about to slide down.
[7]
(iii) As the snow begins to melt, the coefficient of static friction decreases and the
snow slips. The distance from the chunk to the edge of the roof is 6.0 m and the
coefficient of kinetic friction is 0.20. Calculate the speed of the snow chunk
when it reaches the edge of the roof.
[7]
(b) A 12.0 g wad of sticky clay is hurled horizontally at a 100.0 g wooden block that is
at rest on a horizontal surface. The clay sticks to the block and after the impact, the
composite slides 7.50 m before coming to rest. If the coefficient of friction between
the block and the surface is 0.650, what was the speed of the clay just before the
impact?

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SECTION C
ANSWER AT LEAST ONE OF THE TWO QUESTIONS IN THIS SECTION
C1. (a) Fig. C1 shows an initial reflected ray Z Y X

WY when the mirror is placed on the
floor such that the point of incidence
of a fixed ray is W. It is desired that
the reflected ray hits the horizontal
ceiling ZYX at point Z. The angle 2
 3m
between ray WY and the line WX,
perpendicular to the ceiling is 1 while 1
that between WZ and the WX is 2. Figure C1
(i) With the aid of a diagram, show
that in general, if the mirror is W
rotated by angle  when the
incident ray is fixed the reflected ray will be rotated by angle 2.
[8]
(ii) Calculate the angle through which the mirror should be rotated.
[7]
(b) A concave mirror and a convex mirror of focal lengths of magnitudes 10 cm and 24
cm, respectively, are placed facing each other, with a separation distance of 42 cm. An
object is placed between the mirrors, 12 cm from the convex mirror. Calculate the
position of the image formed by the concave mirror after a single reflection of the rays
from the object by the convex mirror and state with reason whether the image is real or
virtual. [10]
C2. (a) The diagram shows

the passage of light
through a glass 65 o
prism of index of
refraction n2. The
apex angle is 65°,

the angle of 42 o c d
incidence to the a e
first surface is 42° 30 o f
b
and the angle of
incidence to the
second surface is n a=1.00 n2 n a=1.00
35°. Determine;
(i) the index of refraction n2.

[4]
(ii) the angle of deviation .
[8]

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(b) A lens is to be used to form on a screen 5.40 m from the object, an image that is 5 times
the size of the object.
(i) State with two reasons the type of lens used.
[3]
(ii) Calculate the distance of the object from the lens
[7]
(iii) Calculate the focal length of the lens.
[3]
END OF EXAM

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CODE 000 000 009 FRONT PAGE
COURSE No.: PHY111/PHY112 DURATION: 2 HRS. DATE: NOVEMBER 2013
INSTRUCTIONS:

SECTIONS

Radius of the earth, RE = 6378 km
− b  b 2 − 4ac
2
2a
__________________________________________________________________________________________
No. of Pages (including this pageDO NOT OPEN THIS PAPER UNTIL
YOU HAVE BEEN TOLD TO DO SO BY THE 4
SUPERVISOR 5

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A1. The work done on a spring by an external agent is given by Ws = − k x 2 , where x is

displacement. Use dimensional analysis to determine the dimensions of k.
A2. A driver with a reaction time of 0.25 s driving at 12.5 m s-1 decides to apply the brakes
when an obstacle is 15.0 m away. The magnitude of the maximum acceleration is 5.25 m
s-2. Will the vehicle stop before hitting the obstacle?
A3. Determine the centripetal force acting on a spaceship of mass 1000 kg moving in a
circular orbit around the earth with a constant speed of 7.562 km s -1 at an altitude of 600
km above the surface of the earth.
A4. (i) Write down two similar characteristics of images formed by convex and plane
mirrors. [2]
(ii) Which type of mirror is suitable to be used in supermarkets for security purposes?
Justify your answer.
[3]
A5. A person looking down on the surface of a medium of refractive index n > 1 (air side) sees
an object beneath the surface of the medium. Is the person seeing the real object or the
image of the object? Explain your answer with the aid of a sketch of what the person sees.

