Converting units of Length

Q1. Match each of the following abbreviations to the units of lengths.

m centimetre

mm meter

m kilometre

km millimetres

Q2. Write the following units in order from the smallest to the largest.

m, km, cm, mm

Length

Remember:
Bigger to smaller units- you multiply
Smaller units to bigger units – you divide
Q3. Convert the following metric lengths by completing these equations.

a) 76 cm = mm b) 0.63 cm= mm

c) 35 m = cm d) 548 cm = mm

e) 0.097 m = cm f) 0.0137 km = m

g) 1.2 cm = mm h) 4580 m = km

i) 6488 mm = cm j) 0.0084 km= m

Q4. Convert:

a) 860 cm to m b) 345 mm to m c)25 900 m to km

d) 80 000 cm to km e) 3200 m to km f) 904 cm to mm

Perimeter of a shape: Perimeter of a shape is the distance around that shape as shown in the following
examples.

Example: Find the perimeter of each of the following figures.

5.Find the perimeter of each of the following figures.

6. Find the perimeter of each shape. Give your answer in metres

7. Determine the value of the other side in each rectangle given the perimeter and one side length.

a Perimeter = 62 m, one side = 11 cm

b Perimeter = 216 cm, one side = 24 cm

c Perimeter = 96 cm, one side = 19 cm

d Perimeter = 78 cm, one side = 8 cm

e Perimeter = 28.82 cm, one side = 7.8 cm

f Perimeter = 41.2 cm, one side = 15.4 cm

Area

Q8. Use the diagram above to help you convert:

a) 5 m2 to cm2 b) 9 ha to m2 c) 7.5 cm2 to mm2
d) 2.9 km2 to m2 e) 16.7 km2 to ha f) 4000 cm2 to m2
g) 76 200 m2 to ha h) 930 000 m2 to km2 i) 260 000 mm2 to m2
j) 12 m2 to cm2 k) 4.5 ha to m2 l) 3.8 cm2 to mm2
m) 64 000 m2 to ha n) 3000000 m2 to km2 o) 85 000 mm2 to m2

Area of a shape
 The area of a shape is a measure of the amount of surface enclosed by that shape.
 A formula can be used to calculate the area of simple shapes.
Q9. Write the length and breadth of the following rectangle.

Q10. Find the area of the following rectangles.

Q11. Write the values of bases and heights of the following triangles.

Q12. Find the area of each of these triangles

Q13. What area of plastic sheet would be needed to make 12 of the ‘talking rectangle’ signs with the
dimensions 43 cm and 30 cm.?

Area of parallelogram
Area = base × height = bh

Q14. Write the values of base and height of the following parallelogram.

Q15. Find the area of the parallelograms in Q14.

Area of trapezium, rhombus or kite

 Trapezium Rhombus or kite

where a and b are two bases and h is the height of
where x and y are the diagonals

Q16. Write the values of a, b and h. in the following trapezium.

Q17. Find the area of each of the following trapeziums.

Q18. Find the area of each of the following rhombuses.

Q19. Find the area of each of the following kites.

Features of a circle
– Diameter (d) is the distance across the centre of a circle.
– Radius (r) is the distance from the centre to the circle.
Note d = 2r.
Circumference (C) is the distance around a circle.
C = 2πr or C = πd
Pi (π) ≈ 3.14159 (correct to five decimal places)
22
– Common approximations include 3.14 and
7

Do the following exercise:

1.Name the features of the circle as shown.

2 a) Find the diameter of a circle if its radius is:

i) 5 m ii) 11 cm iii) 2.3 mm

b) Find the radius of a circle if its diameter is:

i) 12 cm ii) 31 mm iii) 0.42 m

Area of a circle:
The area of a circle is given by the formula A = πr2.
– The diameter is twice the radius: d = 2r

■ A half circle is called a semicircle.

1 2
A= πr
2

■ A quarter circle is called a quadrant.

1 2
A= πr
4

1. Write the rule for:

a) the circumference of a circle.

b) the area of a circle.

