Overview of GUI

Programming

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 Definition
The collection of different Microsoft components
(such as CLR, .NET framework Class library)
through which we can develop application program is
called as .NET framework.

 Provided by Microsoft for software development.

 Supports 72+ different programming languages.
 Can used to develop the windows based as well as mobile
based applications.
 Provides User friendly environment.
 Platform independent.

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 .NET framework provides:
1. OO Environment to develop application.
2. Security to code.
3. Language compatibility.(Many Languages)

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VB.NET C# Jscript.NET ------- Other

Common Language Specification(CLS)

Common Type System(CTS)

.NET Framework Class Library(FCL)

ASP.NET Web forms & services Windows Forms Console

ADO.NET

CLR (JIT, Garbage collector)

Operating System

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 There are 8 components of .NET framework.
1. CLR (Common Language Runtime)
2. CLS(Common Language Specification)
3. MSIL(Microsoft Intermediate Language)
4. CTS(Common Type System)
5. Assembly
6. Garbage Collection
7. Just In Time Compiler
8. .NET framework class library(FCL)

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1. CLR(Common Language Runtime)
▪ It is Execution engine of .NET programs
▪ It is the runtime environment of .NET framework.
▪ Manages and Executes all running codes.

▪ Features of CLR:
1. Automatic Memory Management (i. e. Garbage collection)
2. Debugging(means Identify and remove Errors)
3. Language Interoperability(i.e. Different prog. Languages)
4. Platform Independent(compiles code machine independent)
5. Security Management( code performs permitted task only)

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2. CLS(Common Language Specification)
▪ CLS is the set of Rules that compiler should have to follow
while creating the VB.NET application.
▪ There must be common set of standards to which every .NET
language must follows. This common set of language features
is called CLS
▪ Ensure the type safety of code.

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3. CTS(Common Type System)
▪ Contains all basic data types and data mechanism used in
VB.NET programs.
▪ CTS is a standard specifies how type definitions & specific
values of types are represented in computer memory.
▪ CTS divides data in 2 types:
▪ 1.Value type : Actual value/data get stored.
▪ 2. Reference type: addresses /references of data get stored.

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4. .NET Framework class library(FCL)
▪ The collection of languages which supports to .NET &
reusable classes is known as .NET FCL.

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5. Microsoft Intermediate Language(MSIL)
 Source code is converted into MSIL which machine
independent set of instructions.
 MSIL includes set of instructions which is used to load ,
store and initialize & call the methods on objects
 May contain arithmetic and logical operations
 When source code converted into MSIL it creates Metadata.

Source Code Language MSIL

Compiler

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6. Just In Time(JIT)/ .NET compiler
 It is a part of CLR which manages the execution of all .NET
application.
 Source code compiled to Native executable code(. exe, . dll)

MSIL JIT Compiler Native Code

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7. Assembly
 Assembly is the collection of types and resources that are
built to work together and form logical unit of functionality.
 It is the building block of .NET application which contain
code which CLR executes is called as assembly.
 It is output unit (.exe,.dll)
 Contains MSIL code.
 There are 2 types
1.Private Assembly
2.Shared Assembly

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8. Garbage collector
 Manages the allocations and release of memory.
 Automatically manages memory for application.

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 Compilation

Source Code Language MSIL

Compiler

Native Code JIT/. Net

Compiler

Execution

Fig. Compilation and execution of .NET code

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 IDE: Integrated Development Environment
 Means collection of tools required to develop s/w.
 Tools in VB.NET IDE :8
1. Menu Bar
2. Standard Toolbar
3. Tool Box
4. Form Designer
5. Output Window
6. Solution Explorer
7. Property window
8. Error list

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1.Menu Bar
 Contains different sub menu to run VB.NET
application.
2.Standard Toolbar
 Contains frequently used commands in icon format
3.ToolBox
 Contains different controls which can be drag and
drop on windows form.
4.Form Designer
 Form is container for all the controls.

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5.Output Window
 Shows output.
6.Solution Explorer
 Contains different forms used in VB.NET application.
7.Property Window
 Shows all the properties of the controls (text box,
checkbox, label)to be changed at design time.
8.Error List
 Display errors after debugging.

