Python Programmimg (CM-505)

UNIT-2(CONTROL FLOW AND LOOPS)

Control flow statements:
There comes situations in real life when we need to make some decisions and based
on these decisions, we decide what should we do next.
Similar situations arise in programming also where we need to make some decisions
and based on these decisions we will execute the next block of code.
Decision-making statements in programming languages decide the direction of the
flow of program execution.
In Python,if, if-else elif statement is used for decision making.

Python programming language assumes any non-zero and non-null values as True,
and if it is either zero or null, then it is assumed as False value.

Statement Description
if statements if statement consists of a boolean expression followed by one or more
statements.
if...else statements if statement can be followed by an optional else statement, which
executes when the boolean expression is FALSE.
nested if statements You can use one if or else if statement inside another if or else if
statement(s).
The if Statement
if statement is the most simple decision-making statement. It is used to decide whether a
certain statement or block of statements will be executed or not.
i.e if a certain condition is true then a block of statement is executed otherwise not..
Syntax:
if condition:
statements

First, the condition is tested. If the condition is True, then the statements given after
colon (:) are executed. We can write one or more statements after colon (:).

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FLOWCHART:

Example:
a=10
b=15 B is big
if a < b: 15
print “B is big”
print “B value is”,b

The if ... else statement

An else statement can be combined with an if statement. An else statement contains
the block of code that executes if the conditional expression in the if statement resolves to 0
or a FALSE value.
The else statement is an optional statement and there could be at most only one else
statement following if.

Syntax:

if condition:
statement(s)
else:
statement(s)

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Example: Output:

a=48 b=34
A is big
if a < b:
A value is 48
print( “B is big” )
END
print( “B value is”, b)
else:
print (“A is big”)
print (“A value is”, a)
print( “END”)

Q) Write a program for checking whether the given number is even or not.
Program:
a=int(input("Enter a ")
if a%2==0:
print ("a is EVEN num”)
else:
print ("a is NOT EVEN Number")
Output-1: Output-2:
Enter a : 56 Enter a value: 27
a is EVEN num a is NOT EVEN Number
The elif Statement
The elif statement allows you to check multiple expressions for True and execute a
block of code as soon as one of the conditions evaluates to True.
Similar to the else, the elif statement is optional. However, unlike else, for which
there can be at most one statement, there can be an arbitrary number of elif statements
following an if.

Syntax:
if condition1:
statement(s)
elif condition2:
statement(s)
else:
statement(s)

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Python Programmimg (CM-505)

Example:
a=20
b=10
c=30
if a >= b and a >= c:
print( "a is big")
elif b >= a and b >= c:
print( "b is big")
else:
print ("c is big")
Output:
c is big
Decision Loops
• In general, statements are executed sequentially: The first statement in a function is executed
first, followed by the second, and so on. There may be a situation when you need to execute
a block of code several number of times.
• A loop statement allows us to execute a statement or group of statements multiple times. The
following diagram illustrates a loop statement:
•

Python programming language provides following types of loops to handle looping

requirements.
Loop Type Description
Repeats a statement or group of statements while a given condition is
while loop
TRUE. It tests the condition before executing the loop body.
Executes a sequence of statements multiple times and abbreviates the
for loop
code that manages the loop variable.
nested loops You can use one or more loop inside any another while, for loop.

The while Loop

A while loop statement in Python programming language repeatedly executes a target
statement as long as a given condition is True.
Syntax
The syntax of a while loop in Python programming language is:

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Python Programmimg (CM-505)

while expression:
statement(s)

Here, statement(s) may be a single statement or a block of statements.

The condition may be any expression, and true is any non-zero value. The loop
iterates while the condition is true. When the condition becomes false, program control
passes to the line immediately following the loop.
In Python, all the statements indented by the same number of character spaces after a
programming construct are considered to be part of a single block of code. Python uses
indentation as its method of grouping statements.

Example-1: Example-2:
i=1 i=1
while i < 4: while i < 4:
print i print i
i+=1 i+=1
print “END” print “END”

Output-1: Output-2:
1 1
END 2
2 3
END END
3
END

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Q) Write a program to display factorial of a given number.

Program:
n=int(input("Enter the number: ")
f=1
while n>0:

f=f*n
n=n-1

print ("Factorial is",f)

Output:
Enter the number: 5
Factorial is 120
2.2.2.for loop:
The for loop is useful to iterate over the elements of a sequence. It means, the for loop
can be used to execute a group of statements repeatedly depending upon the number of
elements in the sequence. The for loop can work with sequence like string, list, tuple, range
etc.
The syntax of the for loop is given below:
for var in sequence:
statement (s)
The first element of the sequence is assigned to the variable written after „for‟ and
then the statements are executed.
Next, the second element of the sequence is assigned to the variable and then the
statements are executed second time.
In this way, for each element of the sequence, the statements are executed once. So,
the for loop is executed as many times as there are number of elements in the sequence.