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SECTION B

B1. (a) Vector P = (5 N , 210  ) . Sketch the vector on the x-y plane and hence express the vector

in terms of unit vectors iˆ and j .
[6]
 
(c) Two vectors given by A = a iˆ + 3 ˆj − kˆ and B = 4 iˆ − b ˆj + 7 kˆ are perpendicular to each
other and a + b = 7 .
(iv) a and b
[6]
 
(v) A and B
[4]
 
(vi) A  B,
[9]
B2. (a) A stone thrown vertically down into a well with a speed of 2 m s-1 takes 0.9 s to hit
the water.
c. How deep is the well?

[4]
d. What will be the speed with which the stone will hit the water?
[3]
(d) A ball kicked at a height of 40 cm above a level ground leaves the boot with a
speed of 38 m s-1 at an angle of 32º above the horizontal.
(iii) How long will the ball take before hitting the ground?
[7]
(iv) How far, from the point from which the ball was kicked, along the horizontal,
will the ball hit the ground?
[4]
(v) Determine the velocity with which the ball hits the ground.
[7]
B3. A 5 kg mass resting on a rough horizontal table is attached by a light, inextensible string,
which passes over a frictionless pulley, to a 3 kg mass hanging freely.
(a) If the mass on the table is just about to slide, calculate the coefficient of static friction
between the mass and the table.
[6]
(b) When the string is given a slight tug to start the motion, the masses move with an
acceleration of 2 m s-2. Calculate the coefficient of kinetic friction between the mass

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and the table.

[6]
(c) Calculate the horizontal force that is required to be applied to the 5 kg mass if the
acceleration is to be 2 m s-2 in the direction opposite that in (b).
[7]
(d) If the table were frictionless, calculate the acceleration of the masses and the tension
in the string (without the force applied in (c)).
[6]
SECTION C
C1. An object is placed between the centre of curvature and the focal point of a concave
mirror. The mirror has a focal length of magnitude f and the distance from the object to
the mirror is u.
i. Use a ray diagram to locate and characterize the image.

[6]
ii. Use the diagram in (a) to derive the mirror and magnification equations.
[14]
iii. Given that when the object position is 15 cm from the mirror, the image formed is
inverted and twice the size of the object, determine the radius of curvature of the
mirror. [5]
C2. (a) A light ray from air (na = 1.00) enters a

rectangular block of plastic of refractive na
index np at an angle 1 = 45º and emerges at np
an angle 2 = 76º as shown in Fig. C2.1. 1
Determine the index of refraction of the 
plastic. [10] 
na
Figure C2.1 2
(c) Fig. C2.2 shows a thin converging lens of focal length 5.0 cm. The lens is in front of a
concave spherical mirror with a radius of curvature R = 8.0 cm. The lens and the mirror
are 20 cm apart, and an object is placed 8.0 cm to the left of the lens. Determine the
position of the final image and its magnification as seen by the eye in the figure.
[15]

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Figure C2.2

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2014/2015

1 in = 2.54 cm
2 - b  b 2 - 4ac
2a
A1. Convert pressure of 0.311N m-2 to g in-1 s-2. N.B in is inches.
A2. The relation between force, F, masses m1 and m2 , radius, r, and a constant G, with
m m
dimensions M −1 L3T −2 is given as F = G 1 2 2 . Determine whether the relation is
r
dimensionally correct or not.
   
A3. Two vectors are given by U = 2 iˆ − 3 ˆj + kˆ and V = − 4 iˆ − 5 ˆj + 6kˆ . Calculate V − 2U .
A4. The driver of a vehicle moving at 25 m s-1 applies the brakes and the vehicle accelerates at a
uniform acceleration of magnitude 5.0 m s-2 until it stops. Calculate the time the vehicle would
take to stop.
A5. In a level pitch, a football leaves the player’s boot with a speed of 30 m s -1 at an angle of 28º
above the horizontal. Use one of the kinematic equations to determine the maximum height,
above ground, reached by the ball. NOTE THAT MARKS WILL NOT BE AWARDED FOR
USING THE EQUATION OF MAXIMUM HEIGHT OF A PROJECTILE ON A LEVEL
GROUND.
SECTION B: Long Questions: Weightage 75%. Marks are shown in parenthesis [ ]
B1. (a) The relation between a constant, A, and time, t, force, F, and energy, E, is E = k AFt −1 ,
where k is a dimensionless constant. Determine the dimensions of A and give its SI units.
[13]
(b) The speed of sound waves, v, in a medium depends on the bulk modulus, , and density (mass
per unit volume), , of the medium. Use Dimensional analysis to derive the relation between