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 Namespace: there are 2 types 1.system 2.User Defined
 Namespace is the logical grouping of classes and interfaces.
 Unique names are given due to which it avoid name conflict.

 Used to avoid name collision.

1.System Namespaces in VB.NET

1.System:Root namespace include classes that represents basic
data types.
2.System.IO:Contains classes for data access i.e. I/O
3.System.Drawing:contains classes for 2D graphics.
4.System.DATA: provides functionality for database operations.
5.System.Windows.Forms:provides classes for user interface for
windows based application.
6.System.Threading :contains classes for multithreading program.
7.System.XML:includes classes for creating &processing XML
document
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2.User Defined Namespace:
 Namespaces are designated a collection of
programming elements, classes.
 Namespaces are used to avoid name collisions.
 Syntax: Namespace <Namespace_Name>
Classes/struct, etc
End Namespace

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 Event:
Event is the action performed by user like key press,
mouse movement etc.
 Event Driven Program:
Computer program in which flow of program is determined by
event.
 Event Handler :
 Event may call function.
 Event handler are the function that tells how to respond to
event.
 Examples of events are:

clicking on button, entering some text in textbox.

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 There are 2 types of events:
1. Mouse Event

2. Keyboard Event

1. Keyboard Event
 There are 3 keyboard events.
1. KeyDown
2. KeyPress
3. KeyUp

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1.Keyboard Event
 There are 3 keyboard events.

1. Key Press Event :Occurs when key is pressed

2. Key Down: Occurs When key pressed down.

3. Key Up : Occurs when key is released.

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2.Mouse Event
Occurs when mouse movement over form and controls.
 There are different Mouse events are as:

1. Mouse Down: Occurs When Mouse Button is pressed.

2. Mouse Enter: Occurs when Mouse pointer enters the controls

3. Mouse Hover: Occurs when Mouse pointer hover over controls

4. Mouse Leave: Occurs when Mouse pointer leaves the controls.

5. Mouse Move: Occurs when Mouse pointer moves over control.

6. Mouse UP: Occurs when Mouse pointer is over the control.

7. Mouse Wheel: Occurs when the Mouse wheel moves and the
control has focused.

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1.Open Microsoft visual studio 2015
2.Select from File Menu New Project then select console or
windows application .
3.If Windows based application then design form by drawing
controls on the form.
4.Change the required properties of selected controls .
5.Open code windows and write code for particular event.
6.Finally Run Application.

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 To Build Console Application functions/methods used:
 Read( ): Method used to read the information i. e. it reads
the character on console.
 ReadLine( ) :Reads the Data from command line. i. e. It reads
whole string from command line.
 Write( ): Used to Write message on Command line and
mouse pointer will remains on the same line.
 WriteLine( ) : Write the data on command line until the
current line terminates and mouse pointer
moves to next new line

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Module Module1
Sub Main()
Console. WriteLine("WELCOME....")
Console. WriteLine("VB.NET Environment....")
Console. ReadLine()

End Sub

End Module

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Module Module1
Dim a As Integer = 10
Dim b As Integer = 50
Dim c As Integer
Sub Main()
c=a+b
Console. WriteLine(c)
Console. WriteLine("ADDITION IS:{0}", c)
Console. WriteLine("Addition of two numbers is:" & c)
Console. ReadLine()
End Sub
End Module

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Namespace student
Class welcome
Public Shared Sub open()
Console. WriteLine("WELCOME TO VB.NET")
End Sub
End Class
End Namespace
Module Module1
Sub Main()
student. welcome. open()
Console. ReadLine ()
End Sub
End Module

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Namespace addition
Class student
Public Shared Sub open()
Dim a As Integer = 10
Dim b As Integer = 40
Dim c As Integer
c=a+b
Console. WriteLine(c)
Console. WriteLine("Addition is{0}", c)
Console. WriteLine("ADDITION IS:" & c)
End Sub
End Class
End Namespace
Module Module1
Sub Main()
addition. student. open()
Console. ReadLine()
End Sub
End Module
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