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CH 102 Experiment For Week 2 Physical States of Matter PDF

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CH 102 Experiment For Week 2 Physical States of Matter PDF

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objective: to study physical states and physical changes of matter

QCC Chemistry 102 Experiment for Week 2 of the semester Rutenburg

Physical States and Other Properties of Matter as Substances


Introduction: Each substance has a unique set of properties, which characterize this substance and by which we
recognize this substance. One of these properties is a physical state of a substance. Each substance can exist in a
solid, or a liquid, or a gaseous physical state – depending on environmental condition. Each substance can
undergo a physical change from one state to another – if conditions change. Substances in a solid physical state
are often referred as solid substances, or just solids. Substances in a liquid physical state are often referred as
liquid substances, or just liquids. Substances in a gaseous physical state are often referred as gaseous
substances, or just gases. When we deal with substances in a laboratory, we often refer to them as “chemicals”.

reminder: all sessions are recorded, i.e. everything (including us) is


Chemicals used: recorded
Solids: wood, metal, glass, Styrofoam, table salt, table sugar, baking soda, limestone, “milk” of magnesia.

Liquids: water, ethanol, acetone, ethyl acetate, mineral oil, methylene chloride.

Gases: whatever is in the air, which is a mixture of various gases, such as nitrogen, oxygen, carbon dioxide, water
vapor, etc. – cannot be observed and studied individually.

Equipment used: containers with solid and liquids chemicals, glass squares, tweezers, watch glasses, disposable
pipets. beakers, spatulas, glass rods

Safety:

1. Goggles must be worn all the time regardless simplicity of an experiment.


2. Glass squares have sharp edges – care in handling must be exercised.
3. No solids or liquids are allowed to let go into sinks, even water – except water running from taps.

Procedure (a set of instructions provided often as list by lab manuals for students, i.e. steps of the performance
of experiments:

1. Display each solid on a glass square using tweezers.


2. Observe and record appearance and other properties of each solid in table I
3. Display each liquid on a watch glass using disposable pipets for transfer (a separate disposable pipet
for each liquid)
4. Observe and record appearance and other properties of each liquid in table II

Conversion of procedure into a text in a formal lab report:

Each solid was displayed on a glass square using tweezers for study of its properties. Each liquid was displayed
on a watch glass using a separate disposable pipet for each liquid for study of its properties.

Alternative mode: We displayed each solid on a glass square using tweezers to study their properties. We
displayed each liquid on a watch glass using a disposable pipet for each liquid to study their properties.
Results, discussion, and conclusion: content of the conclusion depends on the nature of the experiment. In this
experiment it can be drawn from tables – grouping solids and liquids into common properties.

Results, discussion and conclusion for a formal lab report: Wood, metal, glass, Styrofoam had appearance of an
object (one solid piece of each). Table salt, table sugar, baking soda, limestone, “milk” of magnesia were crystals,
some bigger size, others smaller size (powder). All liquids had no color and looked like water. Three liquids
(ethanol, acetone, ethyl acetate) had distinct smell. They also turned out to be volatile liquids (evaporate easily,
much faster than water). Mineral oil had no smell and turned out to be a viscous liquid.

Substance physical state physical change (if any)

Wood
Metal
Glass
Styrofoam
Table salt
Table sugar
Baking soda
Limestone
“Milk of magnesia”
Water
Ethanol
(alcohol)
Acetone
(old nail polish remover)
Ethyl acetate
(new nail polish remover)
Mineral oil
Methylene chloride
(used to decaffeinate coffee)

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