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the speed of sound waves and the bulk modulus and density of the medium. Dimensions of
 are ML−1T −2 . [12]
 
B2. Two forces are given by A = ( 20 N , 40). and B = (15 N , 150).
(a) Sketch the two forces in the xy plane.

[4]
(b) Calculate the angle between the two forces (Not using product of vectors)
[2]
(c) Express the two forces in terms of the unit vectors in the xy plane.
[8]
(d) Calculate the scalar product of the two forces and use the product to determine the angle
between the two forces
[6]
   
(e) Given that R = A + B, Determine the magnitude and direction of R.
[5]
  
B3. Three vectors given by D = a iˆ − 3 ˆj + kˆ, E = −4 iˆ − bˆj − 5 kˆ and F = −6iˆ + 5 ˆj − c kˆ are such
  
that D + 2E = F.
(g) Determine a, b and c.

[6]
   
(h) Using D and E with the values of a and b from (a), determine D  E
[11]
 
(i) Use the cross product to determine the two possible angles between vectors D and E
[8]
B4. Two stones are thrown vertically up in succession from the top of a building. Stone A is thrown
with a speed of 20 m s-1 while stone B is thrown with a speed of 15 m s-1, one second after stone
A was thrown.
(a) If stone B takes 4.3 s to hit the ground; calculate;
(v) Calculate the height of the building.

[4]
(vi) Which stone would hit the ground first? Support your answer by calculations. .
[8]
(vii) Calculate the velocity with which stone B hits the ground.
[4]
(c) If the two balls collide determine;

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a. The time, after A was thrown, when the stones collide.

[5]
b. The direction in which each of the stones is moving when they collide.
[4]
B5. A volleyball player hits the ball at a height of 3.2 m above the ground at a horizontal distance
of 9.3 m from a 2.43 m high net. The initial speed of the ball is 13.7 m s -1 at an angle of 10º
above the horizontal.
i.Will the ball pass over the net? Support your answer with calculations
[9]
ii. Calculate the velocity of the ball when it passes over the net or hits the net .
[8]
iii. Assuming the ball was not stopped by the net, calculate;
(i) The time the ball will be in the air.
[6]
(ii) The horizontal displacement of the ball (from the point of projection) when the ball
hit the ground.
[2]

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Test 2 2014/2015
Wherever necessary use:

Radius of Earth, RE = 6378 km
g = 9.8 m s-2
Section A: Answer ALL Questions (Each carries 5 marks)
A1. A wheel with a diameter of 1.20 m is rotating at an angular speed of 120 rev min -1.
Calculate the angular speed in radians per second and hence determine the linear speed of
a point on the rim of the wheel.
A2. Determine the centripetal force acting on a spaceship of mass 1200 kg moving in a circular
orbit around the Earth with a constant speed of 8.0 km s -1 at an altitude of 640 km above
the Earth.
A3. A 2 kg object moving to the right at 3 m s-1 collides with a 2.8 kg object moving to the left
at 2.5 m s-1. After the collision the two objects stick together. Determine the speed and
direction of the composite object after the collision.
A4. A load of bricks has a mass of 90 kg. A crane raises this load from the ground to a height
of 40 m in 50 s at a constant speed. What is the average power of the crane?
A5. A particle of mass m moves with momentum of magnitude p. Express its kinetic energy,
in terms of mass and momentum.
Section B: Answer ANY THREE (3) Questions (Each carries 25 marks)
B1. a) Two blocks of ice slide on a horizontal surface of a frictionless frozen pond such that
block A, with mass mA = 3.0 kg, moves with initial velocity vA = 3.0 m s-1 parallel to
the x axis and collides with block B with mass mB = 2.0 kg, and initially at rest. After
collision, the velocity of A is found to be v A = 1.0 m s-1 in a direction at an angle of 30o
above the positive x axis. Using conservation of momentum, determine:
i)the x component of the final velocity of block B,
[6]
ii)the y component of the final velocity of block B,
[6]
iii)the magnitude of the final velocity of block B, and
[3]
iv)the direction of the final velocity of block B.
[3]
b) A car of mass 1600 kg starts from rest and then accelerates to reach a speed of 25 m s -1
in 6 s.
i) What is the average power needed to accomplish this?
[5]
ii) Express the average power needed in horsepower (hp). Assume that 1 hp = ¾
kW. [2]

