Basics of Computer

Graphics

Welcome to the captivating world of computer graphics! This

presentation will delve into the fundamental concepts and principles
that underpin this transformative field. From understanding the
building blocks of digital images to exploring the cutting-edge
technologies shaping the future, we'll embark on a journey to unravel
the intricacies of computer graphics. Get ready to discover the power
and potential of this ever-evolving art and science.
Introduction to Computer Graphics
Computer graphics encompasses the creation of visual content using computers. It's a diverse field with
applications in various domains, including entertainment, design, simulation, and data visualization.
Computer graphics has revolutionized how we interact with information, bringing virtual worlds and digital
experiences to life.

1 Entertainment
From video games and movies to animation and special effects, computer graphics plays a central
role in entertaining audiences worldwide. It allows for the creation of realistic worlds, engaging
characters, and breathtaking visuals, enhancing the immersive experience.

2 Design
Computer graphics is indispensable in design, from creating logos and branding materials to
generating architectural renderings and product mockups. It provides designers with powerful
tools to visualize ideas, experiment with different concepts, and present their designs effectively.

3 Simulation
Computer graphics enables the simulation of complex phenomena, such as weather patterns, fluid
dynamics, and medical procedures. These simulations provide valuable insights for researchers,
engineers, and medical professionals, aiding in decision-making and problem-solving.
2D Graphics Basics
2D graphics are images and designs created on a flat plane. They are composed of pixels, which are the smallest units of
a digital image. The resolution of an image refers to the amount of detail it holds, measured in pixels. Higher resolution
images have more pixels and therefore greater detail. 2D graphics are categorized as either vector graphics or raster
graphics.

Vector Graphics Raster Graphics

Vector graphics are created using mathematical Raster graphics are made up of pixels arranged in a grid.
equations that define lines, curves, and shapes. They are The color of each pixel determines the overall image.
scalable without losing quality because they are not When you zoom in on a raster image, you will notice
made up of pixels. Examples of vector graphics include pixels and the image becomes pixelated. Examples
Scalable Vector Graphics (SVG) format used on the web include JPEG, PNG, and GIF image formats.
and Adobe Illustrator files.
3D Graphics Basics
3D graphics involve creating models and animations that have depth and perspective. They are composed of vertices, edges,
and faces. Vertices are points in 3D space that define the location of objects. Edges are lines connecting vertices and define
the shape of objects. Faces are flat surfaces bounded by edges and define the surface of an object.

Meshes Rendering
Meshes are collections of vertices, edges, and faces Rendering is the process of generating an image from a
that represent the geometry of a 3D object. They are 3D model. This involves simulating light and shadow
often used in computer graphics to create realistic effects to create a realistic image. There are two main
models of objects and environments. methods of rendering: ray tracing and rasterization.
Graphic File Formats
Graphic file formats are used to store and represent digital images. Different formats have different
advantages and disadvantages based on factors such as image quality, compression efficiency, and
compatibility with different software applications.

Format Type Compression Applications

JPEG Raster Lossy Photographs, web

images

PNG Raster Lossless Web images, logos,

icons

GIF Raster Lossless Animations, web

graphics

SVG Vector Lossless Web graphics,

icons, illustrations

EPS Vector Lossless Print graphics,

design files
Future Trends and Technologies
Computer graphics is a rapidly evolving field with new technologies and applications constantly emerging.
Advancements in computing power and software development are leading to breakthroughs in real-time
rendering, ray tracing, virtual and augmented reality, and artificial intelligence in graphics.

Real-time Rendering
Real-time rendering allows for the creation of dynamic and interactive graphics
experiences, enabling fluid animations, realistic lighting effects, and immersive
environments in real time. It is used in video games, virtual reality, and other applications
where instantaneous feedback is crucial.

Ray Tracing
Ray tracing is a technique used in computer graphics to simulate the interaction of light
with objects. It involves tracing rays of light from a virtual camera into a scene to create
realistic lighting, reflections, and shadows. Ray tracing is becoming increasingly prevalent
in video games, movies, and other applications, enabling photorealistic visuals.

Virtual and Augmented Reality

Virtual reality (VR) creates immersive experiences by transporting users to computer-
generated worlds, while augmented reality (AR) overlays digital content onto the real world.
These technologies are changing how we interact with information and the world around
us, with applications in entertainment, education, healthcare, and more.
 Conclusion

The field of computer graphics is continually evolving, pushing the

boundaries of what's possible and creating exciting new possibilities.
From video games and movies to design and scientific research,
computer graphics has become an integral part of our lives. As
technologies continue to advance, we can expect even more
innovative and transformative applications of computer graphics in
the years to come.