Example-1: Example-2:
for i in range(1,5): for i in range(1,5):
print( i) print (i)
print (“END”) print (“END”)

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Output-1: Output-2:
1 1
END 2
2 3
END 4
3 END
END
4
END

Q) Write a program to display the factorial of given number.

Program: OUTPUT:

n=int(input("Enter the number: "))

f=1 Enter the number: 5
for i in range(1,n+1): Factorial is 120
f=f*i
print( "Factorial is",f)

Nested Loop:
It is possible to write one loop inside another loop. For example, we can write a for
loop inside a while loop or a for loop inside another for loop. Such loops are called “nested
loops”.
Example-1:
for i in range(1,6):
for j in range(1,6):
print (j,end=’’)
print (" ")
Example-2:
for i in range(1,6):
for j in range(1,6):
print ("*",end=’’)
print ""

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1) Write a program for print given number is prime number or not

using for loop. Program:
n=int(input("Enter the value“)

count=0

for i in range(2,n):

if n%i==0: Output:
Enter n value: 17
count+=1
Prime Number
break
if count==0:
print ("Prime Number")

else:

print ("Not Prime Number")

2) Write a program print Fibonacci series and sum the even numbers. Fibonacci series
is 1,2,3,5,8,13,21,34,55
n=int(input("Enter n value "))
f0=1
f1=2
print( f0,f1)
for i in range(1,n-1):
f2=f0+f1
print (f2)
f0=f1
f1=f2

Output:
Enter n value 10
1 2 3 5 8 13 21 34 55 89

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 Python Programmimg (CCN-302)
3) Write a program to print n prime numbers and display the sum of prime numbers.
Program:
n=int(input("Enter the range: "))
sum=0
for num in range(1,n+1):
for i in range(2,num):
if (num % i) == 0:
break
else:
print( num)
sum += num
print ("\nSum of prime numbers is",sum)

Output:
Enter the range: 21
1 2 3 5 7 11 13 17 19
Sum of prime numbers is 78
4) Write a program to print sum of digits.
Program:
n=int(input("Enter the number: "))
sum=0
while n>0:
r=n%10
sum+=r
n=n/10
print ("sum is",sum)
Output:
Enter the number: 123456789
sum is 45

5) Write a program to print given number is Armstrong or not.

Program:
n=int(input("Enter the number: "))
sum=0
t=n
while n>0:
r=n%10
sum+=r*r*r
n=n/10
if sum==t:
print("ARMSTRONG")
else:
print ("NOT ARMSTRONG")

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Output:
Enter the number: 153
ARMSTRONG

BREAK:
The break statement in Python terminates the current loop and resumes execution at
the next statement, just like the traditional break found in C.
The most common use for break is when some external condition is triggered
requiring a hasty exit from a loop. The break statement can be used in
both while and for loops.
Example:
for letter in 'Python': # First Example OUTPUT
Current Letter : P
if letter == 'h':
Current Letter : y
break
Current Letter : t
print ('Current Letter :', letter)

CONTINUE:
The continue statement in Python returns the control to the beginning of the while
loop. The continue statement rejects all the remaining statements in the current iteration of
the loop and moves the control back to the top of the loop.
The continue statement can be used in both while and for loops.

EXAMPLE 1 : OUTPUT
for letter in 'Python': # First Example Current Letter : P
if letter == 'h': Current Letter : y
continue Current Letter : t
print ('Current Letter :', letter) Current Letter : o
Current Letter : n

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Example2: OUTPUT
var = 10 Current variable value : 10
while var > 0: Current variable value : 9
var = var -1 Current variable value : 8
if var == 5: Current variable value : 7
continue Current variable value : 6
print( 'Current variable value :', var) Current variable value : 4
print( "Good bye!") Current variable value : 3
Current variable value : 2
Current variable value : 1
Good bye!

2.2.5.PASS:
The pass statement in Python is used when a statement is required syntactically but you
do not want any command or code to execute.
The pass statement is a null operation; nothing happens when it executes. The pass is
also useful in places where your code will eventually go, but has not been written yet
EXAMPLE OUTPUT
for letter in 'Python': Current Letter : P
if letter == 'h': Current Letter : y
pass Current Letter : t
print( 'This is pass block') This is pass block
print( 'Current Letter :', letter) Current Letter : h
Current Letter : o
print ("Good bye!") Current Letter : n
Good bye!
assert Keyword in Python
In python, assert keyword helps in achieving this task. This statement takes as input a boolean
condition, which when returns true doesn’t do anything and continues the normal flow of execution, but
if it is computed to be false, then it raises an AssertionError along with the optional message provided.
Syntax : assert condition, error_message(optional)
EXAMPLE: OUTPUT:
a=4 The value of a / b is :
b=0 -------------------------------------
print("The value of a / b is : ") -------------------------------------
assert b != 0 -
print(a / b)
AssertionError
Traceback (most recent
call last)
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