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B2. a) A 3.2 kg mass starts at the top of a rough plane that is inclined to the horizontal at an
angle of 34o with a speed of 5.2 m s-1. After sliding for 1.4 m along the plane, the
speed of the object is 5.6 m s-1. Use work-energy principles to determine the
coefficient of friction between the block and the plane. [10]
b) A 68 kg person stands on a scale in an elevator. What does the scale read in Newton
when the elevator is:
i) moving upwards at a constant speed of 2.3 m s-1,
[2]
ii) moving with an upward acceleration of 2.3 m s-2, and
[3]
iii) Moving with a downward acceleration of 2.3 m s-2.
[3]
c) A roller-coaster car of mass 110 kg starts at the top of a 24 m hill with a velocity of 6
m s-1 and dives down into a valley whose deepest point is 7 m, before climbing to the
top of a 14 m hill. Assuming the surfaces are smooth, find the magnitude of the
velocity at the deepest point. [7]
B3. A 6 kg mass resting on a rough horizontal table is attached by a light, inextensible string,
which passes over a frictionless pulley, to a 4 kg mass hanging freely.
a) Suppose that the mass on the table is just about to slide, calculate the coefficient of
static friction between the mass and the table.
[6]
b) If the 4 kg mass is given a slight pull to start the motion, the masses move with an
acceleration of 2 ms-2. Calculate the coefficient of kinetic friction between the mass
and the table. [6]
c) Determine the horizontal force that is required to be applied to the 6 kg mass if the
acceleration is to be 2 m s-2 in the direction opposite that in (b).
[7]
d) Suppose that the table was frictionless and calculate the acceleration of the masses
and the tension in the string (without the force applied in (c)).
[6]
B4. Two objects, mass m1 and m2 are connected by a light string that passes over a frictionless pulley
as shown in the figure. The coefficient of kinetic friction between mass m2 and incline is µk
and the inclination angle is .
a) With the aid of free-body diagrams, use Newton’s Laws to determine the m2
acceleration of the system. [18] a m1
b) Suppose m1 = 1.6 kg, m2 = 7.0 kg, µk = 0.24 and  = 30.0o. Calculate the
i) acceleration of the system, and

[4]
ii) tension on the string. [3]
B5.a) The rotor of an ultracentrifuge rotates at 22 000 revolutions per minute. A particle in a
test tube is 6.0 cm from the rotation axis.
i) What is the angular speed in radians per second?
[3]
ii) Determine the period of revolution.
[2]

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iii) What is the linear speed of the particle?

