Seat No.: ________ Enrolment No.

___________

GUJARAT TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY

BE - SEMESTER–VII (NEW) EXAMINATION – SUMMER 2021
Subject Code:2170908 Date:04/08/2021
Subject Name:Switch Gear and Protection
Time:10:30 AM TO 01:00 PM Total Marks: 70
Instructions:
1. Attempt all questions.
2. Make suitable assumptions wherever necessary.
3. Figures to the right indicate full marks.

Q.1 (a) Define and explain the necessity of backup protection and classify it. 03
(b) Define and explain PSM and TMS. 04
(c) Explain construction and working of Minimum Oil Circuit Breaker 07
(MOCB).

Q.2 (a) Explain zones of protection of Differential relay. 03

(b) Explain Recovery Rate theory for extinction of arc. 04
(c) Explain the construction and working of Buchholz Relay with necessary 07
diagram.
OR
(c) Explain harmonic restraint relay used for transformer protection. 07
Q.3 (a) Define : i) Breaking capacity, ii) Making capacity, 03
iii) Short time rating
(b) Compare: Measuring CT and Protection CT 04
(c) Draw block diagram of Numerical relay. Also list advantages and 07
limitations of Numerical relay.
OR
Q.3 (a) Define Restriking voltage and Recovery voltage. 03
(b) Explain the points to be considered in selection of CT. 04
(c) Explain block diagram of Numerical relay for transformer protection. 07
Q.4 (a) Explain three step distance time protection. 03
(b) Discuss “overreach” and “under reach” in distance relay protection. 04
(c) Draw and explain the schematic diagram of carrier current protection 07
scheme of lines.
OR
Q.4 (a) Explain need of carried aided protection of transmission lines. 03
(b) Explain phase comparison carrier protection. 04
(c) Explain MHO type distance relay with necessary diagram. 07
Q.5 (a) What is loss of excitation in a generator? Which protection is used for 03
it?
(b) Explain negative phase sequence protection against unbalanced load. 04
(c) Enlist and explain abnormal conditions that can occur in 3 phase 07
induction motor.
OR
Q.5 (a) Explain protection of 3-phase induction motor against short circuit. 03
(b) Explain Earth fault protection used in induction motor. 04
(c) Explain Stator inter-turn fault protection for generator with necessary 07
diagram.

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Seat No.: ________ Enrolment No.___________

GUJARAT TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY

BE - SEMESTER–VII (NEW) EXAMINATION – SUMMER 2022
Subject Code:3170908 Date:01/06/2022
Subject Name:Switchgear And Protection
Time:02:30 PM TO 05:00 PM Total Marks: 70
Instructions:
1. Attempt all questions.
2. Make suitable assumptions wherever necessary.
3. Figures to the right indicate full marks.
4. Simple and non-programmable scientific calculators are allowed.
MARKS

Q.1 (a) Define following qualities of a protective relay: 03

(i) Sensitivity (ii) Selectivity (iii) Discrimination
(b) Explain following terms with reference to Circuit Breaker: 04
(i) Breaking Current (ii) Making Current
(c) Draw and explain basic tripping mechanism of relay. 07

Q.2 (a) Define the terms ‘Plug Setting Multiplier’. An IDMT type overcurrent relay is 03
used to protect a feeder through a 600/1A CT. The relay has a plug setting of
125%. Find the Plug Setting Multiplier, if a fault current of 6000A flows through
the feeder.
(b) Explain the operating characteristic of percentage biased differential relay. 04
(c) Draw a schematic diagram of primary protection zone of various equipments. 07
Also explain the difference between primary and back-up protection.
OR
(c) With a neat sketch, explain working of induction disc type relay. 07

Q.3 (a) Enumerate the superiority of distance relay for the protection of transmission line. 03
(b) Explain restricted earth fault protection of three phase transformer. 04
(c) Give comparison of Simple Impedance relay, Reactance relay and MHO relay. 07
OR
Q.3 (a) Describe different abnormalities in the transformer. 03
(b) Define under reach and over reach of distance relay. 04
(c) With a neat diagram, explain working of Buchholz relay. 07

Q.4 (a) Explain protection of generator against unbalanced loading. 03

(b) Compare measuring CT & protective CT. 04
(c) Classify various types of faults and abnormal condition in Induction motors and 07
protections used for them.
OR
Q.4 (a) Explain the effect of CT saturation on busbar protection. 03
(b) Describe protection against loss of excitation in generator. 04
(c) A 200 MW, 13.8 kV, 0.9 PF, 50 Hz, 3-, Y-connected generator is protected by 07
earth-fault relay. The relay is set to operate at 10%. The CT ratio is 10,000/1 A.
A resistor is used in the neutral circuit of the generator to limit the earth-fault
current to 50% of the normal load current. Determine the value of the resistor and
percentage of stator winding protected.