2. Use a calculator to evaluate these to two decimal places.

a) π × 52

b) π × 132

c) π × 3.12

d) π × 9.82

3. What fraction of full circle is shown here?

4. What is the length of the radius in these shapes?

5. Find the circumference of these circles correct to two decimal places. Use a calculator for the value of pi.

6. Find the circumference of these circles correct to two decimal places.

7. The diameter of a metal drum is 80 cm. Find its circumference correct to the nearest whole cm.

8. A wheel of radius 28 cm rolls one full turn. Find how far it rolls correct to the nearest cm.

9. An athlete trains on a circular track of radius 40 m and jogs 10 laps each day, 5 days a week. How far
does he jog each week? Round the answer to the nearest whole number of metres.

10. These shapes are semicircles. Find the perimeter of these shapes including the straight edge and round
the answer to two decimal places.

Example: Finding Area of a circle using a radius.

11. Find the area of these circles correct to two decimal places.
12. Find the area of these circles, correct to two decimal places. (First work out the radius)

13. Find the area of the circle inside these shapes. Round to two decimal places.

14. A pizza tray has a diameter of 30 cm. Calculate its area to the nearest whole number of cm 2.

15. A tree trunk is cut to show a circular cross-section of radius 60 cm. Is the area of the cross-section more
than 1 m2 and, if so, by how much? Round your answer to the nearest whole number of cm2.

16. Find the area of these quadrants and semicircles correct to two decimal places.

17. Two circular plates have radii 12 cm and 13 cm. Find the difference in their area correct to two decimal
places.
18. A square of side length 10 cm has a hole in the middle. The diameter of the hole is 5 cm. What is the
area remaining? Round the answer to the nearest whole number.

19. Find the areas of the shaded region of these composite shapes using addition or subtraction. Round the
answer to two decimal places.

Area of sectors and composite figures

A slice of pizza or a portion of a round cake cut from the centre forms a shape
called a sector. The area cleaned by a windscreen wiper could also be thought of
as a difference of two sectors with the same angle but different radii. Clearly the
area of a sector depends on its radius, but it also depends on the angle between
the two straight edges.

Complete this table to develop the rule for finding the area of a sector
Volume: The amount of three-dimensional space in an object.
■ Volume of a rectangular prism –

Volume = length × width × height

V = lwh

■ Volume of a cube V = l 3

Example: Find the volume of this rectangular prism.

Solution:

V = lwh = 6 × 4 × 2 = 48 m3

1. Find the volume of these rectangular prisms.

 Volume of prisms

We know that for a rectangular prism, its volume V is given by the rule V = l×w×h. Length × width (lw)
gives the number of cubes on the base, but it also tells us the area of the base A. So V = lwh could also be
written as V = Ah.

The rule V = Ah can also be applied to prisms that have different shapes as their bases.

https://www.mathsisfun.com/geometry/prisms.html

Try to draw prisms that have the following shapes as their cross-sections.

• Rectangle • Triangle • Trapezium

• Pentagon • Parallelogram • Kite

The cross-section of a prism should be the same size and shape along the entire length of the prism. Check
this property on your drawings.

■ A prism is a solid with a constant (uniform) cross-section.

– Its sides between the two congruent ends are parallelograms.

– A right prism has rectangular sides between the congruent ends.

■ Volume of a prism = Area of cross-section × perpendicular height or V = Ah

Do the following exercise:

1.What is the shape of the cross-section in these prisms (shaded)?

2 What is the area of the shaded cross-sections in question 1?

3 For these solids below:

i state whether or not it is a prism.

ii if it is a prism, state the shape of its cross-section.

Example: Find the volume of this prism using V = Ah.

Solution:

V = Ah = 10 × 3 = 30 cm3

4 Find the volume of these solids using V = Ah

Example: Find the volume of this prism.

Solution:

1
A= bh
2

1
= × 4 × 2 = 4 m2
2

V = Ah

=4×8

= 32 m3

5 Find the volume of these prisms.

6. A rectangular drain pipe has a cross-sectional area of 4 m2 and is 10 m long. Find its volume.
7. These solids have cross-sections which are parallelograms, trapeziums, rhombuses or kites. Find their
volume.

8. A swimming pool is a prism with a cross-section that is a trapezium. The pool is being filled at a rate of
1000 litres per hour.

a) Find the capacity of the pool in litres.

b) How long will it take to fill the pool?