[3]
iv) Calculate the magnitude of the centripetal acceleration in terms of the
magnitude of acceleration due to gravity, g.
[5]
b) A small ball of mass m, suspended by a cord of length L, makes an angle θ with the
vertical as the ball revolves in a circle of radius r.
i) Determine the speed and period of the ball in terms of L, θ and g.
[10]
ii) Given that the length is 190 cm and the angle with the vertical is 22 o, calculate
the speed of the ball.
[2]
END OF TEST 2

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CODE 000 000 012 FRONT PAGE
COURSE No.: PHY112 DURATION: 2 HRS. DATE: NOVEMBER 2015
INSTRUCTIONS:

SECTIONS

− b  b 2 − 4ac
2
2a
Refractive index of crown glass nc = 1.52
Refractive index of air na = 1.00
__________________________________________________________________________________________
No. of Pages (including this page)

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DO NOT OPEN THIS PAPER UNTIL YOU HAVE

BEEN TOLD TO DO SO BY THE SUPERVISOR 5
5

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A1. A driver driving at 28 m s-1 on a road where the maximum speed allowed is 90 km
hr-1 approaches police officers who have mounted a speed trap. Will the driver be
stopped for over-speeding? Justify your answer with calculations.
[5]
A2. (i) Deduce the dimensions of pressure.

[2]
(ii) Verify the dimensional correctness or otherwise of v = g r 2 , where g is acceleration,
v is velocity and r is radius.
[3]
A3. A car of mass 1000 kg travelling at 20 m s-1 on a horizontal straight road is brought to
rest in a distance of 40 m by applying the brakes (frictional force between the tyres and
the road surface). Determine;
(i) The average stopping force, using work
energy principle.
[3]
(ii) The acceleration of the car.
[2]
A4. The diagram shows a ray from a point object

reflected by the mirror to the eyes of a person
standing in front of the mirror. Calculate the
height of the edge of the mirror, h, above the
ground. [5]
A5. A ray of light originating from a medium of refractive index 1.66 is incident on a material
of refractive index 1.49 with an angle of incidence of 40º. Calculate the ratio of the angle
of refraction divided by the angle of reflection.
[5]

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SECTION B
B1. (a) The equation for the displacement of an object starting from rest is given by s = 4 m t 4 ,
where s is position, t is time and m is a constant. Determine the dimensions of m.
[5]
 
(d) Two vectors are given by A = 5 iˆ − 6 ˆj − 4kˆ and B = −5 iˆ + 4 ˆj − 7 kˆ .
 
(vii) A − B
[3]
 
(viii) B • A
[4]
 
(ix) A  B
[11]
 
(x) A  B
[2]
B2. (a) A softball player hits a ball at a height of 70 cm above the ground, on a level ground,
with an initial speed of 20 m s-1 at an angle of 40° above the horizontal. The ball is
caught at a height of 2 m above the ground, on its way down.
e. Calculate the horizontal and vertical components of the initial velocity of the
ball. [2]
f. How far from the point of projection is the ball caught?

[7]
g. Determine the maximum height, above the ground, reached by the ball.
[4]
(e) A plane flies at 53.3 m s-1 at a constant height, h = 500 m, towards a point where a
rescue capsule is to be dropped to the ground.
(vi) Calculate the time taken by the capsule to reach the ground.
[3]
(vii) Determine the magnitude of the velocity at which the capsule hits the ground.
[5]

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(viii) What should be the angle  of the pilot’s line of sight, from the vertical axis, to
the point where the capsule should hit the ground, when the capsule is released?
[4]
B3. (a) A 200 g object initially at rest slides along a rough plane inclined at 25° to the
horizontal. After sliding 2 m down the plane, the speed of the object is 1 m s -1.
i. Use kinematics to calculate the acceleration of the object down the plane.
[3]
ii. Draw the free body diagram of the object.
[3]
iii. Use Newton’s Laws of motion to determine the coefficient of kinetic friction.
[6]
(b) A wooden block M1 = 3 kg is hung freely by a light rigid rod of negligible mass. A
bullet of mass mb = 100 g is shot horizontally towards the block and hits the block at
10 m s-1 and is embedded into the block. Assuming the block was initially at rest,
determine:
(i) The speed of the wooden block and bullet immediately after the collision.
[3]
(ii) The vertical displacement of the wooden block and bullet when they stop.
[5]
(c) If the bullet in (b) passes through the block, without chipping any part of the block,
determine the speed of the block immediately after the collision if the bullet emerges
from the block with a speed of 5 m s-1.
[5]