Q.5 (a) Define the following: (i) CT ratio error, (ii) CT phase angle error, (iii) CT Burden 03
(b) Discuss Recovery Rate Theory (Slepian’s Theory) and Energy Balance Theory 04
(Cassie’s Theory) for arc extinction in Circuit breaker.
(c) With the help of schematic diagram, discuss various components of numerical 07
relay.

1
 OR
Q.5 (a) Define: (i) Re-striking voltage (ii) Recovery voltage (iii) RRRV 03
(b) Compare Electromagnetic type PT & Capacitive type PT 04
(c) With a neat sketch, Describe SF6 Circuit Breaker. 07

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Seat No.: ________ Enrolment No.___________

GUJARAT TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY

BE – SEMESTER- VII EXAMINATION-SUMMER 2023
Subject Code: 3170908 Date: 27/06/2023
Subject Name: Switchgear And Protection
Time: 10:30 AM TO 01:00 PM Total Marks: 70
Instructions:
1. Attempt all questions.
2. Make suitable assumptions wherever necessary.
3. Figures to the right indicate full marks.
4. Simple and non-programmable scientific calculators are allowed.
Marks
Q.1 (a) Define the reach, underreach, and overreach of the relay. 03
(b) Discuss various zones of protection for a modern power system and explain 04
the primary and backup protection.
(c) Explain with a neat diagram the working of the numerical relay. 07

Q.2 (a) Describe with a neat diagram the time-graded protection of a radial feeder. 03
(b) Discuss the time-current characteristics of an IDMT, normal inverse, very- 04
inverse, and extremely inverse overcurrent relays with their areas of
application.
(c) A radial feeder ABC is sectionalized into parts AB and BC. Part AB near the 07
source has a relay R2 and part BC at the far end has a relay R1. R1 is set to
100 % and R2 is set to 125 % plug setting. CT ratios for both relays are
600/1A. Determine the time of operation of both relays when a fault occurs at
the end of the feeder section BC. The fault current is 6000 A. The time
multiplying setting (TMS) of R1 is 0.2. Determine the TMS of R2. Both relays
follow the characteristics given below in Table 1. Consider the coordination
time interval (CTI) as 0.3 sec.
Table 1 PSM Vs Time of operation characteristic.
PSM 2 3.6 5 6.6 8 10 15
Time for TMS 10 6 3.9 3.5 3.15 2.8 2.2

OR
(c) Draw the phasor diagram for the 30° and 60° connection of a directional 07
overcurrent (OC) relay and explain the limitations of normal OC relay.

Q.3 (a) Describe the operation of 3–stepped distance protection. 03

(b) Explain the Mho and Offset Mho relay with a neat R-X characteristic. 04
(c) Discuss the following in brief with regard to the distance relay operation: 07
(a) Effect of arc resistance and (b) Effect of power swing.

OR
Q.3 (a) A 3 – phase transformer having a line voltage ratio of 440 V/11 kV, is 03
connected in star/delta. The protective transformers on the 440 V side have a
current ratio of 500/5 A. What should be the CT ratio on the 11 kV side?
(b) Write a short note on Buchholz relay. 04
(c) Explain the percentage differential relay's construction, working, and 07
operating characteristics.

1
Q.4 (a) Give the detail of various normal, abnormal, and faulty operating conditions 03
of an alternator.
(b) Explain the scheme for the detection of turn-to-turn faults for an alternator. 04
(c) Explain in brief the factors to be considered in the selection of the CT for 07
protection application.

OR
Q.4 (a) Classify various busbar protection schemes. 03
(b) Discuss the impact of CT saturation on busbar protection. 04
(c) Explain in detail with a neat diagram the application of reverse phasing 07
protection to an induction motor.

Q.5 (a) Discuss the phenomena of current chopping. 03

(b) Describe various types of ratings for circuit breakers. 04
(c) With a neat figure, explain the construction and working of an SF6 circuit 07
breaker including its advantages and disadvantages.

OR
Q.5 (a) Explain in brief the concept of adaptive protection. 03
(b) Calculate the RRRV of the 132 kV circuit breaker with neutral earthed. The 04
Short circuit data given as: the broken current is symmetrical, restriking
voltage has a frequency of 20 kHz, p.f. is 0.15. Assume fault is also earthed.
(c) Derive the expression for the restriking, RRRV, rate of rise of TRV, the 07
maximum value of RV, and maximum value of RRRV.