Although a cylinder is not a prism, the volume of a cylinder can be calculated using

V = Ah where A = πr2 so V = πr 2h.

9.Find the volume of these cylinders. Round the answer to two decimal places.
 Volume and capacity
Volume refers to the amount of space occupied by an object. Capacity refers to the quantity, usually of
liquid, that can be contained by a solid.

1 L (1000 mL) = 1000 cm3 and 1 mL = 1 cm3

Example: What is the volume in cm3 of a container that has a capacity of:
a) 20 mL b) 63 mL c) 4000 mL

Example:
4 Complete to find the volume in cm3 of a container that has a capacity of:

a 3 L = 3 × 1000 = __ cm3 b 8 L = 8 × _____ cm3 = __ cm3

c 7 L = ___ × ___ = __ cm3

5 Find the volume in cm3 of a container that has a capacity of:

a 4.2 L b 5.3 L c 8.9 L d 6.45 L

e 5.44 L f 3.21 L g 4.495 L h 6.293 L

i 8.443 L j 70 L k 50 L l 120 L

6. Which measure of capacity, mL or L, would be used for the volume held by these containers?

a teacup

b ice-cream container

c large plastic milk container

d small can of baked beans

e large bottle of soft drink

f can of drink

g small milk carton

h home fish tank

i party balloon

When dealing with larger volumes we use the following conversion:

1 m3 = 1000 L = 1 kL

1 kL means 1 kilolitre. This is equivalent to 1000 litres.

A cube with sides length of 1 m would hold 1000 L or 1 kilolitre of liquid.

1 ML = 1 000 000 L = 1000 kL

 Mass

Mass relates to how heavy an object is. We use the metric units milligrams, grams, kilograms and tonnes to
measure mass. The mass of a large elephant is about 4000 kg or 4 tonnes, while the mass of an ant is about 2
milligrams.
1 Write the missing word or number in these sentences.

a There are ____ grams in 1 kilogram.

b There are 1000 ____________ in 1 gram.
c There are 1000 kilograms in 1 ____________.
2 Choose the mass (A to F) that best matches the given object (a to f ).
a human hair A 300 g
b 10-cent coin B 40 kg
c bottle C 100 mg
d large book D 1.5 kg
e large bag of sand E 13 t
f truck F5g
3. Convert to the units shown in the brackets.
a 2 kg (g) b 7 kg (g) c 6.2 kg (g)
d 5.8 kg (g) e 6000 g (kg) f 8900 g (kg)
g 900 g (kg) h 450 g (kg) i 5 t (kg)
j 0.6 t (kg) k 2400 kg (t) l 4320 kg (t)
m 3 g (mg) n 4.2 g (mg) o 7500 mg (g)

4. Convert to the units shown in brackets.

a 4620 mg (g) b 21 600 kg (t) c 0.47 t (kg)

3
d 312 g (kg) e 27 mg (g) f t (kg)
4

1
g kg (g) h 10.5 g (kg) i 210 000 kg (t)
8

j 0.47 t (kg) k 592 000 mg (g) l 0.08 kg (g)

Plans and views

Example1. The object shown at right is made from 4 cubes.

Draw plans of it showing:
a) the front view b) the right view c) the top view.

Exercise
1. The following objects are made from cubes. For every object draw the plans, showing the front view, the right view and
the top view.
 Views of Solids

Name the 3-D solids that Match the views shown Sketch the view of the
would have these top with the shapes below, 3-D solids indicated by
and side views. write the letter. the arrow.

1.
9. Top view
Top view 14. Top view
Top
Front view Side view
Side view Side
2.
Top view 15.
Front view Side view 10. Top view

Top
3.
Side Front view
Top view Side view

16.
Front view Side view
Top view
11. Top
4.
Side Side view
Top view Side view

Front view Side view 12. Top view 17. Top view

Top
5.
Top view
Side view
Side
18.
Front view Side view
13. Top view

Side view
6. Top
Top view
Side 19. Top view
Front view Side view Side view

7.
Top view A B C
20. Top view
Front view Side view

8. D E F
Top view

Front view Side view

H I
G