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SECTION C
C1. (a) The diagram shows a ray diagram of an object OA placed in front of a spherical
mirror with a focal point F.
iv. State with a reason, the type of mirror used. [2]

v. Use the diagram to derive the mirror and magnification equations. [13]
(b) An object is placed at a distance of 10 cm in front of a convex mirror of focal length

of magnitude 15 cm.
(i) Determine the position of the image formed and state whether the image is in
front or at the back of the mirror.
[4]
(ii) Calculate the magnification of the image
[2]
(iii) State with reasons, any two characteristics of the image.
[4]
C2. (a) In an experiment to determine the refractive index of the material used for making a
prism, the angle of deviation is measured for different angles of incidence on a prism
of apex angle A and refractive index n2.
(i) Sketch how the angle of deviation, , varies with the angle of incidence, i.
[3]
(ii) With the aid of diagram, with the angle of incidence on the first surface, i, and the
angle of refraction from the first surface, r, show the passage of light that would
result in the minimum angle of deviation, labeling the angle of incidence and that
of refraction on the second surface, and the angle of deviation
[4]

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(iii) Use the diagram in (a) (ii) to show that the minimum angle of deviation, min is
 + A
sin  min 
such that
n2
=  2 
n1  A
sin  
2
[8]
(iv) Calculate the minimum angle of deviation for A = 55°, when the prism that is
made of crown glass is in air.
[5]
(d) When an object is placed in front of a convex lens of focal length f, a real image that
is three times the size of the object is formed 12 cm from the lens. Determine f.
[5]
END OF EXAM

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FACILIS VERSIO OF PHY112

Geometrical Optics, Mechanics and Vibrations and Waves

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PART A PHY112 RAPID QUESTIONS

This section contains of the questions per tutorial.

SIGNATURE: M.MASALILA (BACHELOR OF PHARMACY STUDENT)

SIGNATURE:I.MOSHOESHOE (BSC MEASURE IN PHYSICS AND MATHS STUDENT)

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QUESTION BANK OF 2022

c. Poiseuille’s equation for fluid flow through a horizontal tube is expressed as

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coefficient of viscosity, R is the radius, L is the length and P is the change in

d. Verify whether or not the following equations are dimensionally correct.

6. Two vectors A and B are given by A=3i + 7j – 2 k and B = 2i + 5j + k.

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49. Two masses m1=3kg and m2=2kg are

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50. The drawing shows three objects

53. A worker drags a crate across a factory floor by pulling

i. A stone projected from a building at a height of 12.8 m above the ground

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i. The Figure shows trajectories of two objects projected from points A

61. A particle of mass m=5.00kg is released from point A and slides on

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63. A 3.00kg object has avelocity of (6.00i-2.00j)m/s.

67. The diagram shows a rope ABCD hanging from A

70. If a stone is thrown straight up so that it reaches a maximum height h,

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72. An ultra-centrifuge spins a small test tube in a circle of radius 10 cm at 1000

73(a) A particle moving inside a smooth spherical bowl of radius a is describing a

75. A person pushing a 10.3 kg shopping trolley on a rough

76. An object of mass

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Figure. If m2 is small enough, m1 would slide-down the

77. Two connected masses m1

(a) Determine k.

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6.8 m s-1. Use work energy principles to determine the

i. In the Figure ABC is a smooth surface while

(a) the speed of the object when it passes point B

90. A 200 g object moving in the x-y plane with

(a) the mass of the second object

ii. Two objects of masses m1 = 5 kg and m2 = 3 kg

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iii. A 10 g bullet fired horizontally strikes, and gets

iv. An 85 kg man wishes to swing down from his

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MONMAS EXAMINATIONS ASSOCIATION

Wherever necessary use the following:

SECTION A: Short Questions: Weightage 25%

ANSWER ALL QUESTIONS (Each question carries 5 marks)

SECTION B: Long Questions: Weightage 75%

ANSWER ANY THREE (3) OUT OF THE FIVE (5) QUESTIONS

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